Principles Of Movement Research Articles

Ipolito Irigojen: predtecha neprisoedineniya

The article examines the activities of the President of Argentina Yrigoyen, who stood at the origins of the development of the ideology of non-alignment, shows the conformity of his foreign policy - neutrality during the First World War, plans to convene a congress of Latin American countries, the transformation of the League of Nations into a universal international organization based on freedom, equality and sovereignty of all countries of the world, the establishment of a new international economic order - to the goals and principles of the Non-Aligned Movement.

A Novel Evaluation Index and Optimization Method for Ankle Rehabilitation Robots Based on Ankle-Foot Motion.

The ability of ankle rehabilitation robots to accurately mimicking the actual human ankle motion is an important judgment basis for robot-assisted rehabilitation training. This paper proposes an evaluation index and mechanism parameter optimization method based on ankle-foot motion trajectory by exploring the human ankle-foot motion principle. First, the ankle UR equivalent model and a 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel ankle rehabilitation robot are described. Second, the ankle-foot motion data are measured by the body surface marker method, which proved the coupling of ankle-foot motion. Then, a new evaluation index, the ankle-foot motion comfort zone, is proposed, which is essentially the superimposed ankle-foot motion trajectory measured about 3-5 mm wide. Third, a mechanism parameter optimization method, is proposed in terms of the ankle-foot motion comfort zone as the evaluation index, which is applied to the 3-DOF parallel ankle rehabilitation robot, and the optimization results proved the feasibility of the method. Finally, the optimized rehabilitation robot is fitted with different ankle motions, and a prototype model is designed for kinematics simulation, which verifies the adaptability of the optimization method. This study provides a theoretical basis for the configuration design of ankle rehabilitation robots and provides a new direction for the optimization of the mechanism parameters.

The biomechanics form and its application to assess student’s physical skills

One of the intended learning outcomes of Physical Education (PE) is for students to develop physical skills. Biomechanics can be used as a discipline to measure the level of physical skill. This study aimed to develop an assessment form to measure the level of physical skill. The movement principle of biomechanics was incorporated into an observation checklist form. The form is meant to help Physical Education Teachers (PET) qualitatively analyze students' physical skills using biomechanics. This study aligns with research and development model which conducted in three phases: need-analysis, development, and model efficiency test. The form was built with two main components: physical skill and biomechanical principles. Physical skill is related to standard movement patterns for a given sporting skill. The biomechanical principle lays the foundation for all movements. This research uses a qualitative approach. A total of 120 PET from 120 secondary schools were involved as subjects in this study. Interviews, observation, and questionnaire were used to collect the data. This research yielded the following result, first, there are problems with integrating biomechanics into an assessment of physical skill. Second, a biomechanics form is developed in the checklist-style observation form to help PET evaluate their students’ learning outcomes. Third, biomechanics form was practical to be used as a learning assessment tool because it met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Keywords: biomechanics assessment; observation checklist; physical education, physical skills

Free movement, Social Citizenship, and the Production of the EU’s legal territory as a “Social Milieu.” Reading the Laval case through Foucault

This paper raises the question of how freedom of movement, attached to EU citizenship, affects forms of social citizenship at the national and at the EU level. It does so through a double analytical lens. It discusses the well-known Laval case through the angle of the category of circulation and “social milieu” as proposed by the work of Michel Foucault. The hypothesis I want to raise in the paper is that there is a need to rethink social citizenship through an understanding of governmentality and territory as shaped by people circulating and producing a social environment, or milieu, at the European level. Specifically, the study deals with the controversies concerning the Laval dispute : it discusses the Posted Workers Directive, the principle of the free movement of workers and services and the Services Directive. It suggests that the encouragement and management of circulations, both of workers and of services, across Member States, as it is visible in the Laval case, ushers in the “becoming territorial” of the EU.

Securitizing mobility: Profiling ‘non-core’ Europeans

By combining securitization literature and literature from the field of border criminologies, this article reflects upon the ongoing securitization of intra-EU East–West mobility. The European Union is built on the inherent tension between the (economic) benefits and risks of one of its core principles: the principle of free movement. The two enlargements of the EU that led to the inclusion of several countries located in Central and Eastern Europe further increased this tension and led countries in Western Europe to officially reconstruct intra-Schengen borders. By looking into recent practices of (border) policing in the Netherlands, this article illustrates how CEE nationals are subjected not only to a securitized discourse around their mobility but also to securitized policing practices that aim to create a division between ‘core’ and ‘non-core’ Europeans while at the same time distinguishing between possible ‘crimmigrant’ others and bona fide travellers.

Choreographing the queer: Visual and textual stimuli in Mandeep Raikhy’s dance-making process

ABSTRACT The article looks at the methodology used by dance-maker Mandeep Raikhy – for his works Queen Size and A Male Ant Has Straight Antennae - of using ‘stimuli’ in the choreographic process to incite and create appropriate movement principles. The usage of visual stimuli such as images, drawings, and observations, and textual or literary stimuli (fiction/non-fiction, words) can be said to hold the power to evoke ‘authentic’ movement from deep within, which can further be processed into choreography. The kinds of stimuli employed in Raikhy’s process, along with how he processes them, throw an interesting light on the needs of queer dance and choreography, while also expanding on the unique role and power of dance in queer discourse. How do images used by Raikhy metamorphose into movement, and how is movement thus conceived faithful to queerness? In what ways does text act as a motivator in working with a form that defies text? How does bodily text replace it? Once movement is generated from these stimuli, what choices does Raikhy make to choreograph, and how and why is a performance of this choreography effective in delivering a sense of queerness to the spectator (as well as being a political act)?

Comparison of two hydro-sediment models based on energy principle of water movement in saturated/unsaturated soils

To study the impact of complex climatic conditions on runoff and sediment, physics-based distributed hydrological models are frequently employed for representation and analysis. In this work, two physics-based hydro-sediment models, namely CASC2D-SED (CASCade 2 Dimensional SEDiment) and GSSHA (Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis), are used to simulate runoff and sediment in a semi-arid watershed on the Loess Plateau. Examining the degree to which the two models provide comparable or dissimilar outcomes with regard to runoff and sediment casting is an aspect of this investigation that is of utmost importance. Both the models are derived from the principle of mass and energy balance, and arrived at very similar conclusions regarding the infiltration of precipitation and the transport of silt in surface runoff. For typical flood events that occurred between 1981 and 2017, a comparison of modeled data with measured runoff and sediment is carried out. Both models achieved satisfactory results when runoff and sediment simulations were performed over three separate time periods, with average NSE (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient) values of runoff and sediment are 0.81 and 0.70 respectively. The GSSHA model performs better in terms of the maximum and total amount of runoff and sediment, with an 6.8%, 8.6%, and 6.7% increase, respectively, in the average Rq (relative error of peak flow) Rd (relative error of runoff depth), and Rs (relative error of peak sediment values). In contrast, the CASC2D-SED model simulates better in terms of the Tq (time difference of peak discharge), and Ts (time difference of peak sediment), with the mean time difference of peak flow and sediment values being 0.27 and 1.02 higher, respectively. This shows that the CASC2D-SED model can simulate the timing of runoff and sediment more accurate.

Volunteer activity as a social and pedagogical phenomenon of the social formation of the personality

The article considers volunteer activity as an effective means of socialization, a socio-pedagogical phenomenon, as a means of social formation of personality, student youth as a separate socio-demographic group of society, distinguished by a set of age and psychophysiological characteristics, the quality of professional activity depends on the level of health. The criteria of volunteering are singled out, allowing to separate volunteering from other types of voluntary activity: own initiative; socially useful nature of the work; the volunteering entity does not expect a financial reward; activities carried out in free time; activities that are not directly related to protecting one's own interests and solving one's problems; activity expressed in work; activity that does not involve inclusion in the hierarchical organizational structure of a certain institution. It has been proven that volunteering is carried out for the well-being of the community or society, that is, volunteering is a socially useful activity that does not aim to achieve other goals than the public good, in the most general sense - the increase of human capital, volunteering is not an activity for the benefit of the state, it does not have a political color , is based on universal human values. The main motives of volunteer activity and the basic principles of the volunteer movement are shown; the principles of volunteering are defined. Forms of altruistic behavior, or types of orientation of volunteer activity, are highlighted: moral (selfless concern for others to satisfy one's own spiritual needs); parental (irrational selfless-sacrificing attitude towards younger ones); sympathetic (empathetic attitude, help is aimed at achieving a specific result); demonstrative (demonstration of altruistic acts in order to comply with certain social norms); parochial (selfless acts are extended only to a limited circle of people: family, friends, a separate social group, however, a positive attitude towards individual "own" people in this case is associated with hatred of «strangers»).

Why We Wrote an Open Letter to the EKD and WCC on the War of Aggression Against Ukraine

“War shall not be according to God's will." This simple sentence was agreed upon by the World Council of Churches (WCC) when it was founded in 1948. The start of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine on February 24, 2022, broke with this principle of the Ecumenical Movement. We were sure that the churches of all confessions, especially our own church, the Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland (EKD) and all other member churches of the WCC, would immediately and unanimously position themselves against the Russian war of aggression. But the clear word, which we had hoped for, did not come.

Vale of Leven: Britain’s First National Health Service Hospital, 1951–55

ABSTRACTWhile some of the major hospitals built in Britain following the creation of the National Health Service have attracted scholarly attention, Vale of Leven — the first NHS hospital — has been largely overlooked. Erected in 1952–55 at Alexandria, to the northwest of Glasgow, it was built with funds provided by the civil defence budget and was designed as both a potential emergency hospital during wartime and a peacetime general hospital to meet the needs of the local population. The architect, Joseph L. Gleave (1907–65), regarded the project as an opportunity to design a hospital based on the principles of the modern movement and, when it opened, it was applauded as the first ’modern’ hospital built by the NHS. As with the emergency hospitals built at the outset of the second world war, the design was based on a separation between circulation (the ’spine’) and accommodation, which comprised standardised but expandable modular units plugged into the spine, allowing flexibility for future change. Although Vale of Leven Hospital was not replicated, aspects of its planning and design were influential in the short term, and its legacy can be seen in the more compact standardised model of the nucleus hospitals developed in the 1970s.

Investigation of the capabilities of a supersonic transport system in a rarefied environment

The paper is devoted to the study of problems in organizing high-speed ground transport traffic. The solution to this problem may be the organization of a combined transport system, which involves the movement of a transport unit in a rarefied environment of limited space, using the principles of magnetic levitation. The use of such a system will significantly increase the speed of a transport unit up to the supersonic range due to the following factors: reduced aerodynamic air resistance when moving; the absence of direct contact of the transport unit with the lower structure of the track and, as a result, the complete absence of friction; separate dedicated lines allow the use of structures that allow for a significant increase in freight traffic. The paper explores the possibilities of developing the basic principles of movement of a transport system based on magnetic levitation in a rarefied environment, modeling key processes, determining the main parameters of a new transport system and establishing their optimal ratio, reduced to conditions of safe and energy-efficient operation. As well as an assessment of possible risks associated with the use of this type of transport, both for freight and passenger transportation.

Effects of Sensomotor Communication System Based Exercises on Static Balance and Self-esteem in 7-12 Years Old Karate Pupils

Karate is a martial art that require a high level of motor and functional abilities, discipline and mental concentration as well. Practicing Kata improves self-awareness and focus, but is not always included in a class agenda. The author’s of sensomotor communication system based exercises have combined principles of movement from martial arts for body awareness. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks intervention program of sensomotor communication system based exercises on static balance and self-esteem in karate pupils. In the study 24 karate pupils in the age of 7-12 were included. Training years in karate varied from 1 to 4 years of practice. To assess static balance the Flamingo balance test was used, to evaluate self-esteem, a modified Rosenger self-esteem scale was used. The findings of this study showed a positive effect on static balance and a minor positive effect on self-esteem in karate pupils after the intervention. Sensomotor communication system based exercises could be used for balance and self-esteem improvement. Also, being a more understandable and clearer exercise system, the sensomotor communication exercise program could be a Kata alternative for younger children practicing karate.

Lateral talar subluxation (LTS) in SER ankle fractures is more responsive than medial clear space widening: A cadaveric biomechanical study

Category: Ankle; Trauma Introduction/ Purpose: Supination-external rotation (SER) ankle fractures are characterized by posterolateral translation and external rotation. In isolated fibula fracture SER variants, medial soft tissue structure incompetence can be identified with medial clear space (MCS) widening or with lateral talar subluxation (LTS), frequently obtained on stress view imaging. This assessment is a key determination of which patients may require surgical management to restore ankle joint stability. Current radiographic studies demonstrated increased sensitivity and specificity of LTS versus MCS which may be due to increased rotational movement occurring in the direction of the talar displacement. Biomechanical data has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate MCS and LTS displacements in a cadaveric biomechanical study to confirm this rotational movement principle in a controlled setting. Methods: An open approach was utilized to surgically create an SER isolated fibula fracture in five below-knee cadaveric specimens. Open anteromedial and lateral ankle approaches were created for visualization of the medial and lateral structures, also allowing direct measurement of the MCS and LTS with a ruler. There was no ankle instability prior to injury, MCS and LTS were zero in each specimen prior to experimental model creation. An SER-pattern fibular osteotomy was made with an oscillating saw. The superficial and deep deltoid were then released from the medial malleolus, and the foot was displaced maximally creating an SER-4b variant ankle fracture. The MCS and LTS were then measured. Differences were analyzed using a paired Student’s t-test. Effect size (Cohen’s d) was measured to characterize statistical significance and determine relative importance in the degree of change. Results: There was no underlying ankle stability, deformity, or arthritis in any of the 5 cadaveric ankle specimens. In our simulated SER-4b ankle fractures, the mean MCS widening using medial landmarks was 7.2 mm (+/- 1.3mm). The mean lateral displacement utilizing the LTS landmarks was 11.2mm (+/- 1.3mm). The difference between medial and lateral displacement was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.0067, 95% CI [1.85, 6.15]). Cohen’s d was equal to 3.1 (95% CI [1.24, 4.90]), demonstrating a large effect size, showing the mean to be different by 3 standard deviations. The increase in mean lateral displacement was 43% greater when compared to the mean medial displacement. Conclusion: In this cadaveric study, LTS displacement was significantly greater than MCS widening following simulation of SER type IV ankle fracture injuries. The effect size of 3.1 confirms statistical significance. This data supports that talus external rotation is a significant factor in SER pattern displacement. The rotational moment arm is largest laterally with external rotation, and posterolateral displacement. Our study supports the idea of measuring the LTS radiographically as a marker to assist in surgical decision-making. Further characterization of the displacement pattern of SER injuries will be helpful to assist surgical decision- making in these common ankle injuries.

운동역학적 지도법을 기준으로 비교해 본 2015 개정 교육과정과 캐나다 온타리오주 체육교육과정

The purpose of this study was to compare the 2015 revised curriculum and the Ontario curriculum to find out how the principle of body movement is taught in elementary school. As a result, both curriculum recognized physical activity as an important essence and medium of physical education, and contained content that emphasized not only motor skills but also the development of students' social attitudes. However, in terms of understanding and practical application of physical activity, the 2015 revised curriculum lacks specific methods that can be taught in the field, while the Ontario curriculum includes questions and answers that can make students understand the principles of physical activity. Therefore, it is judged that the education of physical activity based on the biomechanical principle can be done more efficiently. It is necessary to enhance students' understanding of physical activity by biomechanical method in the revision of the Korean curriculum.

Grassmann line geometry based configuration synthesis of equivalent UU parallel mechanisms with two virtual center-of-motion

This paper investigates a class of equivalent UU parallel mechanisms with two virtual center-of-motions (VCMs) in terms of the geometric characteristics of the equivalent UU model, and proposes a configuration synthesis method based on the Grassmann line geometry and constraint screw multiset. First, the equivalent UU model is proposed concerning the analysis of ankle rehabilitation and the ankle UU model. Three geometric characteristics and four classes of motion and constraint characteristics of the equivalent UU model are given. Second, the motion principle of equivalent UU parallel mechanism is proposed for the characteristics of motion and constraint, which provides a theoretical method for configurable synthesis. Third, a series of constraint limbs satisfying the motion and constraint characteristics of equivalent UU parallel mechanisms are synthesized by using the constraint screw synthesis method in terms of the screw theory and Grassmann line geometry principle. Finally, the concept of multiset is introduced into mechanism synthesis, and a series of equivalent UU parallel mechanisms are synthesized based on the method of constraint screw multiset.

Reflection principle for finite-velocity random motions

AbstractWe present a reflection principle for a wide class of symmetric random motions with finite velocities. We propose a deterministic argument which is then applied to trajectories of stochastic processes. In the case of symmetric correlated random walks and the symmetric telegraph process, we provide a probabilistic result recalling the classical reflection principle for Brownian motion, but where the initial velocity has a crucial role. In the case of the telegraph process we also present some consequences which lead to further reflection-type characteristics of the motion.

Design, modeling and validation of a deformable capsule-like crawling robot based on scissor elements

Inspired by the morphological characteristics of biological capsules and the two-anchor motion mechanism of worms, this paper proposes a novel deformable capsule-like crawling robot based on scissor elements, including the design, modeling, and experimental validation. The robot is designed based on three different types of scissor elements driven by micro-servos to achieve programmable, bidirectional and controllable deformation. Then, a passive friction-switch mechanism that takes advantage of the deformation to mimic the two-anchor motion principle is proposed, which enables the robot to have the required front and rear friction difference for the motion. Moreover, according to the kinematic and mechanic analysis of the proposed robot, a general model to achieve programmable deformation and locomotion is developed. Given that the slippage due to the friction trade-off between the robot’s legs and the ground, an approach considering slippage to estimate the locomotion is proposed. Finally, the prototype of the capsule-like crawling robot is experimentally validated, and the results reveal that the deformation and locomotion of the robot can be effectively achieved.

How cautious should we be? The role of the precautionary principle in the regulation of sewage sludge in Sweden

Drawing a line between what constitutes a potentially hazardous waste and what is instead a possible resource is complicated. A case in point is the use of sewage sludge, whose use not least in agriculture, has long been subject of debate. In Sweden, the issue has been investigated for possible legislative changes four times in the past decades. The latest of these investigations propose to introduce either a total or a partial ban on agricultural use of sewage sludge. In this paper, the legality of these proposals is analyzed with particular focus on their compatibility with the precautionary principle and the EU principle of free movement of goods and services, using a traditional legal method. The analysis indicates that a partial ban may well be considered proportionate to the risks that the use entails for human health and the environment, whilst a total ban would likely be found in breach of EU law, despite the scope for Member States to take stricter measures than prescribed by secondary legislation.

Clocks, Automata and the Mechanization of Nature (1300–1600)

This paper aims at tracking down, by looking at late medieval and early modern discussions over the ontological status of artifacts, the main steps of the process through which nature became theorized on a mechanistic model in the early 17th century. The adopted methodology consists in examining how inventions such as mechanical clocks and automata forced philosophers to modify traditional criteria based on an intrinsic principle of motion and rest for defining natural beings. The paper studies different strategies designed in the transitional period 1300–1600 for making these inventions compatible with classical definitions of nature and artifacts. In the first part of the paper, it is shown that, even if virtually all medieval philosophers acknowledged an ontological distinction between artifacts and natural beings, these different strategies demonstrate a growing concern about the consistency of the art/nature distinction. The next part of the paper studies how mechanical clocks, even before the Scientific Revolution, served as theoretical models for applying mechanistic views to different objects (be they cosmological, physical or biological). The epistemological function of clocks appears to stem from different factors (like the specific manufacturing of late medieval clocks as well as the evolution of 16th-century mechanics) that are listed in this second part of the paper. These factors, combined with the definitional issues raised by automata, explain that clocks became the symbol of a new approach to natural philosophy, characterized by the collapse of the art/nature distinction and the “mechanization of nature”.

Virtual IBAN as a Service in the Law of the European Union and Poland

The purpose of this paper is to present the two existing virtual account models functioning in the European Union, examine their legal validity and identify the legal challenges related to the functioning of these models. The first model, Mass Payment Accounts, which is related to virtual accounts rather than to virtual IBANs, is the model where the licensed financial institution only provides a business payment (settlement) account, with technical subaccounts, to one of their business clients. The functionality of the subaccounts is limited to reflect and distinguish the incoming payments. The second and more complex model is the vIBAN solution, where the licensed payment institution provides, to another licensed financial institution, indirect access to local payment schemes (hereinafter referred to as “vIBAN”). To confirm the legal validity and identify the potential risks of vIBAN services, EU law was analysed with some insights from Polish law. The reason for introducing vIBAN services is the difficulty for certain payment service providers to participate in so-called designated payment systems. Designated payment systems are usually the most widespread local payment systems. The reason for the different treatment of these designated systems is banking systemic risk, understood as a situation where a default by a system participant may result in a default by other participants. Consequently, even if a given payment service provider can obtain its own IBAN number, there is often no possibility for it to participate in designated payment schemes. Bearing in mind the different rules in the case of designated payment systems, the legality of vIBAN services in the EU law is justified by the principle of free movement of services, the principle of equal access to payment schemes and the obligation of the credit institutions to provide banking and non-banking participants with credit institution payment account services on an objective, non-discriminatory and proportionate basis. However, there are various challenges related to the functioning of vIBAN services, such as the overlapping of certain AML/CFT obligations, enforcement of administrative and court seizures, AML-related blocking of vIBANs and consistency of money transfer sender data with the Fund Transfer Regulation. The most pressing challenges requiring prompt regulation on the European level are related to the applicable deposit protection scheme, as well as to specific Member States’ administrative restrictions, which can cause difficulties in offering vIBAN services to business entities.