Principle Of Kinship Research Articles

TRADISI MAMPADUOI DALAM PERJANJIAN BAGI HASIL SAWAH DI NAGARI GUNUNG MEDAN

The aim of this research is to understand and analyze the practice of <em>mampaduoi</em> system in profit sharing agreement of rice field in Nagari Gunung Medan, West Sumatera, based on the study of Islamic Law and the Act Number 2 Year 1960 regarding Profit Sharing Agreement. This is an empirical research with sociological juridical approach. The result of analysis shows that mampaduoi system in profit sharing agreement done in Nagari Gunung Medan is a kind of cooperation which employs kinship principle (badunsanak) and mutual help. The ratio is 4 (1:3) for close family members and 3 (1:2) for non family. Islam figures and chief of tribal in Nagari Gunung Medan consider mampaduoi system is in accordance with Islamic sharia as what has been determined by Jumhur Ulama regarding mukhabarah agreement. However, based on the act Number 2 Year 1960, the system is not appropriate because it is not legally written.

PENGUKURAN KINERJA KOPERASI BERBASIS BALANCED SCORECARD

Cooperative is a business entity consisting of a person or a legal entity cooperative with the basis of its activities based on the principle of Cooperatives as well as the people's economic movement based on the principle of kinship (Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 25 Year 1992). Village Unit Cooperative serves as a service center for economic activities in rural areas and is an integral part of national development that has a significant role in the community economy. The purpose of this study is to know the performance of cooperatives in financial and nonfinancial in a balanced manner so it can be known the development of strategy achievement by using Balanced Scorecard based measurement, by displaying four Perspective namely Financial Perspective, Customer Perspective, Internal Business Process Perspective and Learning and Growth Perspective. The results obtained, financial and nonfinancial are still less balanced and the target is still not achieved. Generally Madurasa Village Unit Cooperative need innovation to make KUD more in trust people or society by providing requirement of member and must dare to compete with other business enitas because if not done then certainly will not compete so that achievement of target can be achieved.

Urgensi Penegakan Hukum Pada Lembaga Keuangan Koperasi Dalam Rangka Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anggota

One of the goals of the Cooperative is for the welfare of its members based on the principle of kinship and mutual cooperation, so that the management is required to apply the standard of professional management and responsible as to uphold the principles of transparency, accountability, independence and accountability both legally and economically and democratically. Cooperative as a pillar of the economy of the Indonesian nation must make its contribution to improving the economy of the community. Several cases that emerged recently as in the case of fraud by unscrupulous members of the cooperative board, the credit agreement that violates the rules so as to make the cooperative becomes a loss, lack of monitoring and evaluation internally by the cooperative supervisors. It would be a black mark to the development of cooperatives in Indonesia, so that the necessary urgency enforcement seriously and comprehensively both by the Ministry and the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs as well as elements of other law enforcement in order to restore the good name of the cooperative in the community as one of the pillars of the economy-based society.

Men who ‘Marry Out’: unsettling masculinity, kinship, and nation through migration across the Taiwan Strait

Family reunification has become a widely recognized means to move across borders in the contemporary world. As a migration strategy, family reunification redefines the relationship of kinship to nation, diversifying the ‘national family’ and its gendered role expectations. This article uses cross-border marriages between Chinese and Taiwanese to interrogate how immigration affects the experiences of men who migrate through or in conjunction with marriage, integrating scales of family, citizenship, and nation in an analysis of migrant masculinity. Migrant husbands describe their disempowerment as male providers and citizens through the patrilineal and patrilocal kinship language of having ‘married out.’ The article examines the salience of this kinship model for immigrant husbands seeking to redefine their relationship to patrilineal gender privileges and secure citizenship status. How do men who migrate through marriage negotiate gendered kinship principles that may work to their benefit in their home country but undermine their status once they migrate? How does the experience of migrating as a kin-dependent threaten men’s self-image as family providers? By investigating these challenges to hegemonic masculinity, the article asks how migration reconfigures the gendered foundations of family formation by undermining kinship-based models of normative masculinity and creating a gender crisis for some migrant husbands.

An Ecocritical Perspective of Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things

This study is an ecofeminist reading of Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things focusing on how the novelist utilizes various techniques signaling modes of revolt of Nature in terms of the muted group theory and backchannel communication motifs. The novelist also apostrophizes Nature to blur dialectical pairs. Cartesian dualism is extended to the culture/nature dichotomy. Roy encompasses the subaltern of the human race within the downtrodden, the predominant being the image of woman imprisoned in the presets of immanence. On another level, the author refers to animals and plants that required a voice that told the story of Nature or of innate instinct through the medium of human beings: an inverted form of apologues where the story of humans was told through animals. Symbiotic relationships of nature gather strength as they are foregrounded by Roy through relations of metaphor and metonymy exhibiting underlying principles of kinship. The survival instinct of the female characters is delineated through the language of ecology and emblematizes the dismantling of boundaries in the culture/nature dialectical pair.

Existence, Identity and Survive Strategy Kethoprak Tobong Kelana Bhakti Budaya

Kethoprak Tobong Kelana Bhakti Budaya is one of Ketoprak tobong that still exist and survive from the onslaught of modern entertainment. Ketoprak tobong is a traditional Javanese theatrical art which performs and lives by moving from one place to another within a period of time. They maintain their existence because of their deep love for the Ketoprak world. In addition they have a sense of responsibility to preserve the nation’s cultural heritage by maintaining their tobong group. For them the Ketoprak world and tobong is their identity. The members of this group were born and grew up from the Ketoprak’s family and environment. The existence and identity of this group is formed from habitus, capital and field. For survive strategy, they apply the principles of kinship, flexibly apply the rules, looking for donors, and promotes the group through a variety of cultural events. To make ends meet they have other jobs, including craft, making costumes, makeup, and a singer in a wedding.

Analisis Good Corporate Governance Pada Koperasi

In the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia there is a chapter that makes the foundation of the establishment and development of Koperasi in Indonesia. Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia states that the economy is constituted as a joint effort based on the principle of kinship. In order for Koperasi to develop properly, it is necessary to have a Good Corporate Governance (GCG). To be able to have good governance, then in managing Koperasi there must be transparency, independence, accountability, responsibility, fairness and equality which are the basic principles in good organizational management. This research will try to observe whether Koperasi has implemented the basic principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG). The research was conducted at Koperasi Pegawai in Surabaya by using research and development approach and descriptive data analysis. The results of data processing show that the principle of transparency obtained index 3.25 can be implemented well which indicated by financial reporting that has been audited by Public Accounting Firm (KAP) for 8 years. The principle of independence obtained index 3.71 is quite manifest in its management. The principle of accountability with the 3.00 index can be implemented well, as indicated by the presence of AD/ART (Anggaran Dasar/Anggaran Rumah Tangga), vision, mission and purpose of the establishment of Koperasi which all refer to Act Number 25 Year 1992. The rules are implemented and conditioned according to the conditions of the Koperasi. The principle of responsibilitas with index 2.71 also can be done well, with the obedience to the regulation of Act Number 25 Year 1992 which is part of responsibility of management and member of Koperasi in execution of duty. The principle of fairness and equality with the 3.43 index is well executed, there is no discrimination due to differences in ethnicity, religion, race, class, gender and physical condition.

In Search of Legal Foundation for Indonesian Family Firms

One of the factors that affect Indonesia's economic growth is the existence of business firms. It cannot be ignored that most business firms in Indonesia is family owned firms, and which are considered to constitute as the backbone of the economic development. Family firms represent the most enduring business model in the world. The continuing success of family firms through the generations relies on ensuring the next generation. However, the issue of family firms is rarely discussed in particular from the perspective of corporate law. In fact, from legal perspectives, there is some issues deal with this type of firms, amongst other, the lack of an overall definition of the term “family business”. It is because family businesses and small medium enterprises (SMEs) are widely understood synonymously in spite of the fact that they exist in every size class. Other issue is the questions of its legal basis or legal framework in terms of its corporate governance. Many Indonesian business players lack the basic understanding of corporation's law. It is partly because these obligations are incompatible with the values and cultures in Indonesia where “kinship principle” is deeply rooted. This article aims to describe the characteristics and the legal frameworks for the family firms in Indonesia. It also recommends the government to take progressive measure by providing clear regulations on the family firms in Indonesia. This will reinforce family firms contribution in economic development of Indonesia in the future.

Introducing Mato Based Profit-Sharing Accounting and its Synergy with Cooperative and Sharia

This study is intended to convey the idea of merging of the three concepts of accounting, namely mato based profit-sharing accounting, cooperative, and sharia. The merger was motivated by a desire to produce a more universal accounting concept, which is not based on a particular religious stream, but in line with Indonesia's constitutional- ideology: Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The research paradigm uses a spiritual approach. The research generates a new accounting concept that is more viscous with the values of justice, a joint effort based on the principle of kinship and inspired by the values of divinity.

The archaeology of kinship: advancing interpretation and contributions to theory

Archaeology has been subjected to a wide range of misunderstandings of kinship theory and many of its central concepts. Demonstrating that kinship is the foundation for past societies' social organisation, particularly in non-state societies, Bradley E. Ensor offers a lucid presentation of kinship principles and theories accessible to a broad audience. He provides not only descriptions of what the principles entail but also an understanding of their relevance to past and present topics of interest to archaeologists. His overall goal is always clear: to illustrate how kinship analysis can advance archaeological interpretation and how archaeology can advance kinship theory. The Archaeology of Kinship supports Ensor's objectives: to demonstrate the relevance of kinship to major archaeological questions, to describe archaeological methods for kinship analysis independent of ethnological interpretation, to illustrate the use of those techniques with a case study, and to provide specific examples of how diachronic analyses address broader theory. As Ensor shows, archaeological diachronic analyses of kinship are independently possible, necessary, and capable of providing new insights into past cultures and broader anthropological theory. Although it is an old subject in anthropology, The Archaeology of Kinship can offer new and exciting frontiers for inquiry. Kinship research in general--and prehistoric kinship in particular--is rapidly re-emerging as a topical subject in anthropology. This book is a timely archaeological contribution to that growing literature otherwise dominated by ethnology.

REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM

AbstractReproductive medical technology has revolutionized the natural order of human procreation. Accordingly, some have celebrated its advent as a new and liberating determinant of kinship at the global level and advocate it as a right to reproductive health while others have frowned upon it as a vehicle for “guiltless exchange of sexual fluid” and commodification of human gametes. Religious voices from both Christianity and Islam range from unthinking adoption to restrictive use. While utilizing this technology to enable the married couple to have children through the use of their own sexual material is welcome, the use of third party, surrogacy, and reproductive cloning are not in keeping with the sacrosanct principles of kinship, procreation through licit sexual intercourse, and social cohesiveness for building a cohesive family as uphold by both Christianity and Islam. To examine such larger issues emanating from these new ways of human procreation, beyond the question of legality, is a point which legal scholars in both Christianity and Islam, when issuing religious decrees, have not anticipated sufficiently. The article proposes to be an attempt to that end through a qualitative critical content analysis of selected literature written on the subject.

PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH TERHADAP TINGKAT RASIO PROFITABILITAS PADA KOPERASI JASA KEUANGAN SYARIAH (KJKS) MANFAAT SURABAYA

Many financial institutions those were born with the Shariah-based in Indonesia--including non-bank financial institutions, among them are Islamic insurance, Shariah pawnshop, Shariah financial services cooperatives, and more. Shariah-compliant financial services cooperatives (KJKS) Manfaat Surabaya is still classified as "new" in Indonesia, in which retained the principle of kinship as a guide of the cooperative itself. Various systems were much changed, from conventional systems to the Islamic system, especially in terms of contract and financial accounting standards. Then came the question, whether the views of society and the level of public confidence as well as different? Of course a lot of things to be able to prove from the above questions, one of which is the level of profitability, as well as a large number of levels KJKS Groove financing given to the community. The greater the level of profitability means the level of public confidence about the existence of KJKS in Indonesia also getting bigger. Many financing products of KJKS Manfaat are given to the public, one of which is the mudharabah financing which is very influential on the profit orientation of each financial institution of Sharia. This research is the kind of quantitative research with data analysis using simple regression and t tests to find out the significance of the influence of mudharabah financing against a ratio of profitability in KJKS Manfaat Surabaya.

Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Political Islam, and Peacebuilding by Afyare Abdi Elmi, and: Milk and Peace, Drought and War: Somali Culture, Society and Politics: Essays in Honour of I. M. Lewis ed. by Markus Hoehne and Virginia Luling

Reviewed by: Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Political Islam, and Peacebuilding by Afyare Abdi Elmi, and: Milk and Peace, Drought and War: Somali Culture, Society and Politics: Essays in Honour of I. M. Lewis ed. by Markus Hoehne and Virginia Luling Terrence Lyons Afyare Abdi Elmi. Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Political Islam, and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Pluto Press, 2010. xvii + 193 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $90.00. Cloth. $35.00. Paper. Markus Hoehne and Virginia Luling , eds. Milk and Peace, Drought and War: Somali Culture, Society and Politics: Essays in Honour of I. M. Lewis. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. xi + 437 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $55.00. Cloth. The field of Somali studies has been shaped to a remarkable degree by I. M. Lewis’s lineage-based structural paradigm and more recently by the “collapsed state” conceptual frame. Hoehne and Luling have edited an excellent set of essays that revisits Lewis’s paradigm while simultaneously finding innovative ways to draw fresh ideas from standard texts. Elmi’s monograph draws in part from the tradition of searching for the root causes and [End Page 186] possible solutions to the problem of state collapse in Somalia. These two works suggest that while “clan-based politics” and “state collapse” are deeply problematic concepts, they have an enormous influence in contemporary scholarship on Somalia. Elmi promises to take a fresh look at the story of Somalia’s collapse, and the monograph does a good job in tracing the general story and specifically in incorporating the historical dynamics of political Islam. As is common to most accounts by regional specialists, he emphasizes endogenous dynamics behind state collapse. Counterterrorism policies advocated by Washington and Addis Ababa, Elmi argues, benefit the Islamists by allowing them to position themselves as the defenders of Somali nationalism. The disastrous Ethiopian intervention and the U.S. prioritization of counterterrorism goals over peace-building provide the impetus for much of Elmi’s analysis. “As long as Islamists are challenged by external actors and hated warlords, they will enjoy the support of the Somali people,” he says. “This makes Islamist rule basically inevitable in Somalia” (72). Failed international interventions and what Elmi sees as Ethiopia’s intention to keep Somalia weak and divided receive much of the blame for the “Somalia conflagration” referenced in the book’s title. The Hoehne and Luling edited volume seeks to reexamine the work of I. M. Lewis, the doyen of Somali studies. The book succeeds as both a festschrift and also as a set of extraordinary contributions by some of the most notable scholars of Somalia from across the social sciences and humanities. Lewis’s legacy is diverse, and the scholarship here includes history, politics, culture, language, and social organization at a deep structural level. All interested in Somalia will find something of interest in this collection of essays and reflections. The question of the “clan paradigm” associated with Lewis’s work has been at the center of heated debates within Somali studies and politics. Some argue that the principles of kinship constituted the overarching logic of Somali nationalism and modern nation-state politics, while others emphasize transformation and the autonomous role of the state and market. This volume acknowledges this question but does not seek to resolve it. As noted by Menkhaus (88), “taking a position on how to handle clanism” is unavoidable for scholars of Somalia, and Geshekter asks, “like it or not, aren’t we all now Lewisites?” (399). Many of the contributions emphasize fine-grained analysis of specific practices such as spirit possession, Somali poetry, or specific communities and periods of time. Menkhaus writes on the Somali Bantu, Abdurahman M. Abdullahi on 1975 family law, Boobe Yusuf Duale on the poetry of Timocadde, Luling on the Gibil Cad group in southern Somalia, and Hoehne on Somali nicknames and their meaning. Each of these essays provides valuable insights and careful research into the specific, but the overall contours of Somalia as a subject remain elusive. Broader treatments of the subject here include Prunier’s treatment of comparative colonial legacies and Cassanelli’s excellent essay that presents Lewis in his historical setting. [End Page 187] Healy also takes the opportunity to work on...

POTENSI KERUKUNAN DAN KONFLIK UMAT BERAGAMA DI KOTA MADIUN JAWA TIMUR

This study used a qualitative approach in the case of harmony, conflict and religious conflict solutions in the city of Madiun. The study concludes that: the potential for harmony in the City of Madis on emerged due to the solidarity of public awareness, where people are ready to be different and agree to maintain the unity and integrity. Given that awareness, religious issues are submitted to the respective religious community through each interfaith leader. In addition, the presence of FKUB and Islamic boarding school has been very effective to support the proper development of living in harmony and effective communication (silaturahmi) among interfaith leaders. Law enforcement and government agencies have promoted the creation of inter-faith harmony in the society. The issue that caused the conflict was recognized by the authorities and wider public. Strategic measures to overcome the internal and inter-religious conflicts through mediation and dialogue with the principle of kinship.

2 Matters of Belief: Middle‐Range Theory, Religion, and the “State”

ABSTRACTIn early large‐scale polities religion played a critical role in giving conceptual form to new rules that trump social and economic principles of kinship and egalitarian reciprocity in order to justify the existence of privileged elites. How does one both do theoretical justice to the insidiousness of a religion used in service to the state and do justice to conviction in local knowledge and the efficaciousness of belief therein? These are important matters for middle‐range theory in the archaeology of religion. This contribution focuses on the latter half of the conundrum understood from contemporary ethnographic work by the author in the central highlands of Madagascar. It then examines the crafting of state religion during the unification and expansion of the Merina state under the reign of Andrianampoinimerina (1787–1810).

Igbo Political Systems

In spite of the increased and sophisticated scholarly output on the Igbo, there is still a tendency to depict precolonial Igbo political systems in general and therefore overly simplified and misleading terms. This paper is an attempt to reconfigure the depiction of those systems. As with previous works that have carefully studied precolonial Igbo, it emphasizes the diversity and complexity of Igbo political systems—and argues that because of their underlying republicanism, those systems are best labelled as “acephalous.” The paper identifies three types of acephalous systems: (a) those based on segmentary lineages, (b) those based on age-grades, and (c) those in which political authority was exercised by associations. It is argued that Igbo systems were sufficiently diverse to provide examples of all these variants of acephalous systems. The reconfiguration here is innovative in several respects. For example, the Onitsha and Oguta monarchical systems are identified as “segmentary monarchies” that fall into the category of segmentary lineages. No doubt, the Onitsha and Oguta monarchies exhibited some of the basic features of a centralized political system: there was, in each case, an easily identifiable head of the political system, some concentration and institutionalization of authority, and there were specialized roles in the exercise of political power. It is, however, clear enough that each monarch was only one of several complimentary, if not competing, sources of power. Above all, as with other variants of the segmentary lineages, lineage or kinship principles constituted a key feature in the recruitment of political participants in Onitsha and Oguta. This and other categorizations may be provocative—but they seem more intelligible, certainly going by the local studies.

Governmentality and the Family: Neoliberal Choices and Emergent Kin Relations in Southern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Rather than strictly local expressions of relatedness, kinship in southern Ethiopia has long been entangled with broad political and economic forces as people negotiate relations with each other, past generations, and the state. Accompanying government reforms in the 1990s, idioms of individualism and choice have circulated in transnational and national neoliberal discourses of development, rights, and economics. People in southern Ethiopia who use ideologies of ascribed social statuses to define local social hierarchies have employed these discourses in reshaping relatedness through an expansive trade association, which is referred to as a family and works through kinship principles of descent and generation. Drawing from recent scholarship on kinship and new reproductive technologies, I argue that, through mobile knowledges in neoliberal contexts, people choose this family and its lineage founder, transforming descent relations and land‐based ideologies. These choices represent the workings of neoliberal governmentality in altering cultural relations of power and inequality. [Keywords: kinship, neoliberalism, governmentality, hereditary status groups, Ethiopia]

Practicing kinship: lineage and descent in late imperial China

Presenting a new approach to the history of Chinese kinship, this book attempts to bridge the gap between anthropological and historical scholarship on the Chinese lineage by considering its development in terms of individual and collective strategies. Based on a wide range of newly available sources such as lineage genealogies and stone inscriptions, as well as oral history and extensive observation of contemporary ritual practice in the field, this work explores the historical development of kinship in villages of the Fuzhou region of southeastern Fujian province. In the late imperial period (1368-1911), the people of Fuzhou compiled lengthy genealogies, constructed splendid ancestral halls, and performed elaborate collective rituals of ancestral sacrifice, testimony to the importance they attached to organized patrilineal kinship. In their writings on the lineage, members of late imperial elites presented such local behavior as the straightforward expression of universal and eternal principles. In this book, the author shows that kinship in the Fuzhou region was a form of strategic practice that was always flexible and negotiable. In using the concepts and institutions of kinship, individuals and groups redefined them to serve their own purposes, which included dealing with ethnic differentiation, competing for power and status, and formulating effective responses to state policies. Official efforts to promote a neo-Confucian agenda, to register land and population, and to control popular religion drove people to organize themselves on kinship principles and to institutionalize their kinship relationships. Local efforts to turn compliance with official policies, or at least claims of compliance, to local advantage meant that policymakers were continually frustrated. Because kinship was constituted in a complex of representations, it was never stable or fixed, but fluid and multiple. In offering this new perspective on this history of Chinese lineage practices, the author also provides new insights into the nature of cultural integration and state control in traditional Chinese society.

Kinship Principles and the Pattern of Marriage Alliance: The Meos of Mewat

Cet article s'interesse aux principes de parente qui regissent le modele d'alliance des mariages parmi les Meos de la region de Mewat. L'A se penche sur les changements de ces principes et leurs implications sur la population, notamment les femmes, ainsi que sur les efforts des Meos et les ajustements qu'ils vivent pour etre en adequation avec les influences musulmanes, leur pratique du mariage etant similaire aux pratiques hindoues

Descent of the nation: Kinship and citizenship in Lebanon

The mechanisms which underpin kinship are mobilized by states to organize the citizenry for state‐building, often transporting patriarchy and (reinscribing it in public arenas. While the gendering and aging of citizenship is predictable in the deployment of patriarchal kin institutions for state‐building, the focus of this paper is less on these outcomes (well theorized elsewhere) and more on a mechanism undertheorized in feminist analyses of patriarchy and state dynamics—patrilineality. Patrilineality is commonly subsumed in feminist analyses of patriarchy, particularly in the study of the Middle East. Understood as kinship descent through the father's lineage, patrilineality is often conflated with patriarchy in societies in which both are present, resulting in the essentialization of patriarchy and a glossing of critical cultural differences in the gendering and aging of citizenship. While kinship in Lebanon has been fluid and Lebanese have mobilized both patrilineal and matrilineal principles of kinship as deemed necessary, the codification of rules of patrilineal descent in citizenship laws by the state has narrowed the spaces for negotiation for women and men, children and adults. By disaggregating patrilineality from patriarchy, this paper exposes a key substructure of patriarchy, significant to the gendering and aging of citizenship in Lebanon.