Principle Of Kinship Research Articles

"Pox on kindred:" The Anonymous Counterfeit Bridegroom (1677) and its Middletonian Source

"Pox on kindred:"The Anonymous Counterfeit Bridegroom (1677) and its Middletonian Source1 Jennie Challinor Appearing on stage and in print in 1677, but of unknown provenance, a disguised and revised yet still recognizable version of a nearly forgotten play, The Counterfeit Bridegroom exhibits a close but complicated kinship to Thomas Middleton's No Wit/Help Like a Woman's (1611, pub. 1657).2 While The Counterfeit Bridegroom's plot and structure is very close to that of Middleton's play, with large chunks of verbatim dialogue, the 1677 version is condensed, written with more polish, and includes a number of revisions and additions that serve to create a darker, colder tone than is found in the earlier work.3 The anonymous comedy, which has a tradition of being linked to Aphra Behn, has received little scholarly attention,4 but a close examination of the ways in which an old Middleton play was dusted off and transformed for a new era contributes to our understanding of the cultural, intellectual, and dramatic preoccupations of the Restoration playhouses. This article challenges Gerard Langbaine's dismissal in 1691 of Counterfeit Bridegroom as "only an Old Play of Middleton's,"5 demonstrating instead that the various modifications, both to text and to stagecraft, render it as much a product of 1677 as of its earlier Jacobean moment. The emotionally generous, at times sentimental, register of No Wit/Help Like a Woman's is revised into a darker play, in which familial bonds are frequently abused and dismissed. In both plays, families reunite, new unions are created, and relationships between characters are unsettled and reorganized into unexpected configurations. And yet, I will argue, in The Counterfeit Bridegroom the principles of kinship and kindness that ultimately underpin Middleton's play are replaced by the individualistic desires of characters who enact various cruelties and deceptions, many of which remain unexamined (if superficially resolved) by the play's end. This new focus privileges intellect over emotion, the individual [End Page 37] over community, and appetite over reason, resulting in a more threatening and dangerous vision of social and sexual interaction. After exploring the key differences between the plays and examining the creation of this more ruthless play world, I will concentrate on two specific areas in which The Counterfeit Bridegroom diverges from its source material: the expansion and intensification of the treatment of incest, and the introduction of an attempted rape in the final scene. These modifications alter the play's tone and through these intersecting themes, Middleton's comedy is twisted to bear the weight of transgressive (male) libertine desires that threaten to overwhelm social and moral convention. The Counterfeit Bridegroom's portrayal of intimate interactions and, particularly, its expanded treatment of incestuous feeling and the introduction of an act of sexual violence exposes a more brutal vision of society and the family than in Middleton. One character's dismissal of family—"Pox on kindred"—echoes throughout The Counterfeit Bridegroom, muddying the various attempts to establish likeness and affinity (4.1; p. 38). The wider effects of this Restoration remodelling become apparent through an exploration of the relationship—and especially the discontinuities—between the anonymous 1677 comedy and its Middletonian source: the starkest changes occur in the final act, where we find an entirely new scene of male revelry (5.2), which leads, thematically and structurally (with the utilisation of the Restoration discovery scene) into a final scene that begins with a threatened rape. These newly introduced elements also have implications for the later play's unknown authorship. By investigating Middleton's play's dramatic parenthood of Counterfeit Bridegroom, it is possible to unpick the specific interventions of the unknown Restoration dramatist, and I conclude by considering issues of adaptation, attribution, and the possible involvement of Aphra Behn. I examine internal evidence, particularly surrounding the treatment of the play's female characters, that complicates (even if it need not entirely frustrate) a possible ascription to Behn. Ultimately, I propose a more complex parentage for The Counterfeit Bridegroom than is usually assumed, one that acknowledges the complexities of a compositional process spanning nearly seventy years and the involvement of multiple playwrights and dramatic voices. The Counterfeit Bridegroom and...

EXTENDED BRAND TO INCREASE BRAND PREFERENCE: THE KEY TO COOPERATIVE SURVIVAL DURING PANDEMIC

According to Undang-Undang (UU) No. 25 of 1992, a cooperative is a business entity composed of individuals or cooperative legal entities. Its activities are based on the principle of cooperatives, and the peoples economic movement is based on the principle of kinship. In Indonesia, cooperatives have successfully become an organization occupying a special position in the structure of the national economy. The principle of kinship owned by cooperatives is a value adopted by the Indonesian people. In addition, as the formal sector in Indonesia, cooperatives are positively affected by their links with the informal sector this link helps the formal sector to solve financial, management and technical skills issues (Majundar and Borbora, 2014). The purpose of the study is to determine which variable is affecting brand preference of cooperative application. This could help cooperative application to improve and achieve more in the competitive market. The research method used in this study is non probability sampling on Surabaya and Jombang. The data processing analysis is using simple and multiple regression with SPSS 22.0 software. The results of this data processing will be conducted wih an in-depth discussion on the characteristic respondents such as gender both men and women, aged 18-60 years old, member of cooperative, have been shopping through mobile application for the last one year, and usually using internet in daily activities. The results of this study shows that there are four hypotheses which all of the hypotheses were accepted. The accepted hypotheses are brand familiarity has a positive effect on brand preference of extension brand with the coefficient regression is 0.233, brand evaluation has a positive effect on brand preference of extension brand with the coefficient regression is 0.702, brand offering has a positive effect on brand familiarity of extension brand with the coefficient regression is 0.881, and brand offering has a positive effect on brand evaluation of extension brand with the coefficient regression is 0.873.

Liquidity, Solvability, and Profitability Ratio Analysis towards Financial Performance

A cooperative is a collection of people with social characteristics who work together based on the principles of kinship and cooperation to advance the interests of cooperative members. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of BMT Projo Artha Sejahtera in Bantul by using financial ratios. The analytical method used in this research is a descriptive quantitative analysis using the measurement of liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios. The analytical tool used in paying short-term obligations by using the Current Ratio and Quick Ratio of the liquidity ratio. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that seen from the liquidity ratio, the Current Ratio and Quick Ratio have decreased every year. The increase in this ratio shows that the company is not performing well because the cooperative has not been able to pay its current obligations. Judging from the solvency ratio, the Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio and Total Debt to Equity Ratio has decreased. The decrease in this ratio indicates a good company performance because of the smaller financial risk. Judging from the profitability ratio, Return On Assets and Return On Equity also increased. The increase in this ratio indicates that performance is good because it is maximum in generating profits.

GENDER DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT SASAK: KAJIAN DEIKSIS GENDER DALAM BAHASA SASAK

The Sasak people recognize the concept of gender deixis in the sociocultural context of daily life. In daily interactions, the Sasak people need gender deixis in the context of kinship life, traditional life such as traditional rituals, and matters related to their livelihoods. The purpose of this study is to describe the form and meaning of gender deixis in the Sasak language in the sociocultural context of the life of the Sasak people in the context of their traditional traditions and livelihoods. The theory used in this research is the theory of McConnell-Ginet (1987) which reveals that in the lingual elements of language there is a realization of a gender perspective which shows and is embedded in the elements of self-concept, perception and outlook on life of men and women. This study uses a qualitative method with structured and unstructured participatory observation techniques, in-depth interviews with informants. The results of this study indicate that in the context of the socio-cultural life of the community, especially in traditional rituals and livelihoods, it is full of gender deixis which is realized in its lingual forms. Meaningfully, the lingual forms of gender deixis in the Sasak language refer to the sociocultural concepts and perspectives of men and women in Sasak society which reflect on the principles of kinship and respect, responsibility, deliberation and consensus and romanticism, strength and refinement.

Komunikasi Pemasaran Pengrajin Bambu Kreatif di Tasikmalaya

Tasikmalaya known as the centers of bamboo handicraft industry in West Java. It produces various products, from daily household equipment in the form of rough woven with low prices to creative bamboo products with high prices for the upper middle market. Products are distributed for domestic needs and demand of foreign buyers. This study reveals the marketing communication behavior of creative bamboo entrepreneurs in Tasikmalaya in developing a creative bamboo craft business. A qualitative method with a case study approach was used to obtain information about the behavior of bamboo handicraft entrepreneurs in Tasikmalaya in marketing their products. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with creative bamboo entrepreneurs who still actively running their businesses and willing to provide information about the businesses they are running. Data were also collected through non-participatory observations at the location and conducted a literature review and documents related to the research. Data analysis, data checking and validity of the data were conducted through Miles and Huberman's interactive data analysis concept. The results showed that the communication behavior conducted by creative bamboo entrepreneurs consisted of internal communication behavior and external communication behavior. Internal communication behavior is conducted on workers with the principle of kinship. Humanist approach is used to maintain production stability.The form of external communication behavior is tailored to whom they're being faced. Face-to-face communication and mediated communication are used in marketing bamboo handicraft products.

ANALISIS PENGARUH FAKTOR PRODUK PINJAMAN, PROSEDUR KREDIT DAN SUKU BUNGA KREDIT TERHADAP KEPUASAN ANGGOTA PADA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM SWA MITRA DI DEMAK

Abstract
 Currently the development of cooperatives is quite good. Many cooperatives are established both in the city center and in the regions. The existence of this cooperative is very helpful for its members or prospective members in fulfilling their daily needs. Cooperatives as one of the business entities that carry out activities based on cooperative principles as well as driving the people's economy based on the principle of kinship. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effect of Loan Products, Credit Procedures and Credit Interest Rates on the Satisfaction of Swa Mitra Cooperative Members in Demak.
 The research population is the active members of the cooperative, amounting to 564 and the specified sample is 85 people. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS.
 The results of the study indicate that Loan Products, Credit Procedures and Credit Interest Rates have a positive and significant influence. This is indicated by the positive value of the regression coefficient, t count which is greater than t table and the significant value for loan products, credit procedures and credit interest rates is less than 0.05.
 As a suggestion, one should be careful not to go too far from the interest rate set by Bank Indonesia, considering that interest rates have a major influence on the satisfaction of cooperative members.

The Inheritance Dispute Settlement In Court

The purpose of this study is regarding the settlement of inheritance law disputes, which is one of the reasons a person gets an inheritance, including marriage, blood relations, parents or close sibling relationships or because of testament. This has also been regulated in the provisions of the civil law code of the Civil Code B.W, because someone receives an inheritance because of a nashab/kinship relationship and because of marriage. Meanwhile, for the occurrence of inheritance, it is necessary to have the following elements: 1. The existence of a person who dies (erflater) The person who dies is the person who leaves the inheritance and is called the heir. 2. There are people who are still alive (erfgenaam) people who are still alive, namely people who according to the law or testament are entitled to inherit from the person who died. They are called: Heirs. 3. The existence of objects that are left behind (erftenis, nalatenschap) objects that are left behind are things that are left by the testator at the time of his death, which is called inheritance. The form of this inheritance can be in the form of Activa (receivables, bills) or Liabilities (debts). Problems regarding the distribution of inheritance have basically been regulated in the legal provisions in Indonesia. Both in the provisions of the civil code and in the provisions of the compilation of Islamic law. Where are the provisions regarding Islamic inheritance disputes whose dispute resolution authority is in the religious courts. As for people who are non-Muslims, the settlement process is in the state court. Where in its implementation it must be able to reflect a sense of justice, while still upholding the principle of kinship that applies in the social life of the community.

PENANGANAN PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH BERMASALAH DI BPRS AL FALAH BANYUASIN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

This study aims to determine (1) the inhibiting factors that affect the financing of problematic murabahah found at BPRS Al Falah Banyuasin during the covid-19 pandemic. (2) Handling problematic murabahah financing carried out at BPRS Al Falah Banyuasin during the covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative research type. This research is descriptive research. The population in this study were several employees and customers of BPRS Al Falah Banyuasin. The data analysis technique in this study uses a way of analyzing and assessing all relevant data and facts obtained from the selected object and quoting from generally accepted theories and provisions then from the results of the analysis the author tries to draw conclusions that represent the existing problems. The results of this study the authors conclude that: (1) The obstacles in murabahah financing at BPRS Al Falah Banyuasin are the ability to pay from customers, global economic conditions, human resources, customer character, completeness of documents or administration, and customer delays in paying installments. (2) Handling murabahah financing at BPRS Al Falah Banyuasin, namely billing on the principle of kinship, giving warnings or reprimands, rescheduling (Rescheduling), reconditioning, restructuring.

Role & Responsibility of Notaries as General Officers in Cooperative Registration through Online System

The position of a Notary as a General Officer has the authority to make an Authentic Deed. Cooperative is a business entity which is a people's economic movement and is based on the principle of kinship. Since the promulgation of PP No. 24 of 2018, the management of business licensing in Indonesia will be carried out electronically, so it must have a Cooperative Establishment Deed which is made online by a Cooperative Deed Maker Notary, who must then obtain ratification of the Cooperative Establishment Deed. The objectives in this research include To find out and analyze the Cooperative Legal Entity Registration Procedure through the online system in Kudus Regency, To find out and analyze the role and responsibilities of a Notary in registering a Cooperative Legal Entity through the online system in Kudus Regency in case of data entry errors. To find out and analyze the legal consequences of the roles and responsibilities of a Notary in the event of an error in data entry. Based on the research concluded the role and responsibility of a Notary related to the establishment of a Cooperative is to assist in providing related counseling and draw up the Deed of Establishment of the Cooperative. After the deed of establishment, the Notary will register the ratification of the Deed of Establishment of the Cooperative through AHU Online, because without such ratification, business actors, in this case the Cooperative, cannot access OSS to administer business licenses.

Role & Responsibility of Notaries as General Officers in Cooperative Registration through Online System

The position of a Notary as a General Officer has the authority to make an Authentic Deed. Cooperative is a business entity which is a people's economic movement and is based on the principle of kinship. Since the promulgation of PP No. 24 of 2018, the management of business licensing in Indonesia will be carried out electronically, so it must have a Cooperative Establishment Deed which is made online by a Cooperative Deed Maker Notary, who must then obtain ratification of the Cooperative Establishment Deed. The objectives in this research include To find out and analyze the Cooperative Legal Entity Registration Procedure through the online system in Kudus Regency, To find out and analyze the role and responsibilities of a Notary in registering a Cooperative Legal Entity through the online system in Kudus Regency in case of data entry errors. To find out and analyze the legal consequences of the roles and responsibilities of a Notary in the event of an error in data entry. Based on the research concluded the role and responsibility of a Notary related to the establishment of a Cooperative is to assist in providing related counseling and draw up the Deed of Establishment of the Cooperative. After the deed of establishment, the Notary will register the ratification of the Deed of Establishment of the Cooperative through AHU Online, because without such ratification, business actors, in this case the Cooperative, cannot access OSS to administer business licenses.

Probabilitas Pembayaran Kredit Tepat Waktu Mengggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes Pada Koperasi Serba Usaha Daruzzakah Rensing Lombok Timur

In general, the notion of a cooperative is a business entity that is owned and managed by its members. Meanwhile, multi-business cooperatives are cooperatives whose business activities are in various economic aspects such as savings and loans, production, consumption and services, which consist of people or cooperative legal entities by basing their business activities on the cooperative principle as well as a people's economic movement based on the principle of kinship. This research took place in one of the cooperatives in the village of Rensing, East Lombok, with the cooperative name "Daruzzakah". This cooperative is a multi-business cooperative with one type of activity is to provide savings and loans or credit to its members. The purpose of this cooperative is as an alternative means of borrowing money or credit as well as trying to prevent its members from loan sharks. However, in practice there are problems, namely the number of delays and credit payments that are not on time. Judging from the large number of customers who borrow funds, a strategy is needed to be able to fulfill all of these activities, the increasing number of prospective customers applying for credit with different economic conditions, requiring accuracy in making credit decisions. To avoid this, it should be necessary to analyze member data to determine the feasibility of providing credit, so that it can be classified as whether or not to get a loan. Data analysis can be done using data mining techniques. For this reason, the authors try to provide solutions to these problems by applying the naïve Bayes algorithm in predicting and determining creditworthiness. The Naive Bayes algorithm has been widely used by previous researchers and has high accuracy values. In this study, the Naive Bayes algorithm was used and resulted in an accuracy value of 96.45% with an AUC value of 0.942 which means it is a good classification.

Komunikasi Organisasi Pemimpin Dalam Membangun Kineja Aparatur di IAIN Pekalongan Tahun 2019-2020

The purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the leader communication has to the apparaturs in realizing the mission of the institution in IAIN Pekalongan. The method used is a qualitative field with a case study approach. The case study that the author is doing is intrinsic, the research will focus on organizational communication activities carried out by the leader to the apparatus in the IAIN Pekalongan environment. While data collection using sampling with data analysis study is holistic. Holistic analysis is needed by the writer to describe in detail the communications, the context of the communication, and the setting in which the communication takes place. The result of this research is that organizational communication is carried out on the principles of kinship and culture. This concept encourages the realization of harmonious conditions in the staffing environment of IAIN Pekalongan. Cultural principles are realized in the form of Asah, Asih, and Asuh between the leadership and the apparatus under them. These three principles appear in every formal and non-formal activity, including workshops, Trining, FGD, seminars, istighosah, autbond, dies natalis, and others. Meanwhile, the family principle is realized in daily interactions both in the office and outside the office. Organizational communication by the leader to the apparatus in the IAIN Pekalongan environment is able to encourage the realization of the institution's Vision and Mission.

Commodification Practices in the Begawe Sasak’s Lombok Tradition

The begawe tradition, which has become the popular culture of Sasaknese, has begun shifted by the consumption of mass cultures, such as catering services, the use of tools or begawe needs, starting to be replaced by industrial products for rent or sale. The forms of commodification in the begawe tradition, especially in begibung (eating together) and betulung (helping each other), two things that become the ‘aura’ of begawe. This difference can be seen from the shifting values, from the principle of kinship to individualism; of various equipment that is transformed and then commercialized. The new ethnography in this case study becomes the basis for examining the commodification practice in the begawe tradition, which switches to catering services and traditional equipment and replaces by modern equipment. The author, who is part of the Sasak community, also takes a participatory approach in begawe events held by the community. This shows that the alienation of popular culture in society cannot be contained by massive mass culture, so that people, which were initially established with high social values, began to form individualist societies that competed to show their social status. The consumption of signs/symbols has formed a society trapped in a pseudo-need that is unwittingly oppressive. Awareness to be critical and filter the mass culture needs a sphere for negotiation to return the spirit of the social community based on kinship interaction.

Relations as Potential

Abstract Across the Tibetan ethnographic region, not only marriage but kinship more broadly is formed, maintained and explained in heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory ways. Following studies of marriage, this article takes these myriad ways as forming a continuum of kinship principles and practices that can be foregrounded and backgrounded in different localities and at different times, in ways that both respond to and shape external and internal factors, concerns and forces. The aim of the article is to suggest a more nuanced model of Tibetan kinship and relatedness, in which houses, lineages and lateral kin, as well as assistance and trade networks, are understood in terms of flexibility, pragmatism and potentiality. The inherent flexibility of Tibetan marriage and kinship could be seen as the core organisational principle, forming what I call a kinship of potentiality.

Execution of Guarantee Confiscation by Islamic Financial Institutions without Litigation Process: A Case Study in Magelang

This study attempts to analyze the execution of guarantee confiscation of objects carried out by the Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS) in Magelang. This study uses a statutory approach (statue approach) which is descriptive qualitative by collecting data using the depth interview method. The results of this study indicate that the Islamic Financial Institutions in Magelang in the process of executing collateral do not use litigation, but non-litigation processes. Non-litigation processes used by Islamic Financial Institutions in Magelang is negotiation (consensus) amicably to execute the guarantee. The main reasons for using non-litigation processes, because it is cheap, simple, does not take time, and is friendly. From the findings of this study, the principle of kinship in negotition is still very important and useful for alternative dispute resolution (ADS)

Peran lembaga perkreditan desa bagi anggota pada masa pandemi Covid-19

This study analyzes the role of village credit institutions (in Indonesian is abberviated LPD) for members during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative phenomenological research. The research was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic due to observance of health protocols. Research data were collected from primary sources (research informants) with interview techniques, observation, and focus group discussion. The data collected was validated by triangulation of sources and methods. The data were then analyzed using the Spradly domain model analysis technique. The results of the study found three LPD roles for members during the Covid-19 pandemic as follows: (1) productive roles: financial solutions for members based on kinship principles; (2) the role of macro social responsibility: resources for the collective collective of members; (3) the role of micro social responsibility: resources for the needs of individual members.

Historical Review of The Origin of Pancasila as A Philosophical Basis for The Implementation of Pancasila Economic System

<p><em>The economic system is very important for a nation because it has two main functions, namely a guide to directing the economy and coordinating various economic activities carried out by economic actors with different preferences. This paper presents the Pancasila Economic System (read: SEP) as an economic system structured as a joint effort based on the principle of kinship. An important foundation in regulating and managing the national economy as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. By conducting a historical and philosophical review of the origins (ontology) of Pancasila which is the basis for thinking in formulating the epistemological and axiological foundations that should be the basis for implementing national economic development, this paper reveals that SEP is a “own system” that is uniquely Indonesian. A consensus from the founders of the state in realizing the ideals of independence, in order to create the greatest possible prosperity with all the people.</em></p>

Building a Website as a Learning Media at SMP Negeri 1 Gunung Tanjung, Tasikmalaya Regency

Cooperatives are institutions that run on the principle of kinship. Cooperative activities prioritize the welfare of their members and aim to increase the economic growth of the community. In the context of quality control and improvement, it is necessary to assess the health of cooperatives from both external and internal parties of the cooperative itself. So far, the health assessment of cooperatives and savings and loan units is still done manually. This affects decision making when viewed from the speed factor, calculations and the availability of supporting data. The results of this health assessment are the starting point for the community to give trust. With the health predicate rating system for savings and loan cooperatives and web-based savings and loan units, the officers and owners of cooperatives can provide a quick health assessment. The cooperative aspect is based on PerMen NO. 14/PER/M.KUKM/XII/2009 namely Capital, Assets, Management, Earning. Liquidity, Independence and growth and identity. This system generates cooperative health scores and predicates, dashboard information as a visualization of the assessment results, prints certificates and prints assessments

“He called their namesakes, the animals, from each direction”: Kinship and Animals in Indigenous Children’s Literature

“He called their namesakes, the animals, from each direction”: Kinship and Animals in Indigenous Children’s Literature Roxanne Harde (bio) Near the end of Chickadee, the fourth novel in Ojibwe writer Louise Erdrich’s Birchbark House series, Animikins despairs that he will never see his kidnapped eight-year-old son again. Believing that Chickadee’s twin, Makoons, will die from grief, “Animikins began to sing and play softly. He requested that the spirits enter the cabin. He asked them to gather around Makoons. He called their names, he called them out of each direction. He called their namesakes, the animals, from each direction” (189).1 His singing ties together the series’ many animal-centered narratives: stories from the oral traditional told by elders, comedic episodes, and highly charged scenes when the lives of the Ojibwe characters depend on animals, physically and/or spiritually. Notably, he sings from the cabin. Instead of the traditional birchbark houses in which he and his wife Omakayas, the lead character in the series’ first three novels, grew up, Animikins and his family now live in a cabin, signifying their forced migration from the northeastern lake region to the great plains. Animals, including those after whom his sons were named, contributed to the survival of this family and their community. Indigenous stories for children often uncover the meanings of animals and their intrinsic connections to their tribal context. The Birchbark House series offers a multiplicity of ways to think about animals in the terms of Ojibwe history, tradition, and culture. Ojibwe writer Basil Johnston notes that, Nothing is more graphic than the image of Nana’b’oozoo, half manitou, half human who symbolized all humankind, clinging to a makeshift raft and begging the animals to fetch a pawful of soil as a last, desperate measure to stave off death. Without the animals, he would die. With them, he lived. He ate; survived . . . and, in the end, restored the earth. The story exemplifies humankind’s relationship to the animals, a dependence that is absolute. (116) [End Page 230] And, of course, this dependence is about far more than physical need. The psychical, spiritual, communal, and medicinal dimensions of the dependence of human beings on animal beings are also absolute, and their meanings come through in many Indigenous books for children. While representations of animals in children’s books have long occupied scholars, I contend that traditional Euro-western approaches are not the best tools for understanding the meanings of animals in Indigenous literature. Cherokee writer Daniel Heath Justice notes that “Indigenous intellectual traditions have survived . . . because they’ve challenged” the dominant discourse, and those traditions should be used to understand Indigenous cultural production (“Go Away” 150). Seneca scholar Penelope Kelsey comments on the lack of engagement with Indigenous theory, the denial that “Native knowledges are legitimate,” and suggests that “Native American epistemologies and worldviews might be used for the purposes of reading Native texts in culturally appropriate ways” (4, 8). Over the past few decades, Indigenous scholars have built a robust body of Indigenous methodologies, and drawing on tribal interpretations of and relations with animals seems the appropriate way to analyze animals in texts like the Birchbark House series.2 Justice focuses on relationship as a key interpretive concept, arguing that “the principles of kinship can help us be more responsible and, ultimately, more useful participants in both the imaginative and physical decolonization and empowerment of indigenous peoples” (“Go Away” 149, 155). “At their best,” he argues, “relationships extend beyond the human to encompass degrees of kinship with other peoples” (“Go Away” 151). Conferring peoplehood on animals, Justice says that all the people are responsible for a community’s “survival through attention to their kinship rights and responsibilities” (“Go Away” 151, 152). Animikins’s song, calling on the animal namesakes of his sons, reflects these ideas of kinship and mutual responsibility. This article draws on Indigenous understanding of kinship to unpack the roles of animals in books for children written by Indigenous authors. As they translate original cultures into accessible stories for children, these writers embed traditional beliefs and narratives about animals. Animal stories, Johnston notes, often function as reclamation of Indigenous history and culture. At...

PERAN KOPERASI UNIT DESA (KUD) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KELOMPOK TANI DI DESA TANAH HABANG KANAN KECAMATAN LAMPIHONG KABUPATEN BALANGAN

Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD) were formed on the basis of common perceptions and farmers' needs for the ease of obtaining agricultural production facilities and infrastructure by basing their activities on the principles of cooperatives as well as as a people's economic movement based on the principle of kinship. In the future, the role of cooperatives in Indonesia is expected to remain even more important, especially in relation to being a vehicle for the development of the people's economy, however cooperatives will also face increasingly tough challenges. Globalization, socio-economic development of society and the development of cooperatives themselves will require cooperatives to be able to increase their business roles and functions if they do not want to be left out by other business actors. In KUD Tanah Habang Village, there was a problem of lack of community interest in becoming cooperative members, lack of training and information provided and insufficient stock of farming equipment needed. Based on the above, this study aims to determine the role of the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) in increasing the productivity of farmer groups in Tanah Habang Kanan Village, Kec. Lampihong Kab. Balangan, the obstacles faced by the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) in increasing the productivity of farmer groups in Tanah Habang Kanan Village, Kec. Lampihong Kab. Balangan and the Efforts Made to Improve the Village Unit Cooperative of Tanah Habang Kanan, Paringin District, Balangan Regency. The research approach used a qualitative approach. The results show that the role of KUD in Tanah Habang Kanan village is quite optimal even though there are some indicators that are still less than optimal, such as fulfilling the needs of farmers' tools, which are still lacking due to lack of coordination with the agricultural department, and lack of skills and training given to farmers. and cooperatives do not help in overcoming unemployment due to the lack of information on cooperative programs. The obstacles faced include: inadequate additional farming tools as well as inadequate skills development and training due to lack of coordination with the Department of Agriculture, as well as a lack of information or socialization so that there is still a minimum of enthusiasts. Efforts made in overcoming obstacles include: increasing the counseling carried out by the cooperative to the community, especially regarding cooperative programs in farming, and increasing coordination with the agriculture agency so that the role of cooperatives has more power.