Principles Of Community Participation Research Articles

Reconstruction of The Policy License for Tourism Businesses: Challenge and Opportunity for Social Welfare

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="AbstractText">The government's policy of revoking the authority of local governments to issue permits for the tourism business sector has caused chaos in the management and supervision of tourism businesses. This takeover of authority is closely related to the business licensing regulations regulated in the Omnibus Law. This research aims to determine the challenges and opportunities in licensing policy issues in the tourism sector that need reconstruction. The research method applied is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The Omnibus Law is the prominent rule that be analyzed. Meanwhile, the concepts of licensing, authority, and the principle of community participation are used as the basis for analyzing and reconstructing regulations. The results of this research show that there are challenges in reconstructing licensing regulations in the Omnibus Law due to differences in perspectives on licensing concepts between the central government and regional governments, which have implications for shifting the objectives of issuing permits and the transfer of authority to issue licenses that the regional government initially owned created chaos in the supervision of tourism business activities. Still, the opportunity in this policy reconstruction is that it is still possible to revise laws based on the principle of real participation with community involvement mechanisms that can influence the final results of policy decisions, as well as active collaboration between governments at the central, regional and regional levels, stakeholders and the community in developing the tourism sector which can realize social welfare.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

A Multisite Study on the Governance of Rural Labor-Intensive Programs Post Pandemic Covid -19

Good governance in implementing rural intensive projects is a necessity if you hope that project objectives can be achieved effectively and efficiently. Several indicators to measure good governance include: community participation, transparency and effectiveness. The aim of this research is to examine in depth the implementation of cash-intensive project governance and its indicators using a qualitative approach. This multisite research was conducted in Bening Village, Ngembat Village and Tawar Village, Gondang District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The sampling technique uses snowball sampling where existing subjects provide references to recruit the required sample. In this technique an individual subject provides information about only one other subject and then the chain continues with only one reference from one subject. This pattern is continued until the subjects available as samples are deemed to have met the requirements. The results of this research conclude that the principles of good governance have been implemented in village cash-intensive project activities. The principles of community participation, transparency, accountability and target accuracy have been implemented consistently in project governance. However, it is still found that the competence of project implementers is inadequate so that development work is not completed on time. For this reason, in order for cash-intensive projects to be on target, effective and on time, good and measurable management mechanisms are required.

Pengembangan Daerah Pesisir sebagai Objek Pariwisata di Kecamatan Bunobogu Kabupaten Buol

Botugolu Village, Bunobogu District, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, is one of the villages that has tourism potential that can have a positive impact on the development and progress of Buol Regency if a development strategy is carried out for this village. The development of tourist villages that have tourism potential is part of the vision and mission of the village head. This is very important to encourage the improvement of the community's economy. However, the obstacles in developing the tourism resources are the access road to the tourist attraction and the inadequate environmental conditions. This obstacle can be overcome through community participation that utilizes local potential to be able to jointly improve road access and care for the environment for the development of tourist villages. The principle of community participation is the main element in developing a tourist village launched by the local government. Thus, the Village Development KKNT program is very appropriate to be implemented to support local government programs through tourism development in improving the community's economy. The community service program to build the KKNT village, which will be implemented in Botugulo Village for two months, is expected to provide benefits for formulating village government activity program policies for the development of tourism villages based on the Village SDGs. In addition, it can improve the community's economy so that it requires community participation in the development of tourist villages. The output of this KKNT is increasing community knowledge and being able to innovate based on the results of lecturer service to improve people's living standards according to the achievement of SDGs, the existence of village policy formulations that include achieving SDGs targets related to Village Care for the Environment and Community Economic Improvement and the existence of community groups that are responsive to the potential of tourism villages and the economy of the community as well as environmental care groups.

ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN WISATA ALAM AIR TERJUN WIDURI SEBAGAI KAWASAN EKOLOGI PARIWISATA

Widuri Waterfall has its own uniqueness compared to other tourist attractions in Grobogan. The natural nature of the Widuri Waterfall is the main attraction for visitors. This study aims to explore how the development of ecotourism in the Widuri waterfall area has applied the principles of ecotourism or not. This research is included in the field research, with a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and literature study. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is found that in tourism development every year holding environmental conservation activities, every tree around the tourism is given a name and its benefits, then tourism development has also involved the role of the local community. It can be concluded that the development of Widuri waterfall tourism has met the requirements of the principles of eco-friendly tourism development, namely the existence of the principle of conservation, the principle of education, the principle of tourism, the principle of economics and the principle of community participation. Researchers suggest to managers to continue to evaluate continuously in the development of ecotourism Widuri waterfall so as not to disturb and damage the function of the natural environment around the Widuri waterfall area. With this research, it is hoped that tourism managers will continue to pay attention to the principles of tourism development based on the principles of ecological development. Keywords: Development, Ecotourism, Waterfall

Burden of upper respiratory tract infections in primary care facilities and excessive antimicrobial over-prescription: A community-oriented primary care project in rural Kenya.

During their community oriented primary care (COPC) rotation in rural coastal Kenya, residents of the Family Medicine programme at the Aga Khan University–Nairobi, identified a high burden of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in the dispensaries with high prescription of antimicrobials (AMs) in over 80% of the patients presenting with URTI. An interactive participatory education intervention, designed based on principles of community participation and capacity building, reduced AM prescription in the under 5-year age group with 44% in the 2 weeks after the intervention, and with 18% at week 8 and 9. In the over 5-year age group, this was reduced with 18% and 8%, respectively. Key challenges for upholding AM stewardship after the intervention included the high patient workload in the clinics, difficulties in addressing patient’s concerns regarding the prognosis, inaccessibility to ingredients for home therapies, and easy availability of AMs without prescription at local chemists. Interventions addressing improper prescription at the facility level should include provision of continuous training, including communication training, for health facility staff, as well as audits on prescription practices. Collaboration with Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) can help in increasing community awareness on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study demonstrates the value of family physicians in clinical governance and improving the quality of care through implementation of guidelines and training. Joint action with the Kilifi county Ministry of Health and the private sector is needed to address mal-regulated access to AMs beyond health facility control.

Low Carbon Exploration in Urban Revitalization in Yangzhou Old City Project

Low-carbon and ecological city and sustainable conservation of historic urban areas are issues that need to be addressed in current urban development in China. Based on the principles of community participation, local adaptive technology and cost-benefit balance, Nanhexia Low-carbon Community Project in Yangzhou proposed holistic strategies and solutions to achieve low-carbon community by means of low-carbon planning, low-carbon transportation, energy efficiency of building, low-carbon behavior, and greening in open space. The project innovatively integrated low carbon concepts into regeneration of old city, combined traditional architectural styles with modern green technologies, and won the first platinum award of LEED Homes in China. The experience of the project may provide reference for the regeneration of other communities or other similar projects in old cities.

The Implementation Of The Community Based Tourism Concept In Cultural Heritage Management As A Tourist Attraction In Batuan Village Temple Gianyar Bali

<p>Community-based tourism is the concept of tourism development by prioritizing the active participation of the community with the aim of providing welfare for them while maintaining environmental quality, and protecting their social and cultural life. One of the legacies of Bali's cultural heritage which is also used as a tourist attraction is Batuan Village Temple which is located in Batuan Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. This study examines three problems, namely: (1) How is the application of the concept of <em>community-based tourism</em> in managing cultural heritage as a tourist attraction in Batuan Temple?; (2) What factors support the application of the concept of community based tourism in the management of cultural heritage as a tourist attraction in Batuan Village Temple?; and (3) What is the model of <em>community based tourism</em> in cultural heritage management as a tourist attraction in Batuan Village Temple?. This research is a qualitative research method of collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants in this study were selected by <em>purposive sampling</em> method. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, qualitatively, and interpretatively. </p><p>The results showed that the management of cultural heritage of Batuan Village Temple as a tourist attraction has applied the four principles of <em>community based tourism</em>, those are; the principle of community participation; principles of nature conservation; the principle of the local economy; and socio-cultural conservation principles. The factors that support the application of the concept of <em>community based tourism</em> in Batuan Village include: tourism potential owned by Batuan Village, the aspirations of the villagers of Batuan Village, the synergy among tourism stakeholders in Batuan Village, the support of the Gianyar Regency Government, and social capital owned by villagers of Batuan Village. The management model of Batuan Temple as a pure tourist attraction is managed by the villagers of Batuan Village by applying the principles of community-based tourism in order to achieve common expectations, namely the welfare of the residents of Batuan Village and to realize the sustainable tourism development.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Parks’ Governance and Management in Rwanda: Opportunities and Challenges of the Community Participation for a Sustainable Conservation - Case Study of Nyungwe National Park

In the field of conservation, the shift from the fortress conservation approach towards participatory management has considerably increased the interest for tourism activities and income. In Rwanda, the protected areas governance system is promoting community-based conservation through tourism revenue sharing to achieve conservation and development goals. The case study was designed to: (1) assess the understanding and implementation of principles of community participation by different stakeholders for the benefit of local communities and the efficiency of the conservation and (2) define interactive dynamics and conditions created for fully and sustainably population involvement in the conservation. The study area was selected because of its rich biodiversity and the high dependence of surrounding populations on natural resources. The study adopted a qualitative approach based on semi-structured individual interviews to key stakeholders from different categories of stakeholders including local communities. The data collected were transcribed, translated and analyzed using content analysis methods, MAXQDA Software and a coding system. The results showed that the involvement and empowerment of local people are done through keen activities based cooperative associations and funded projects, reference made to resources use, awareness raising and skills for interactions, cooperative spirit promotion and entrepreneurship. They indicated that the level of communities’ participation remains only of procedural kind and is still low though community members are benefiting of jobs, loans for their projects and income generating activities such as organized productions for market thanks to tourism revenue sharing and revolving fund programs. The transfer of the management is slow and smooth because of a slow change of mindset from receiving mentality, farming related difficulties, unaffordable lending conditions and a great deal of communication and misunderstanding on the tourism revenue sharing and the projects funding approaches. Contradictory understandings and appreciations of the community participation are recorded according to the categories of stakeholders. Actually, all the administrative and technical processes including mediation between communities and funding agencies are driven through a top-down management model; the study area being a state owned and controlled park and not a co-managed one. Though local communities gradually understand the role of the park thanks to income generating activities and community projects, the new approach does not meet basic criteria for effective community participation to ensure the sustainability of the conservation. However, the socio-economic incentives have a positive impact on the reduction of illegal activities and threats, except poaching for which a compensation fund for damaged crops was created.

Pengembangan Potensi Pantai Lovina Sebagai Ekowisata Pesisir Di Desa Kalibukbuk, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali

The gap in tourism development in the province of Bali is still very large that is between the northern part of Bali and southern Bali. the right tourism development on the coast of North Bali is ecotourism, an area that has the potential to be developed inti an ecotourism attraction is Lovina Beach. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of resources and to know the development of resources that support coastal ecotourism in Lovina Beach. 
 The research method used is comparative descriptive method. Where in this method will be compared between ecotourism principles such as principles of nature and culture conservation, principles of community participation, economic principles, education principles, and tourism principleswith existing tourism resourcesat Lovina Beachto obtain ecotourism development plan in Lovina Beach. 
 The main result of this research is there are four tourism resources that can be developed into ecotourismat Lovina Beach, including attraction of dolphin, marine park ecosystem, “genjek” performance and Lovina Festival. Ecotourism product development refers to several ecotourism criteria, including the principles of nature and culture conservation, principles of community participation, economic principles, education principles, and tourism principles. 
 As for suggestion that can be given to the local community is to contribute more actively in preserving marine ecosystems, for government and investors involved are expected to give more attention to conservation of ecological environment and marine park in Lovina Beach as an ecotourism product. 
 
 Keywords : Development, Coastal Ecotourism, Resources, Lovina Beach

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PEOPLE PARTICIPATION PRINCIPLE IN PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON ROCK QUARRY EFFORT IN DONGGALA REGENCY

This writing intends to know the application of the principle of community participation in environmental protection and management of rock mining in Donggala Regency and supporting factors of community participation in environmental protection and management of the rock mining business. Through empirical legal research methods, The data analysis used is qualitative. The results of this study indicate that: first, the principle of community participation in environmental protection and management of rock mining in Donggala Regency is still low. And secondly, the supporting factor of community participation in the protection and environmental management of the rock mining business in Donggala regency is local government, non-governmental organizations, community education and facilities / infrastructure.

The Success of Putting Good Governance into Practice of the Local Administrative Organizations in Central Region of Thailand

This research aimed to study the success of putting good governance into practice of the local administrative organizations in central region, Thailand. The researcher team collected data by reviewing related literature, proceeding in-depth interview, and conducting a focus group interview with the sample group. The findings revealed that the factors which affect the success of putting good governance into practice of the local administrative organizations in central region consisted of the factors of organization, the factors of administration, and the factors of supports. In addition, the guidelines for developing the local administrative organizations to gain stability and sustainability were 1) developing the ability of administrative management, 2) using the principles of community participation, and applying administrative decentralization.

Towards sustainability in village health care in rural Cameroon

SUMMARY The Life Abundant Programme (LAP), a churchsponsored primary health care project in rural Cameroon, was founded on the principles of community participation and self-reliance. Beginning in 1980 in four villages, the project is now active in 40 Primary Health Centres and 14 Integrated Health Centres. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the sustainability of the first 16 LAP-associated Primary Health Centres after 17 years of field practice, and to share lessons learned from that experience. After 9 years, 13 (81%) communities were active; and after 17 years, 14 (87.5%) were active. Village factors contributing to sustainability include community management of their own health programs, community financial self-reliance, village integrity in money management, annual continuing education for all health workers, and continuing support by Project staff. Factors contributing to sustainability at the Integrated Health Centre level are: receipt of adequate fees from patient curative services; the clinical expertise of health workers as well as their positive relationships with the community people; and continuing medical and LAP support. At the Project Administrative level, factors include adequate staffing, a close working relationship with government health authorities, and financial support from within the country as well as continuing donor agency support from outside. At all levels of LAP activity, commitment to the Biblical philosophy of love, compassion and integrity contribute to sustainability.

La perception de professionnels de santé publique face à deux dimensions de la promotion de la santé: approche écologique et participation

The aim of this paper is to explore public health professionals' perceptions regarding two dimensions of the new health promotion movement: the ecological approach and the principle of community participation. Data were collected by focus-groups of public health professionals (n = 22) in one Public Health Directorate in Québec. Results indicate a fair degree of integration of these two dimensions into the respondents' professional practice. However, limitations related to the work environment and to the theoretical underpinnings of these two components might impede the respondents' ability to integrate them into their practice.

La perception de professionnels de santé publique face à deux dimensions de la promotion de la santé : approche écologique et participation

The aim of this paper is to explore public health professionals' perceptions regarding two dimensions of the new health promotion movement: the ecological approach and the principle of community participation. Data were collected by focus-groups of public health professionals (n = 22) in one Public Health Directorate in Québec. Results indicate a fair degree of integration of these two dimensions into the respondents' professional practice. However, limitations related to the work environment and to the theoretical underpinnings of these two components might impede the respondents' ability to integrate them into their practice.

Do local inhabitants want to participate in community injury prevention?: a focus on the significance of local identities for community participation.

During the 1980s the community became the object of new interest and enthusiasm among many health promotion practitioners and researchers, and the principle of community participation was put on the research agenda. However, recent evaluations of major community health promotion programs have questioned the value of community interventions. This paper argues that the community level need not be of less importance in future health promotion initiatives. It is discussed whether the cultural dimension and the significance of local identities, neglected in most community health promotion programs, should receive more attention when local inhabitants are invited to participate in health promotion or disease prevention activities. Results from a study of injury prevention projects in small Norwegian municipalities indicate that the inhabitants' identification with local spatial subarenas might play an important role when they decide to become involved in injury prevention. Contemporary sociological approaches to the community, focusing on developments of local identities in processes of globalization, have formed a theoretical frame of reference in this study.

Understanding community participation: a health programme in the Philippines

The principle of community participation is so well recognized in international health circles that no declaration about primary health care is made without it. Yet in actually planning and implementing programs it is very difficult to find clear ways of following this principle. This paper analyzes the concrete aspects of community participation in the Munoz-community based health program a small non- government health program funded by Missionary Medical Actions (MEMISA - the Netherlands) and established in Munoz Nueva Ecija the Philippines. The program started as a parish-based charity clinic with a policy of free consultations and medicines but underwent a gradual evolution towards a mother and child health (MCH) program with a growing emphasis on the participation of the pregnant mothers and community health workers (CHWs) in the villages. The sponsoring agency staff members and CHWs agreed to strive for financial independence by the year 1990- 91. This would require better cooperation with the Rural Health Unit (the government public health sector) at the program level and a higher degree of community participation at the level of the community if the MCH-program was to be maintained after the discontinuation of external financial support. An intensive debate among staff members and CHWs revealed a lack of clear understanding of the concept of community participation. Specifically the absence of an insurance to assess the process of community participation resulted in a vague and unsatisfactory analysis of the situation. Recently an analytical framework for such an analysis has been developed which focuses on participation as a process enabling an assessment of participation to go beyond the limits of a merely quantitative analysis. It appears to be a useful instrument for analyzing community participation describing what has been achieved and identifying some of the elements that influenced this process. We have applied this framework retrospectively to our program examining the organization of the communities taking a needs assessment assessing resource mobilization and investigating management involvement of the community with self-management as a goal. (authors modified)