Principles Of Collective Action Research Articles

Sharing the gains in forest management: Insights from the application of principles of collective action

Aim of study: To analyze the factors that motivate the sharing of a contribution to a common pool resource (CPR).Area of study: We obtained data from Galicia communal forests during 2013-2014. Material and methods: A survey among forest owners in which questions about decisions, mimicking those in public good games, were included. In addition, the compliance with the principles of collective action (PCA), and their implications in the management of CPR were tested.Main results: PCA are not functioning perfectly in our sample of communal forest owners. In line with previous literature, results suggest that individuals are willing to share an important amount of endowment in a CPR. Examining the role that PCA play in individuals’ decisions, it was observable that when owners face the sharing of an endowment, the monitoring, conflict resolution mechanism and minimal recognition of rights imply more cooperative results. Current communal forests should promote a better application of these PCA in order to obtain a more cooperative behavior from their members.Research highlights: Communal forest owners are quite generous according to the results obtained. In addition, it has also been found that the endowment is an important factor to consider, while social aspects represented through the PCA also matter when explaining sharing decisions. The present study may be useful in order to promote stronger cooperation in local communities.

Leadership as Important Factor for Agricultural Development in Albania

An important challenge for the development of the Albanian agriculture remains the small surface and farm fragmentation. A chance for enhance with a sustainable impact is the agriculture development based on the principles of collective action. The objective of the study is measurement of the importance of leadership perceived by farmers and farmers’ willingness to cooperate among main agricultural activities in Albania. The study will investigate farmers in two important agricultural sectors – vegetable production in greenhouses and apple production. Study measures the impact of leadership as a factor which increases farmers’ potential for collective action, illustrated by vegetable producers in greenhouses and apple producers. Results of the research show that leadership is an important factor for development of collective action in Albanian agriculture. The results are especially important for agricultural sectors of vegetable production in greenhouses and apple production, but they can also be useful for undeveloped agricultural regions. Promotion of leadership in farming communities will have benefits beyond agriculture by promoting good management and maintenance of common resources.

The Challenges of Collective Action for Olive Growers in Albania

Despite a considerable increase of surfaces with new olive cultivars during last two decades in Albania, the yields have not followed the expected trend. Participation of farmers in common activities would have benefits for costs cutting and efficiency as well as for the commons in a broader economic and social aspect. An opportunity for reducing costs and increasing farmers' income is the organization of farmer’s production by the principles of collective action. The research objective is to find factors affecting the olive growers (farmers) participation in collective actions in Berat area, the second largest olive production area in Albania. A questionnaire was designed in order to measure several variables. Interviewing took place from October 2015 to February 2016. Education, access to markets, income and leadership have statistical significance and influence olive producer’s participation in activities based on collective action. The research results can be useful to policymakers, public bodies and researchers. The fact that with farm size increase, decrease the possibility of farmer’s participation in collective action activities is important finding that helps in understanding the critical financing limits and optimization of the public funds used in creation of public policies.

Leadership as Important Factor for Agricultural Development in Albania

An important challenge for the development of the Albanian agriculture remains the small surface and farm fragmentation. A chance for enhance with a sustainable impact is the agriculture development based on the principles of collective action. The objective of the study is measurement of the importance of leadership perceived by farmers and farmers’ willingness to cooperate among main agricultural activities in Albania. The study will investigate farmers in two important agricultural sectors – vegetable production in greenhouses and apple production. Study measures the impact of leadership as a factor which increases farmers’ potential for collective action, illustrated by vegetable producers in greenhouses and apple producers. Results of the research show that leadership is an important factor for development of collective action in Albanian agriculture. The results are especially important for agricultural sectors of vegetable production in greenhouses and apple production, but they can also be useful for undeveloped agricultural regions. Promotion of leadership in farming communities will have benefits beyond agriculture by promoting good management and maintenance of common resources.

Leadership as Important Factor for Agricultural Development in Albania

An important challenge for the development of the Albanian agriculture remains the small surface and farm fragmentation. A chance for enhance with a sustainable impact is the agriculture development based on the principles of collective action. The objective of the study is measurement of the importance of leadership perceived by farmers and farmers’ willingness to cooperate among main agricultural activities in Albania. The study will investigate farmers in two important agricultural sectors – vegetable production in greenhouses and apple production. Study measures the impact of leadership as a factor which increases farmers’ potential for collective action, illustrated by vegetable producers in greenhouses and apple producers. Results of the research show that leadership is an important factor for development of collective action in Albanian agriculture. The results are especially important for agricultural sectors of vegetable production in greenhouses and apple production, but they can also be useful for undeveloped agricultural regions. Promotion of leadership in farming communities will have benefits beyond agriculture by promoting good management and maintenance of common resources.

The Challenges of Collective Action for Olive Growers in Albania

Despite a considerable increase of surfaces with new olive cultivars during last two decades in Albania, the yields have not followed the expected trend. Participation of farmers in common activities would have benefits for costs cutting and efficiency as well as for the commons in a broader economic and social aspect. An opportunity for reducing costs and increasing farmers' income is the organization of farmer’s production by the principles of collective action. The research objective is to find factors affecting the olive growers (farmers) participation in collective actions in Berat area, the second largest olive production area in Albania. A questionnaire was designed in order to measure several variables. Interviewing took place from October 2015 to February 2016. Education, access to markets, income and leadership have statistical significance and influence olive producer’s participation in activities based on collective action. The research results can be useful to policymakers, public bodies and researchers. The fact that with farm size increase, decrease the possibility of farmer’s participation in collective action activities is important finding that helps in understanding the critical financing limits and optimization of the public funds used in creation of public policies.

The Challenges of Collective Action for Olive Growers in Albania

Despite a considerable increase of surfaces with new olive cultivars during last two decades in Albania, the yields have not followed the expected trend. Participation of farmers in common activities would have benefits for costs cutting and efficiency as well as for the commons in a broader economic and social aspect. An opportunity for reducing costs and increasing farmers' income is the organization of farmer’s production by the principles of collective action. The research objective is to find factors affecting the olive growers (farmers) participation in collective actions in Berat area, the second largest olive production area in Albania. A questionnaire was designed in order to measure several variables. Interviewing took place from October 2015 to February 2016. Education, access to markets, income and leadership have statistical significance and influence olive producer’s participation in activities based on collective action. The research results can be useful to policymakers, public bodies and researchers. The fact that with farm size increase, decrease the possibility of farmer’s participation in collective action activities is important finding that helps in understanding the critical financing limits and optimization of the public funds used in creation of public policies.

Evaluating the fulfillment of the principles of collective action in practice: A case study from Galicia (NW Spain)

We analyze the type of communal forest owners' management practices through a survey in Northern Spain. In particular, we test whether the Principles of Collective Action (PCA) postulated by Ostrom (1990) are being followed in a sample of communal forests. Second, we study whether such principles derive in better forest management practices and conservation outcomes. Our results show that PCA are not perfectly fulfilled in our sample, showing a clear room for improvement. However, we have also found that in areas where their application is more predominant, forest owners have better management practices. Specifically, we have found a negative relationship between the fulfillment of PCA and the number of forest fires in our sample, while considering other socio-economic and control variables.

Transnational cooperation: an issue-based approach

1. Transnational Cooperation 2. Principles of Collective Action and Game Theory 3. Market Failure and Collective Action 4. Transnational Public Goods: Taxonomy, Institutions, and Subsidiarity 5. Sovereignty, Leadership, and US Hegemony 6. Foreign Aid and Global Health 7. International Trade 8. Global Finance 9. Transnational Crime: Drugs and Money Laundering 10. Political Violence: Civil Wars and Terrorism 11. Rogue and Failed States 12. Environmental Cooperation 13. Conclusion

The History of Art - Lessons in Mediation

Summary: The relevance of mediation in social science is that it questions the relationship between principles of collective action and the role of objects. The example of art history shows how an analysis can focus on the opacity of mediators, without making them the vehicles of an all-embracing cause, or the instruments of goals or of external reasons. The restitution of necessary intermediaries of art, initiated by social history as a critical denunciation of the relationship between aesthetic subjects and objects, or of the scholarly accumulation by art history, has converged towards the idea of a collective production of the world of art by its actors. The analysis of mediation must therefore consider the same aspects ,from individuals and institutions to frameworks of perception, through material elements and even the finest details of works of art and their production. It is thus able to close the gap that has so destructively separated social analyses of the conditions of art front aesthetic or semiotic analyses of the 'works in themselves'.

L'histoire de l'art : leçons sur la médiation

The relevance of mediation in social science is that it questions the relationship between principles of collective action and the role of objects. The example of the history of art shows how an analysis can emphasize the opacity of mediators, without making of them the vectors of an overhanging cause, the instruments of goals or of external reasons. The restitution of necessary intermediaries of art, started as a critical denunciation of the relationship between aesthetic subjects and objects by social history, or of the erudite accumulation by the history of art, has converged towards the idea of a collective production of the world of art by its actors. An analysis must therefore consider the same mediations, from humans and institutions to frameworks of perception, to material elements, and even the finest details of art works and their production. It is thereby able to close the disastrous gap that has separated social analyses of the conditions of art and aesthetic or semiotic analyses of the "works themselves".