Principle Of Restraint Research Articles

Least restraint principle in hospital care

Least restraint principle in hospital care

Further Analysis of Evading Investigation Behavior

Article 88 of the Criminal Law of China establishes two major termination grounds for the statute of limitations for prosecution. Among them, the debate on "evading investigation or trial" is particularly lengthy and has not been effectively resolved, which affects the correct and unified implementation of the law and is not conducive to the development of the modernization of the Chinese style rule of law. The vitality and value of law lie in its implementation and application. For the judicial determination of "evading investigation", a judgment and interpretation of the value orientation of equity should be made based on textual and systematic explanations. The "expansion theory" and "extreme expansion theory" have elevated the legislative intent of the statute of limitations for prosecution, which is suspected of violating the criminal law and the principle of restraint in criminal law. The theory of limitation also faces the problem of self consistency in system interpretation. The determination of "evading investigation" should correctly handle the "investigation defense relationship", clarify the legal constituent elements of "evading investigation", distinguish the determination of joint crimes, and adhere to the interpretation position of following the criminal judicial value order, the judicial concept of putting the people at the center, and the objective and fair obligation of prosecutors.

The Mainstreaming Policy of Religious Moderation Education in West Sulawesi Province

This research is oriented to describe and elaborate on the mainstreaming policy of religious moderation on education in West Sulawesi Province, which the government is currently reviewing through the Ministry of Religion Affairs. The study conducted qualitative methods with specific data collection. It analyzed the instruments and found that the informants, consisting of educators and religious figures, deeply understood religious moderation based on the al-Qur'an and hadith, which emphasized Islam as a moderate religion. The principle of restraint (Wasathiyyah) in Islam is, in fact, equivalent to the direction or value of religious moderation programmed by the current government. Then, religious moderation is to be implemented in education. In that case, some components should be prepared carefully to avoid overlapping or duplicating with other programs. For example, several implementation models, with their respective advantages and disadvantages, include autonomous, integrative, collaborative, and enrichment models in education. In addition, what is also very urgent to formulate is the right curriculum, tools and learning designs, and competencies of educators, including an assessment tool which, of course, is more oriented towards attitudes and behavior no longer trapped in the pathology of learning that has been ongoing, more focused on fulfilling the cognitive domain.

Military cooperation of Russia with the Syrian Arab Republic as an instrument of the Russia's New Middle East Policy (2000-2008)

The article examines the key aspects of military-technical cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Syrian Arab Republic in the first two terms of Vladimir Putin's tenure as President of Russia. Relations between Moscow and Damascus in the sphere of arms and special equipment supplies are considered in the general context of the updated foreign policy of the Russian Federation, initiated by Vladimir Putin, and which implied, among other things, the return of Russia's position as an active geopolitical player in the Middle East. Having long-standing political and economic ties with Moscow, Syria was rightly considered by the Russian leadership as the most suitable ally in solving the task mentioned above. Analyzing the history of supplies to Syria of the main articles of Russian military products, the author comes to the conclusion that during the period under review, Moscow managed to lay a new solid foundation for bilateral relations, even though it had to be done to a certain extent with an eye to the position of other regional players and, above all, the countries of the collective West. When building its political course towards the SAR in the period under review, the Kremlin adhered primarily to the principle of restraint and pragmatism, taking into account the realities of international relations in the Middle East region and setting as its main goal the counteraction of the hegemonic claims of the United States, which sought to turn this already conflictogenic point of the planet into a zone of "controlled chaos".

Restraining Police Use of Lethal Force and the Moral Problem of Militarization

I defend the view that a significant ethical distinction can be made between justified killing in self-defense and police use of lethal force. I start by opposing the belief that police use of lethal force is morally justified on the basis of self-defense. Then I demonstrate that the state’s monopoly on the use of force within a given jurisdiction invests police officers with responsibilities that go beyond what morality requires of the average person. I argue that the police should primarily be concerned with preserving public safety. As a consequence, police have additional moral permissions to use lethal force. But this also means that the principle of restraint is inherent to the policing function and therefore police are obliged to go to greater lengths to avoid killing. I concede that the just use of police force can be made difficult in extreme situations such as a mass riot. In such cases, police should take proportionate actions necessary to protect the lives of inhabitants by restoring order, which might include calling on military support. I conclude with a cautionary note opposing militarization of the policing role.

Study on zero-mode inrush current characteristics and its influence on protection under sympathetic interaction

When the transformer is energized, the three-phase inrush current with the zero-mode component named zero-mode inrush current (ZMIC) will be generated due to the inconsistent saturation of the three-phase iron core. The on-site waveform record demonstrates that the ZMIC with a large amplitude and very slow attenuation is generated, and it leads to the malfunction of the line zero-sequence backup protection. To explain the mechanism of the uncommon phenomenon and prevent the protection malfunction, this paper investigates the ZMIC characteristics under sympathetic interaction and its impaction on the protection of the upstream line. First, a zero-mode equivalent circuit that can reflect the transformer winding arrangement structure and sympathetic interaction is proposed for mechanism analysis. It explores that the “complementary effect” between the zero-mode potential causes the slow attenuation of the ZMIC of the line. Then, the simulation in the case of the on-site protection malfunction is implemented to discover that the sympathetic interaction is the main reason for the protection malfunction on-site. Moreover, the further simulation analysis also reveals sympathetic interaction may lead to the long-delay zero-sequence backup protection malfunction of the upstream line of the operating transformer. Furthermore, the inrush current restraint principle based on the second and third harmonics of ZMIC is discussed to improve the anti-malfunction performance of protection.

Update on the management of orbitozygomatic fractures

Orbitozygomatic fractures are an important aspect of facial trauma. Although the literature in maxillofacial surgery is rich on the question, this article resulting from the experience of a maxillofacial surgeon brings additional data in the knowledge of the subject. This is particularly the case with regard to the principles of examination, the pathways first, the principles of restraint and osteosynthesis, and the various surgery-related complications, as well as the precautions to be adopted to minimize them. The most important thing to remember is that the management approach is often variable, and the right choice is summed up in the clinical perception and level of expertise and comfort of the surgeon, while also considering the patient's point of view.

Talking Colour: Remembering the Eastmancolor Revolution

This video essay is a response to the journal’s call for work that considers the intersection of ideology, technology and aesthetic histories. The essay explores the story of Eastmancolor in Britain by contrasting and comparing the experiences of three areas of industry work affected by Eastmancolor film stock: cinematographers, laboratory staff, and archivists. The discourse that emerges from the interplay of these interviews shows how films and practices were affected when Eastmancolor offered a challenge to the prevailing principles of restraint and realism within British cinema. Specifically, the essay considers the industrial and aesthetic politics that emerged when Eastmancolor began to challenge the Technicolor monopoly; the efforts of cinematographers, directors and laboratories to explore and control the aesthetic opportunities this new film stock offered; and the digital technologies being utilised to unlock the now-faded status of many of those Eastmancolor productions. From industry politics and aesthetic challenges to ethical debates around the use of digital tools to produce an ‘authentic’ chromatic record and claims of ownership of the ‘accurate’ version of a film, the essay uses the voices of industry workers to offer a different and potent perspective on colour as a disruptive force within British national cinema. This videographic work was produced as part of the AHRC-funded project ‘The Eastmancolor Revolution and British Cinema, 1955-85’.

上诉请求拘束原则的误识及应对

上诉请求拘束原则的误识及应对

Deliberative Democracy, Diversity, and Restraint

Public reason liberals disagree about the relationship between public justification and deliberative democracy. My goal is to argue against the recent suggestion that public reason liberals seek a ‘divorce’ from deliberative democracy. Defending this thesis will involve discussing the benefits of deliberation for public justification as well as revisiting public reason’s standard Rawlisan restraint requirement. I criticize Kevin Vallier’s alternative convergence-based principle of restraint and respond to the worry that the standard Rawlsian restraint requirement reduces the likelihood of public justification by limiting the diversity of inputs into the justificatory process.

A Rule of Law Approach to the Division of Authority of Office in China

Making the authority of office of government at all levels more standardized and law-based is an important step in the process of deepening financial reform and establishing fiscal and taxation systems governed by law. To do so, China needs to clarify further the legal division of authority of government at every level and protect and promote its exercise through legal mechanisms. Governments are given powers so that they may effectively protect citizens’ basic interests. On the premise of clarifying the boundaries of government functions, we should use legal means and observe the principle of restraint in determining the scope of authority of office. The criteria for the division have both economic and legal aspects. Economic criteria are more basic; legal criteria make adjustments to the pattern of division derived from economic criteria. The authority of office can be divided into legislative supervision and enforcement. The current legal system allocates powers of legislative supervision quite rationally, but supervision of judicial powers in particular should be appropriately centralized. In terms of enforcement, some space is left for the division of administrative powers in the current system, and there is quite obvious homogeneity of powers between different levels of government. The legal division of authority of office requires that basic principles be stipulated in the Constitution and that a basic fiscal law be devised that clarifies the powers of all levels of government. Allocation of fiscal powers between governments and optimization of the transfer payment system, together with budget constraints, will provide an institutional guarantee for the division of these powers. Fundamentally, the legal confirmation of a system of civil rights can promote the implementation of statutory powers.

The Principle of Restraint: Public Reason and the Reform of Public Administration

Normative political theorists have been growing more and more aware of the many difficult questions raised by the discretionary power inevitably left to public administrators. This article aims to advance a novel normative principle, called ‘principle of restraint’, regulating reform of established administrative agencies. I argue that the ability of public administrators to exercise their power in accordance with the requirements of public reason is protected by an attitude of restraint on the part of potential reformers. Specifically, they should refrain from any reform of an administrative agency that involves a switch to a considerably more loosely interconnected system of values underlying the work of that agency. To illustrate the importance of the principle of restraint, I examine a case from British health policy, showing that a recent reform of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence well exemplifies the serious problems brought by any violation of that principle.

The Much Overlooked Foundational Principle of Restraint

Based on field observations that the members of certain chimpanzee communities on occasion attack and kill members of neighboring groups, primatologist Richard Wrangham has proposed that war in hum...

Edukacja seksualna jako wychowanie do miłości. Niezmienne pryncypia i nowe wyzwania w świetle Amoris laetitia 259-290

Zagadnienie edukacji seksualnej wzbudza w przestrzeni publicznej żywe dyskusje i polemiki. W adhortacji Amoris laetitia papież Franciszek zachęca do pogłębionej refleksji nad tym zagadnieniem w świetle pryncypiów wychowawczych inspirowanych mądrością Ewangelii. Autor artykułu przypomina sformułowane przez papieża pryncypia afirmacji godności osoby oraz kształtowania odpowiedzialnej wolności dzięki uformowanemu sumieniu i sprawnościom moralnym, a także zasady powściągliwości i czystości. Są one niezbędne do tego, aby zmierzyć się z aktualnymi wyzwaniami edukacji, do których należą m. in. właściwa formacja moralna, problem banalizacji płciowości czy ideologia gender.

Between philosophy and social science: Harm and its object in International Relations

AbstractAs a discipline, IR returns repeatedly to the ‘problem of harm’; debating what harm is or should mean. Exploring the discipline through this lens allows us to understand it as contributing to a broader process of negotiation centred on harm as a principle of restraint. However, existing accounts of what harm means for IR are challenged by the scale and visibility of large-scale harm. This article attempts to push beyond recent accounts of harm by Linklater and Mitchell by examining their respective framings of the relationship between harm and its explanation in IR. Building on their limitations, I propose a framework centred on arguments for ontological realism and structure as a focus for explanation. The resulting ontology sustains the concerns of both while: (a) more fully characterising the relationship between explanation and values in IR; and (b) providing a more adequate account of the role of abstraction. In developing upon existing accounts, this article seeks to provide a stronger ground for the analysis of harm in IR. More broadly, it contributes to contemporary debates centred on the relationship between ontology and values with a view to clarifying the nature of explanation in IR as a social science.

Vallier, Kevin. Liberal Politics and Public Faith: Beyond Separation.New York: Routledge, 2014. Pp. 286. $145.00 (cloth).

Vallier, Kevin. <i>Liberal Politics and Public Faith: Beyond Separation</i>.New York: Routledge, 2014. Pp. 286. $145.00 (cloth).

Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi Memutus Perselisihan Hasil Pemilu Sebagai Bentuk Judicialization 0f Politics

Judicialization of politics are the phenomenon which usually happen in a democratic constitutional state, which cause power movement to resolve problems which related to public policy making and political nature, from the political institution to judicial institution. In Indonesia this phenomenon arise in the authority of the Constitutional Court, especially in the authority of the Constitutional Court when they adjudicate electoral result dispute, whichs so far, most widely submitted cases to the Constitutional Court. But, as a independent and impartial judicial institution the Constitutional Court must restrict to adjudicate the political cases such as electoral result dispute so that this institution would not be politicking object of another branch of government, however judicialization of politics phenomenon is something that Constitutional Court would not avoid, so that this article will examine how important the Constitutional Court to priority judicial restraint principle in order to adjudicate electoral result dispute, so that Constitutional Court would not be politicking object of another branch of government.

Analysis and experiment of error restraint principle in an inertial navigation system with inertial sensors rotation

This research developed a new inertial navigation system INS with two inertial measurement units IMU rotating bi-directionally around the vertical and longitudinal body axis respectively. Theoretical analysis and simulation of the proposed rotation INS RINS were presented, which demonstrated that RINS could attenuate positioning errors caused by random constant and time-related components of sensor errors, whereas it did not perform better in modulating white noise component. It also showed that in RINS, utilising inertial sensors with longer relation time and increasing rotation rate are more beneficial. In addition, bi-directional rotation could acquire better result than that unidirectional rotation. Moreover, an experimental RINS prototype with gyroscope drifts of 0.05°/h and accelerometer biases of 50 ug was built. The vehicle tests showed that RINS can achieve positioning accuracy of less than 3 n miles during 8 h 0.3 n mile/h, CEP, more than 10 times improvement than strapdown INS with the same inertial sensors.

The effect of transformer non-synchronous energization on differential protection and its countermeasure

If the wye-delta connected three-phase transformer energizes non-synchronously, the first energized phase will induce an electromotive force into the other two phases via delta winding. Then, the flux in transformer core maybe increasing greatly and causes severe saturation. The second harmonic ratio (SHR) of the three-phase differential currents in such a case is small, which can cause the conventional second harmonic restraint principle failure and the mal-operation of differential protection. In this paper, the mechanism of non-synchronous energization (NSE) is firstly introduced. Then, a novel method for detecting the NSE of unloaded transformer is proposed. If the change of neutral current does not coincide with the line currents of transformer, the NSE can be identified. To avoid the mal-operation of the transformer differential protection due to the inrush currents occurred during the NSE, a new method, taking advantage of the changing trend of the SHR in the differential currents, is also put forward to discriminate inrush current from fault current during NSE. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been verified by simulation results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Novel Algorithm to Avoid the Maloperation of UHV Voltage-Regulating Transformers

A typical maloperation case of the differential protection utilized in the ultra-high voltage (UHV) voltage-regulating transformer (VRT) under inrush conditions is investigated in this paper. It indicates that the second harmonic restraint principle cannot identify the inrush current reliably under such conditions. This paper proposes a normalized equivalent instantaneous inductance (NEII)-based inrush blocking method, which improves the equivalent instantaneous inductance (EII)-based method in the UHV VRT protection. Although the EII-based method is capable of discriminating inrush currents and internal faults, some factors constrain its application, such as the field limitation of measuring the terminal voltage of the transformer and the difficulty of determining a reasonable threshold due to the diversity of transformer magnetizing characteristics. The proposed NEII-based method overcomes limitations of the EII-based method and can be adopted in UHVVRT protection. A number of simulation tests have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.