Principal Contents Research Articles

Industry Foundation Class-Based Building Information Modeling Lightweight Visualization Method for Steel Structures

The efficient extraction, storage, and visualization of geometric and semantic information is a key foundation for the operation of the building information modeling (BIM) platform. This study aims to develop a lightweight BIM system and optimize the system’s performance according to the specific characteristics of steel structures. This study proposes several novel techniques for extracting and decoupling the geometric and semantic information of components from industry foundation class (IFC) files. A redundancy removal approach combining the principal content analysis (PCA) algorithm and the Hausdorff-based comparison algorithm is proposed to identify standardized steel components, and a lightweight visualization method on Web3D for redundant instances is also presented. A loading mechanism of the level of detail (LOD) model based on a mesh simplification algorithm is presented to optimize the display efficiency. The developed system is evaluated by three steel structural models. Using the redundancy removal approach, the number of instances is decreased by 96.46% in less than 30 s and over 30 FPS (frame per second) is kept when rendering. Using the LOD loading mechanism, 95.38% of vertices and 98.46% of patches are eliminated under 50 mm precision. The experiment results indicate that users can quickly load large BIM models and fetch sufficient information from the website.

Fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model with strain-dependent properties for numerical simulation of heavy oil production

Strain-dependency of permeability is a key feature for coupled multiphysics phenomena during heavy oil production under steam stimulation. This feature is also the basis for accurate estimation of steam needed to properly stimulate a given target heavy oil block. In this study, a fully coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical model is established and applied to the numerical simulation of steam injection in a block of western China Xinjiang region's heavy oil field. Strain-dependent relationships have been established for hydraulic conductivity as well as Young's modulus of reservoir formations. The distribution of reservoir temperature field and pore pressure field is obtained, and a quantitative evaluation of steam injection effectiveness is provided. The principal contents include: 1) A simplified fully coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical model for heavy oil reservoir under steam injection is presented. The model incorporates strain-dependent characteristics for rock's permeability/hydraulic conductivity and elastic modulus. 2) The simplified fully coupled model is implemented via the user subroutines of Abaqus software, and 3D finite element simulations are conducted for the steam stimulation operation and oil production processes in the heavy oil block. The temperature field and pore pressure field of the reservoir are obtained under given production history and steam injection conditions. These numerical results have provided an accurate evaluation of steam injection effectiveness. These numerical results indicate that: 1) The original design of steam injection volume and soak time is insufficient to connect the temperature rise regions around wells A1 and A2 in the block in order to get ideal production rate. The temperature rise data obtained from monitoring wells verify the accuracy of the calculation results, demonstrating the accuracy and practicality of the proposed theoretical model. 2) It is found that the maximum local pore pressure induced by steam injection may exceed the bottomhole pressure of injection wells. This is due to the thermal expansion of both solids and pore fluids caused by rapid temperature rise. 3) For the target reservoir, numerical results indicate that further steam injection for 17 days on top of the original design will connect the temperature rise regions around wells A1 and A2, and the minimum temperature at various points between wells will exceed 40 °C.

Harm of Delivery Packaging on Environment and Improvements

In recent years, environmental problems caused by material production and consumption are attracting more attention. Express delivery packaging is a principal content of them since online shopping is getting more popular. The tendency of wasting resources on delivery packages should be taken seriously. This article summarizes different materials of the delivery package and the harm to the environment of them and accordingly raises several solutions. At present, plastics are the most prominent material of concern in terms of packaging for courier services, as their production and recycling procedures have the most significant negative influence on the environment. The impact of other types of courier packaging materials such as cardboard boxes, woven bags, and others should also not be overlooked. The production, use, and recycling processes of these materials can lead to issues such as microplastic pollution, excessive carbon emissions, and air pollution. Ways to improve and address these issues include using easily recyclable materials, replacing non-biodegradable materials with biodegradable green alternatives, reducing excessive packaging, and implementing relevant regulations and policies. The emphasis on decreasing the negative impact of delivery packages on the environment is significant for sustainable development.

A vegetarian ecofeminist reading of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

From 1818 to the present day, over 200 years, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has been the source of inspiration for a myriad of works ranging from scholarly articles and books to films and cartoons. Receiving a great amount of attention from many critics from various fields, the novel has been analyzed in detail by considering different perspectives and theories. However, the theme of vegetarianism and its relation to feminism has nearly remained untouched. The main reason for this drawback is that the link between vegetarianism and feminism, which bases its argument on the theories of ecofeminism that emerged in the early 1980s, is still little known and researched. For vegetarian ecofeminists, all forms of oppression are formed and spread through the dictations of phallocentric systems arrogating the hierarchical binaries. Within this dualistic logic perpetuating and organizing all dichotomous couples, not just women but nature, and animals are also exposed to violence and humiliation. Looking through feminist-vegetarian perspectives, the starting point of this established hegemony is the mistreatment imposed on ‘nonhu(man)’ animals, whereby this speciesism leads to many other forms of oppression and violence for the passivized others. Therefore, considering these current issues and analyzing Frankenstein within the framework of vegetarian ecofeminism, the principal contention of this study is to prove that women’s getting rid of oppression, injustice and humiliation is closely related to realizing and ending the inhumane treatment against animals and nature. Only then it will be viable to ensure welcoming ties between the experiences of vegetarians and ecofeminists and to establish an all-encompassing structure for all living creatures.

We need to talk about Hearer's Meaning!

Mainstream theories of meaning in communication have traditionally centered the speaker's communicative intention. The centrality of Speaker's Meaning has, however, also been subjected to a great deal of criticism. We argue that it is time to take much more seriously the notion of Hearer's Meaning as distinct from Speaker's Meaning, even where the latter is conceived of as interactionally negotiated. Our principal contention is that, in terms of real-world effects, synchronically but also diachronically, Hearer's Meaning is, in fact, criterial. We propose a model of Hearer's Meaning as derived from seven sources – H's framing(s) of (different parts of) the speech event; H's assumptions about the conventional meanings of words and phrases; the sequential placement of the utterance; H's perception of S's identities; H's social relationship with S; H's social relationships with third parties; and finally, H's assumptions regarding S's intentions (if any) – and exemplify its application with the help of an extended Twitter thread. The contribution of each of these seven sources to Hearer's meaning is not necessarily fixed at the start of a given interactional episode and may vary according to the context of utterance. Moreover, the assessment of each of the sources may not be the same for all participants. As a result, meanings derived by different interactants need not be (near-)identical for them to judge a communicative exchange as having been successful. In other words, multiple parallel meanings are possible.

The Descriptio Silentii of Celio Calcagnini: deconstructing the ineffable?

ABSTRACT This article investigates the essay the Descriptio Silentii (Description of Silence) by Celio Calcagnini, a humanist scholar from Ferrara, an essay written in the early sixteenth century and published in 1544. The article provides the first English translation of the essay, describes its inspiration and sources and reviews the content of the essay in order to assess Calcagnini’s contribution to the philosophy of silence from the Renaissance and before. Calcagnini’s essay is an ekphrasis of a picture supposedly located in the ruins of the Roman temple of Fortuna Primigenia in Praeneste, the inspiration for its format is the late Hellenistic text the Tabula Cebetis, and the principal content is an appeal for the virtues of silence in human affairs and the castigation of the garrulous following the example of Plutarch’s essay De Garrulitate from the Moralia. However, this appeal to the virtues of silence is a prelude to the deeper theme and purpose of the essay: the theme of mystical silence, a silence by which it is possible to approach and understand the god-head and the divine, and which can only be expressed in non-verbal language, riddles or poetic imagery.

Semantic alignment of ontologies meaningful categories with the generalization of descriptive structures

The presented work addresses the issue of semantic alignment of ontology components with a generalized structured corpus. The field of research refers to the sphere of determining the features of trust in artificial intelligence. An alignment method is proposed at the level of semantic components of the general alignment system. The method is a component of a broader alignment system and compares entities at the level of meaningful correspondence. Moreover, only the alignment entities’ descriptive content is considered within the proposed technique. Descriptive contents can be represented by variously named id and semantic relations. The method defines a fundamental ontol- ogy and a specific alignment structure. Semantic correspondence in the form of information scope is formed from the alignment structure. In this way, an entity is formed on the side of the alignment structure, which would correspond in the best meaningful way to the entity from the ontology in terms of meaningful descriptiveness. Meaningful descriptiveness is the filling of information scope. Information scopes are formed as a final form of generalization and can consist of entities, a set of entities, and their partial union. In turn, entities are a generalization of properties that are located at a lower level of the hierarchy and, in turn, are a combination of descriptors. Descriptors are a fundamental element of generalization that represent principal content. Descriptors can define atomic content within a knowledge base and represent only a particular aspect of the content. Thus, the element of meaningfulness is not self-sufficient and can manifest as separate meaningfulness in the form of a property, as a minimal representation of the meaningfulness of an alignment. Descriptors can also supplement the content at the level of information frameworks, entities, and properties. The essence of the alignment in the form of information scope cannot be represented as a descriptor or their combination. It happens because the descriptive descriptor does not represent the content in the completed form of the correspondence unit. The minimum structure of representation of information scope is in the form of properties. This form of organization of establishing the correspondence of the semantic level of alignment allows you to structure and formalize the information content for areas with a complex form of semantic mapping. The hierarchical representation of the generalization not only allows simplifying the formalization of semantic alignment but also enables the formation of information entities with the possibility of discretization of content at the level of descriptors. In turn, descriptors can expand meaningfulness at an arbitrary level of the generalization hierarchy. This provides quantization of informational content and flexibility of the alignment system with discretization at the level of descriptors. The proposed method is used to formalize the semantic alignment of ontology entities and areas of structured representation of information.

COVID-19 and changes in content usage behavior: The case of South Korea

This study examines changes in content usage time due to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea using Korean Media Panel data for the period 2011–2020 and explores the reasons for these changes. This study focuses on four principal contents: television programs, movies/videos/user-created content, traditional telecommunication services, and chatting/messenger/social network services. The empirical results indicate an increase in usage time for the four principal contents, as well as total content usage time because of the pandemic. The results also show that average Korean people stayed longer at home after the onset of the pandemic, leading to an increase in the time spent on all the principal contents, except for traditional telecommunication services, as well as an increase in total content usage time. Furthermore, this study suggests that whereas the effect of the pandemic on television program viewing time was mainly attributable to changes in time spent at home because of the pandemic, the effect on other contents was mainly caused by non-location-related factors. This study predicts changes in content usage time after the end of the pandemic and provides strategic suggestions.

New Developments in Chinese Studies of Contemporary Inductive Logic

Contemporary Chinese studies in inductive logic have long revolved around the unfolding of a philosophical investigation into Hume’s problem. Led by research in probabilistic logic, the principal content of contemporary Chinese logic consists of research into Pascalean and non-Pascalean probabilistic logic, precise and imprecise probabilistic logic, pure inductive logic and material inductive logic. A newly arisen trend in the development of Chinese inductive logic is represented by the research on causal inference, which came into vogue within the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in the last few years. Consequently, the future developmental tendency will probably gravitate towards the new paradigms that will emerge from the mutual contest and interactions between probabilistic logic and causal logic.

Analysis of Ecological Environment Evaluation and Coupled and Coordinated Development of Smart Cities Based on Multisource Data

In order to further enhance the ecological environment construction of smart cities and promote its deep integration with advanced technologies, such as the new generation of artificial intelligence and big data, this study constructs a data fusion framework for the ecological environment of smart cities driven by multisource data and constructs an ecological environment evaluation index system of smart cities in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2018. The ecological environment status of smart cities in Guangzhou is analyzed by principal component analysis, and finally the, correlation influence degree of each principal component content on the ecological environment index of smart cities is analyzed. The results show that environmental excellence ( K 1 ), environmental restoration response ( K 2 ), and environmental pollution pressure ( K 3 ) are the main components of the ecological environment in Guangzhou smart city. The environmental excellence and environmental restoration response level are relatively high, and the environmental pressure system is relatively low, in which the greenland coverage rate increases from 41.3% to 44.0%, and the urban sewage treatment rate and the decontamination rate of urban refuse increase year by year, from 73.1% to 94.6% and from 72.1% to 99.9%, respectively. The results of principal component correlation analysis show that there are interactive influences among environmental excellence ( K 1 ), environmental restoration response (K2), and environmental pollution pressure ( K 3 ). The ecological environment index of smart cities increases with the improvement of environmental excellence and environmental restoration response capacity, but gradually decreases with the increase of environmental pollution pressure. Generally speaking, improving environmental excellence and environmental restoration response will be the key to improve the ecological environment construction capacity of smart cities in the future.

The age-old question: Thematic analysis of focus groups on physician experiences of aging in emergency medicine.

ObjectivesEmergency medicine has a demanding work environment. Characteristics influencing longevity among older physicians in emergency medicine have been the subject of ongoing discussion. The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) released a policy statement in 2009 suggesting accommodating emergency physicians in preretirement years. We engaged emergency physicians to determine awareness of the ACEP policy and issues faced in preretirement years.MethodsWe conducted a series of online focus group discussions with a purposive sample of emergency physicians, age ≥ 50 years. The discussion guide was developed from the ACEP policy statement and relevant literature. Groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with a thematic coding system developed iteratively by the 4‐person team. Emerging themes were identified, organized, and presented with illustrative quotations.ResultsA total of 28 emergency physicians participated in 4 focus groups, with between 6 and 9 participants in each group. These physicians had between 17 and 35 years of clinical experience (median = 27), 6 were female (21%), and the majority (n = 26, 93%) worked in academic emergency medicine. Only 1 emergency physician was fully aware of the ACEP policy. Three principal content areas were identified: workload demands that change as physicians age, wellness and physician social equity, and senior emergency physician value. Interwoven across all of these was the focus on leadership and solutions to issues. Issues facing emergency physicians in their preretirement years were identified; commitment from emergency medicine site and national leadership and buy‐in from junior colleagues was emphasized. Generational conflicts in recognizing the contribution and needs of preretirement emergency physicians was a major barrier to solutions.ConclusionsWorkload demands, wellness and physician social equity, and concerns about value as a senior physician are major themes confronting preretirement emergency physicians. Generational divides, deficits in local and national leadership, and the health detriments of rotating schedules and night shifts are barriers to longevity in emergency medicine. Further research on the value of senior physicians and the impact of hospital and departmental financial models on adopting accommodations for senior emergency physicians is needed.

Slavery and Absolutism in Locke

The following Note responds to a recent article by Johan Olsthoorn and Laurens van Apeldoorn on slavery and political absolutism in Locke’s Two Treatises of Government. The Note engages with Olsthoorn and Apeldoorn’s important article but queries its principal contentions.

Biosyntheses characterization of alkaloids and flavonoids in Sophora flavescens by combining metabolome and transcriptome

Sophora flavescens are widely used for their pharmacological effects. As its main pharmacological components, alkaloids and flavonoids are distributed in the root tissues wherein molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, metabolite profiles are analyzed using metabolomes to obtain biomarkers detected in different root tissues. These biomarkers include alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis results indicate the differences in principal component contents. Oxymatrine, sophoridine, and matrine contents are the highest in the phloem, whereas trifolirhizin, maackiain, and kushenol I contents are the highest in the xylem. The transcript expression profiles also show tissue specificity in the roots. A total of 52 and 39 transcripts involved in alkaloid and flavonoid syntheses are found, respectively. Among them, the expression levels of LYSA1, LYSA2, AO2, AO6, PMT1, PMT17, PMT34, and PMT35 transcripts are highly and positively correlated with alkaloids contents. The expression levels of 4CL1, 4CL3, 4CL12, CHI5, CHI7, and CHI9 transcripts are markedly and positively correlated with flavonoids contents. Moreover, the quantitative profiles of alkaloids and flavonoids are provided, and the pivotal genes regulating their distribution in S. flavescens are determined. These results contribute to the existing data for the genetic improvement and target breeding of S. flavescens.

Роль Конституционного Суда РФ в формировании концепции добросовестности налогоплательщика

The article investigates the influence of the positions of the Constitution-al Court of the Russian Federation on the formation of the taxpayer integrity presumption in Russian law. The research is conducted in the context of the implementation and protection of taxpayers` rights. The lack of a uniform un-derstanding of the constitutional principal content determines the problems as-sociated with the legal assessment of the actions of taxpayers aimed at opti-mizing the tax burden. Taking into account the place of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the political system of the country as the highest body of constitutional control, which approves the principles of legali-ty both in law-making and in law enforcement, it is concluded that the leading role in the formation of the taxpayer integrity concept belong to the Constitu-tional Court of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the analysis of the practical implementation of a number of provisions of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, their interpretation by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation showed a lack of consistency in its positions regarding the assessment of the legality (illegality) of tax benefits. The latter, in turn, has a negative impact on the law enforcement process in the field of taxation and makes us think about the mechanism for reviewing our positions by the Con-stitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

2019년 헤이그 재판협약의 주요 내용과 간접관할규정

1992년 미국의 제안에 따라 헤이그국제사법회의 차원에서 전 세계적인 “민사 및 상사의 국제재판관할과 외국재판에 관한 협약”을 성안하기 위한 작업이 개시되었다. 1999년 예비초안이 작성되었으나 조약은 채택되지 못하였고 결국 2005년 “관할합의에 관한 협약”이 채택되었고 이는 2015. 10. 1. 발효되었다. 그 후 민사 또는 상사에서 외국재판의 승인 및 집행에 관한 협약(“재판협약”)이 2019. 7. 2. 채택되었다. 재판협약은 1971년 민사 및 상사의 외국재판의 승인 및 집행에 관한 협약과 같이 직접관할을 규정하지 않는 단일협약이라는 점에서 아쉬움이 있다. 그러나 외국재판의 승인ㆍ집행을 위한 전 세계적 규범체제를 도입하는 점에서 커다란 의미가 있다. 재판협약은 일정한 간접관할의 근거를 충족하는 체약국 재판의 승인 및 집행을 규정하고(제5조), 그의 승인거부사유를 망라적으로 열거한다(제7조). 나아가 재판협약은 일정한 전속관할에 따르는 것을 조건으로 국내법과 다른 조약에 따른 재판의 승인 및 집행을 금지하지 않는다. 재판협약은 직접관할규칙을 담지 못하고, 제외되는 사항이 많아 큰 성공이라고 하기는 어렵지만, 재판협약이 가져올 수 있는 실제적 효용을 고려한다면 그 의미를 박하게 평가할 이유는 없다. 만일 재판협약이 발효되고 미국과 유럽연합이 가입한다면 우리도 당연히 가입해야 할 것이나, 그 전에 가입할지는 더 검토할 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여 재판협약에 대한 깊이 있는 연구가 필요한데, 재판협약에의 가입 여부는 관할합의협약에의 가입 여부와 묶어서 검토해야 한다.<BR> 주지하듯이 한국 민사소송법과 민사집행법은 외국재판의 승인 및 집행에 관하여 선진적 내용을 담고 있고, 법원도 외국재판의 승인ㆍ집행에 대하여 호의적인 태도를 취한다. 따라서 한국이 재판협약 가입을 서두를 이유는 없다. 우선 국제사회의 추이를 지켜보는 한편, 한국의 재판협약 가입이 초래할 변화를 분석ㆍ평가하고, 선언 기타 재판협약 가입과 관련하여 한국이 취할 조치를 면밀히 검토할 필요가 있다. 그 과정에서 우리 법조인들과 법률가들 사이에서도 국제사법 및 국제민사절차법의 중요성에 대한 인식이 확산되기를 희망한다.<BR> 구체적으로 이 글에서 저자는 재판협약의 적용범위와 정의(定義)(Ⅱ.), 외국재판의 승인 및 집행의 기본체제(Ⅲ.), 간접관할의 근거(Ⅳ.), 외국재판의 승인 또는 집행의 거부사유(Ⅴ.) 재판상화해의 집행(Ⅵ.), 외국재판의 승인 및 집행의 절차와 효과 등(Ⅶ.), 일반조항(Ⅷ.), 최종조항(Ⅸ.), 우리 법에의 시사점과 한국의 재판협약 가입과 관련된 문제(Ⅹ.)와 맺음말-재판협약에 대한 평가와 우리가 나아갈 방향(Ⅺ.)의 순서로 논의한다.

Bodies of Fashion and the Fashioning of Subjectivity

This article explores the links between habit, fashion and subjectification to extend analysis of the clothed body beyond the semiotic frames that have tended to dominate discussions of fashion across the social sciences and humanities. Our goal is to explain how fashion’s diverse materialities participate in the modulations of subjectivity, affecting bodies in diverse encounters between matter, signs and practices. We develop our analysis by way of Gilles Deleuze’s discussion of encounters, habit and memory. Our principal contention is that fashion may usefully be theorised in terms of specific habits of coordination by which affects, memories, sensations and desires are transmitted between bodies in varied spatial, temporal, material and affective encounters. Following the work of John Protevi, we argue that such coordination expresses a distinctive mode of subjectification according to the specific encounters immanent to it. We ground this discussion in detailed analysis of the work of Melbourne artist Fiona Abicare. Abicare’s installation and performance-based practice invokes the affective and habitual aspects of fashion as each is instantiated in encounters between bodies. Abicare’s attention to the habits and memories of the clothed body alludes to the varied practices of subjectification by which diverse subjects of fashion emerge.

Psychometric Features of the Polish Version of TSK Heart in Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Background and objectives: Recommendations for the control of stable patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) related to an adequate level of physical activity (PA). Practical experience shows that the PA level in most people with CAD is definitely too low in relation to the guidelines. The cause may be psychological factors and among them the fear of movement—kinesiophobia. The aim of this project was to examine the evaluation of psychometric features of the Polish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK Heart), used in people with CAD. Materials and methods: The study involved 287 patients with stable CAD: 112 women and 175 men. Age: 63.50 (SD = 11.49) years. Kinesiophobia was assessed using TSK Heart, physical activity (PA)—using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and anxiety and depression was examined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The structure of TSK was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), internal cohesion (Cronbach’s alpha, AC), and content validity was calculated by linear regression. Results: PCA showed a three-factor TSK structure. One-dimensionality and satisfactory reliability were found: TSK Heart: AC = 0.878. Kinesiophobia as a predictor of PA: R2 = 0.162 (p = 0.000000). Anxiety and depression—TSK: R2 = 0.093 (p = 0.00000). Conclusions: The Polish version of TSK Heart for cardiac patients is characterized by good psychometric features. The use of it can improve the cooperation of rehabilitation teams for patients with CAD.

From Intuitions to Anarchism?

Abstract When libertarian political philosophy attracted wide public notice in the 1970s, a common view was that the distinctive individual rights advocated in libertarian theory required grounding in a theory of ethics. Recently, this view has come under challenge. It has been argued that resort to such grounding in ethical theory is unneeded. An appeal to common sense intuitions suffices to justify libertarianism. First, a brief account of libertarianism will be presented. Then, some examples of the older, pro-grounding position will be discussed. Then, the principal defense of the newer view, Michael Huemer’s The Problem of Political Authority, will be examined. This discussion constitutes the substance of the present paper. The principal contention of the present article will be that the argument to libertarianism from intuitions does not succeed. In conclusion, it will be suggested that a return to the earlier, grounding view is indicated for philosophers who wish to defend libertarianism.

Quasi-bounded vibrational motions induced dissociation–ionization model based on the 3-photon absorption of [formula omitted] at 800 nm

Using a transient absorption (TA) setup switching between the single and double photon pump, a reasonable model is proposed to interpret the quasi-bounded vibration motions and dissociation–ionization of CS2 based on the 3-photon absorption (3PA) around 800 nm. Besides global fitting, mathematical tools including fast Fourier transform (FFT), continuous (Morlet) wavelet transform (CWT), and principal content analysis (PCA) are successively applied to reveal the corresponding ultrafast dynamics. Inter-system crossing is demonstrated to be the key why dissociation or even ionization is able to take place at low intensity. As a result, plasma generation, filamentation and “re-absorption” reported in Ref. Zhang et al. (2019) can be interpreted with this model.

What Was Parliamentary Reporting? A Study of Aims and Results in the London Daily Newspapers, 1780–96*

AbstractThe nature of these newspaper reports – that is, the character of their principal content – has never been studied, despite its obvious importance and, as we shall see, its marked differences from our Hansard. This article relates their nature to a vital feature of parliamentary leadership, the ability to lead the argument in debate. The practical reasoning in parliamentary deliberation and justification, especially what speakers contributed towards the outcome or ‘the sense of the debate’, predominated in these reports. This implied a need for reporters to concentrate on the ‘substance’ of speeches and their bearing on the motion. One result was that speeches which were judged to define or develop arguments pro and con were treated at length, the defining speeches most extensively and others in proportion to what they added. Conversely, speeches which reiterated known positions or which were irrelevant to the arguments in hand were omitted or downplayed, even if they were important in some other way, while whole debates which added little to ongoing discussion could be treated quite briefly. But if being a front bencher did not guarantee coverage, being a back bencher was no bar: the criterion was the importance of a speaker's contribution, while the manner of coverage accented what was contributed. The reporters’ concerns emphasized debates that promised significant change in matters of national importance, but gave relatively little attention to recurrent or localised business as such. Their writing – they were known as debate writers or news‐writers – was interpretation answering to evaluative and selective criteria rather than a record in a simple sense. Their work is not to be understood in the same terms as a modern Hansard, and in particular not as a defective Hansard, but rather is such that it requires further work on a wide range of new research questions if it is to be understood to best effect, a requirement which suggests a need to study it critically before using it as source material.