Research on translanguaging is expanding, yet student voices are still largely missing. This study focuses on the voices of students in primary newcomer education. We interviewed twelve students (age 9–12), six from Syria and six from Iraq, who spoke Arabic and Kurmanci at home respectively and had been attending a Dutch reception class for less than a year. We asked them about their experiences with the use of home languages at school. Using a lens of multivoicedness, we coded five to seven voices per student. This multivoicedness lens, illustrated with the students’ quotes, emphasizes that each individual student has multiple voices on translanguaging which are rooted in different contexts, including the educational setting, social relations with others, personal histories, and future wishes and intentions. Therefore, we recommend a contextualized approach to newcomer translanguaging practices, sometimes explicitly encouraging the use of home languages, and sometimes encouraging use of the language of instruction. This respects both students’ desire and need to employ home languages and their wish to learn the language of instruction. We suggest a developmental perspective in which the balance between languages changes over time as students advance in both content knowledge and proficiency in all of their languages.

To assess general population perspectives on pre-biopsy disclosure of serious risks and factors associated with a preference for disclosure. 2,407 adults from the Dutch general population completed 3,565 case vignettes describing hypothetical patients requiring biopsies, each reporting the risk of serious complications (requiring additional treatment or prolonged hospitalization, or resulting in death). Vignettes varied by patient age (9, 26, 46, or 71years), probability of serious complications (<0.1%, <1%, <5%, or unspecified), and biopsy purpose (primary diagnosis, staging, or therapy response). Respondents indicated agreement with "If I were in this situation, I would want to be informed" on a four-point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Most responses (93.1%) favored disclosure (agreed/strongly agree), while 4.0% opposed (disagree/strongly disagree). For<0.1% risk vignettes, 91.8% of responses favored disclosure. Women were less likely than men to favor disclosure (odds ratio (OR) 0.760, P<0.001). Agreement was higher for respondents with secondary (OR 1.274, P=0.028) and tertiary education (OR 1.689, P<0.001) compared with those with primary education. Agreement was lower for vignettes with a 46-year-old patient versus a 9-year-old (OR 0.778, P=0.032) and for staging biopsies versus primary diagnosis (OR 0.780, P=0.006), and higher when risk was<5% or unspecified versus<0.1% risk vignettes (OR 1.304, P=0.023; OR 1.618, P<0.001). Most Dutch people want disclosure of serious biopsy risks, including very low-risk events, though a small minority preferred not to be informed, with preferences influenced by respondent characteristics and clinical context.

Pedagogical mediation with ICT for the development of critical thinking in primary education: A systematic review

A study on the different representations and performance profiles on fractions as operators in primary education

Socio-academic interventions in primary and lower secondary education: A scoping review

Conducted in 2024at the time of the Government of Canada's announcement about a new National School Food Program (NSFP), this study explores parents' and educators' perspectives on food, funding, and preferred attributes of an NSFP. Using an Equity, Diversity, Inclusion and Accessibility (EDIA) lens, we consider how to create socially just School Food Programs (SFPs). We conducted a mixed-methods study in publicly funded primary schools in two urban regions of Ontario, Canada. Parents/caregivers completed an online survey about family socio-demographics and views on SFPs with 267 valid responses. Twenty-seven parents participated in six focus groups and six primary school educators were interviewed. Equitable accessibility, cultural food, and including interest holders and community partners were organizing themes from qualitative findings that were compared to quantitative survey data. Equitable accessibility to SFPs was conceptualized as universally affordable but not necessarily universally free. Accessibility for students with dietary requirements was considered with concerns about logistical challenges. Consideration of cultural food in SFPs encompassed student representation, educational benefits, and challenges for incorporating it. Some parents advocated for the inclusion of key interest holders - students and parents - in planning and implementation along with broader community partners. Many participants envisioned SFPs that consider universal accessibility, cultural food diversity, and inclusive participation. Embedding EDIA in program design is key to socially just SFPs but questions remain about how to achieve this. We recommend that local level data are collected with interest holder consultation.

ABSTRACT Inquiry-based instruction is widely regarded as a core feature of high-quality science teaching. This study provides the first empirical examination of its implementation in Austrian primary science classrooms. It aims to (i) assess the extent to which inquiry-based instructional strategies are enacted, (ii) identify distinct instructional profiles among teachers, and (iii) explore associations between these profiles and teacher characteristics, including professionalisation and gender. This study draws on secondary data from the 2019 TIMSS teacher survey in Austria (nstudents = 4,966; nteacher = 339). Latent Class Analysis was employed to identify underlying patterns of instructional practice based on teachers’ self-reports. The analysis revealed four distinct instructional profiles that differ significantly in their didactic design and instructional objectives. While approximately two-thirds of teachers reported combining inquiry-based strategies in various ways, only one profile reflects a comprehensive inquiry-oriented approach in which students are actively engaged throughout the inquiry cycle. The remaining profiles are characterised by differences in instructional goals and pedagogical beliefs. Moreover, multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed statistically significant associations between profile membership and teacher characteristics, particularly gender and engagement in professional development. The results underscore the need to strengthen deep instructional structures and reflective competencies in both initial teacher education and ongoing professional development.

BackgroundNeurologists frequently care for patients with serious neurological illnesses such as stroke, yet formal training in palliative care (PC) during neurology residency remains limited. Educational interventions may improve patient-centered care in acute neurological settings.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether integrating structured PC training into neurology residency is associated with changes in clinical outcomes of patients admitted to a stroke unit.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective matched case-control study analyzing medical records of stroke patients admitted to a Stroke Unit in Brazil before (2018-2019) and after (2020-2021) implementation of a structured PC training program for neurology residents. Patients were matched using coarsened exact matching based on age, sex, admission NIHSS, and pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Primary outcomes included total hospital and Stroke Unit length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included opioid use, discontinuation of clinically-assisted nutrition and hydration (CANH), family meeting documentation, and PC consultation.ResultsAmong 270 matched patients (141 pre-training; 129 post-training), patients treated by residents who had completed PC training had shorter total hospital LOS (median 6 vs 8 days, P = 0.002) and shorter Stroke Unit LOS (median 6 vs 7 days, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in opioid use, discontinuation of CANH, or PC consultations. Among patients with unfavorable outcomes (mRS 4-6), PC training remained associated with reduced Stroke Unit LOS.ConclusionsPalliative care training was associated with shorter hospital stays among stroke patients but limited differences in specific PC practices. These findings suggest that primary PC education may influence care processes in acute neurological settings.

The organization of the primary education process based on modern pedagogical ideas relies on a student-centered, active, and individualized approach. These approaches ensure that teaching is not limited to the transmission of knowledge, but also promotes the development of students’ cognitive activity, logical thinking, and social skills. According to modern pedagogical theories, the learning process should be structured in accordance with students’ age characteristics, as well as their personal experiences and interests. The use of interactive methods and the creation of a collaborative environment increase students’ motivation to learn and foster their independent thinking. The main goal of modern primary education is to develop a well-rounded, creative, and active personality.

Non-compliance with antibiotic treatment regimens can lead to treatment failure, antimicrobial resistance, compromised animal welfare, economic losses, and public health risks. Evidence on compliance among animal owners in Ethiopia is lacking, leaving a critical gap in understanding behaviors that affect antimicrobial stewardship and One Health strategies. This study provides the first evidence on compliance with short-course antibiotic treatments in Gondar Town, Ethiopia, by assessing factors that influence compliance, identifying reasons for non-compliance, and proposing evidence-based interventions. A prospective observational study was conducted at the University of Gondar Veterinary Teaching Hospital from February to August 2025. A total of 106 animal owners (27 cattle, 27 sheep, 26 dogs, and 26 horses) were enrolled. Compliance, defined as completion of all prescribed doses, was monitored through direct observation using follow-up checklists. Non-compliers were interviewed to capture reasons for missed treatments. Logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 to identify predictors of compliance. The overall compliance rate was 68.9%, indicating a moderate level of compliance. Compliance was significantly associated with education, farming experience, and prior experience with animal illness. Owners with primary (aOR = 6.526, p = 0.044) and tertiary educations (aOR = 7.256, p = 0.033), as well as those with five to ten years of farming experience (aOR = 13.193, p = 0.008), had markedly higher odds of following prescribed regimens. In contrast, owners encountering animal illness for the first time (aOR = 0.029, p = 0.005) were less likely to comply. The main reasons for non-compliance included premature discontinuation of treatment after perceived recovery (27.3%), forgetfulness and time constraints (27.3%). Animal owners showed moderate compliance, but gaps due to perceived recovery, forgetfulness, and time constraints persist. Tailored counseling for owners with limited illness experience and low literacy combined with peer-to-peer learning should be implemented.

BackgroundChildren aged 6–23 months are in a period of intense physical and neurological development and therefore require nutrient‐dense complementary foods from multiple food groups. However, information on what young children eat and which factors influence the variety of their diets remains scarce in the study area. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of dietary diversity among 6–23‐month‐old children in the Tahtay Maichew district and to identify demographic, household, and health‐service–related determinants of their food variety.MethodsA community‐based cross‐sectional study was carried out among 981 children aged 6–23 months in the Tahtay Maichew district, northern Ethiopia. Dietary diversity was evaluated using a 24‐h maternal recall of all foods and beverages consumed by the child. After checking questionnaires for completeness and consistency, data were coded and entered into EPI INFO Version 7 and then exported to STATA‐12 for analysis. In the final multivariable model, variables with a p value < 0.05, identified through backward elimination, were considered factors associated with dietary diversity.ResultsOnly 31.1% (95% CI: 28.3%–34.3%) of children received the recommended minimum dietary diversity for their age. Having a housewife mother (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.15–2.7), being from a government‐employed mother (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.03–6.87), having a father with primary (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.01–2.77) or secondary education (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.26–3.57), attending postnatal care follow‐up (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.08–2.21), and good maternal knowledge of child feeding were significantly associated with achieving recommended dietary diversity among children.ConclusionThe proportion of children meeting the minimum dietary diversity was low. Mothers’ occupation, husband’s educational status, postnatal care follow‐up, and maternal knowledge of child feeding were independent determinants of dietary diversity.

BackgroundThe quality of life of older adults is closely linked to functioning in the living environment. This study aims to assess the quality of life of older adults in southwestern Poland and the social factors determining it.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included a voluntary sample of 1108 older adults aged 60‒90. The WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess quality of life.ResultsThe overall quality of life of the respondents (57%) was good. Men had a better quality of life in the psychological (69.0 ± 9.5 vs. 63.0 ± 6.5, p < 0.001) and environmental (69.0 ± 6.0 vs. 63.0 ± 9.5, p < 0.01) domains compared to women. In comparison, those living in a relationship had a better quality of life in the somatic (75.0 ± 9.0 vs. 69.0 ± 9.0, p = 0.034), social (75.0 ± 12.5 vs. 69.0 ± 9.5, p < 0.001), and environmental (69.0 ± 6.0 vs. 63.0 ± 9.5, p < 0.001) domains. Those with higher education had a better quality of life in the somatic (75.0 ± 6.0 vs. 69.0 ± 9.0 and 69.0 ± 9.0, p < 0.001), psychological (69.0 ± 6.5 vs. 63.0 ± 9.5 and 63.0 ± 6.5, p < 0.001), and environmental (69.0 ± 6.0 vs. 63.0 ± 9.5 and 63.0 ± 6.5, p < 0.001) domains compared to those with secondary and primary education. Respondents in good health had a better quality of life in all domains.ConclusionsGood quality of life in older adults surveyed is determined by male gender, marital status in a relationship, higher education, good health ratings, and fewer chronic diseases. Our results can guide policymakers, highlighting the fact that good health, fewer chronic diseases, and higher education, translate into a better quality of life. Therefore, there should be improved access to education for all people. And good population health should be prioritized by decision-makers.Trial registrationISRCTN platform as 18225729; January 2021.

US Latine and Hispanic communities face a 1.5 times greater risk of developing Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) with limited access to culturally and linguistically congruent primary prevention education. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the digital divide, highlighting a need to focus on alternative digital methods for delivering brain health and ADRD primary prevention education. Social media emerged as a promising tool. The objective of this paper is two-fold. We first describe the development and pilot study of our social media-based Latine-Hispanic Digital Brain Health Program guided by evidence-based frameworks in ADRD. We then present the quantitative and qualitative results from the first 14 months of the program (October 2023-December 2024). We used human-centered design to develop the Digital Alzheimer Health Education Model, which was implemented via 3 social media platforms-Facebook, Instagram, and X (formerly known as Twitter). Our bilingual and bicultural team implemented the model by creating and disseminating tailored educational content in English and Spanish for the resulting Latine-Hispanic Digital Brain Health Program, emphasizing consistency and rapport, storytelling, cultural relevance, linguistic inclusivity, and visual representation. A mixed methods analysis (descriptive statistics and sentiment analysis) was conducted using social media data analytics and users' comments to guide program evaluation and refinement. From October 2023 to December 2024, we retained 857 followers across our social media platforms (Instagram: n=534; Facebook: n=124; and X: n=199). Growth in follows, consistent reach and engagement, and positive sentiment were observed on Facebook and Instagram. X was not included in the analysis due to data access limitations. The development and pilot study of the Latine-Hispanic Digital Brain Health Program have demonstrated potential in leveraging social media to disseminate brain health and ADRD prevention education to the US Latine and Hispanic communities in English and Spanish. Our preliminary findings demonstrate that culturally and linguistically congruent social media-based approaches hold potential to improve engagement with brain health and ADRD primary prevention education among US Latine and Hispanic populations.

ABSTRACTMalnourished infants under 6 months experience poor growth and development. A pilot study applied the WHO guideline for treatment of acute malnutrition and found that it was possible to re‐establish exclusive breastfeeding during inpatient treatment. However, weight gain could not be sustained 6 weeks after discharge suggesting that follow‐up breastfeeding support may be required. Our study aimed to pilot the feasibility and acceptability of a follow‐up intervention among infants discharged from malnutrition treatment. A home‐based post‐discharge breastfeeding support intervention was developed to be delivered by breastfeeding peer supporters in a series of three home visits and three intervention phone calls over a period of 7 weeks after discharge from the hospital. The intervention was piloted among 20 mother‐infant pairs providing quantitative and qualitative data from a standardized questionnaire and in‐depth interviews. Data was analyzed descriptively and using thematic analysis. The median infant birth weight was 2.07 kg and > 50% of the mothers had primary education or less. The intervention was feasible with 100% reach of the target participants with a geographic spread of 25% urban and 75% rural areas. All intervention components were applied consistently, resulting in 100% adherence over a 6‐month period. The intervention was accepted by mothers, perceived to be beneficial, and reported to increase breastfeeding confidence. It was adaptable, adjusting to emerging challenges, and was successfully integrated into existing health services. The pilot demonstrated high feasibility and widespread acceptance of the intervention. Its effectiveness to improve weight gain among recovering infants is being determined in a trial.

Maize ear rot affects production, grain quality, and food security. This study examined its prevalence, causes, and management in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Surveys in 39 and 20 communities during the major and minor seasons, respectively involved 44 farmers and maize sample collection. The maize samples were sorted into groups of five cobs per community and visually observed for bird, insect, and fungal damage. Damage ratings were taken on a scale of 0-5 for all types of damage. Laboratory analysis was done to calculate themoisture content. Identification of fungi causing the maize ear rot was done by specific standard mycological procedures, while morphological identification of fungi was done using a laboratory key and manual. Results showed that 70% of respondents were women, 77% had primary education, and 48% sourced seeds from the Ghana Seed Company, with Obaatanpa being the most common (59%). Most were planted in April, and 84% observed ear rot at maturity. Seven fungal pathogens were identified in the major season, led by Aspergillus flavus (40.4%) and Colletotrichum spp. (39.5%). In the minor season, five pathogens were found, with Colletotrichum spp. dominating (65.2%). Farmers mainly used sun drying and burning; 68% were unaware of fungicides. The study concluded that Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum spp. were the most principal pathogens in the Ashanti Region. Poor storage, high moisture, and limited awareness were key contributors to maize ear rot. The study recommends farmer education and fungicide use to reduce ear rot incidence.

BackgroundAnimal-source foods (ASFs) are critical for addressing child undernutrition, yet consumption remains low in Ethiopia. Prevailing evidence often aggregates ASFs, potentially obscuring the unique socioeconomic and demographic determinants of specific, nutrient-rich foods like dairy, eggs, and meat.ObjectiveThis secondary analysis aimed to compare the determinants of dairy, egg, and meat/poultry consumption among children aged 6 to 23 months in Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia, using existing cross-sectional data.MethodsThis secondary analysis utilized data from an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted among 542 mother-child pairs from July to August 2024. The original data were collected electronically via structured questionnaires. For this analysis, consumption of each ASF (dairy, eggs, meat/poultry) in the preceding 24 h was the primary outcome. Separate multivariable logistic regression models identified adjusted factors associated with each food type. The very low prevalence of meat/poultry consumption (4.5%) limits statistical power for detecting associations.ResultsConsumption prevalence was 28.6% for dairy, 15.0% for eggs, and 4.5% for meat/poultry. Household wealth exhibited a strong, positive gradient for all ASFs, most pronounced for eggs (richest vs poorest: Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.50, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.33-9.24). Maternal primary education was significantly associated with higher odds of dairy (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.17-3.19) and egg consumption (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.26-5.05) but not meat. Large family size (≥7 members) was a major constraint, reducing the odds of egg consumption by 70% (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.74).ConclusionsThe socioeconomic and demographic determinants of ASF consumption are not uniform but are distinctly patterned by food type. Nutrition-sensitive interventions must therefore be equally specific, combining economic strategies to improve affordability with targeted education-particularly for dairy and eggs-while addressing intrahousehold food allocation in larger families.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis are at increased risk of anxiety and depression, which may adversely affect treatment adherence and quality of life. Data on the prevalence and determinants of these conditions among Palestinian hemodialysis patients remain limited outside pandemic settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 435 adult hemodialysis patients consecutively recruited from four dialysis centers in the West Bank, Palestine, between December 2025 and January 2026. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires covering sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and dialysis-related factors, perceived social support, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify factors independently associated with anxiety and depression scores. The median age was 55 years, with equal representation of men and women. Most participants lived in villages (60.9%), were married (67.4%), had primary or secondary education, reported low income (61.6%), and were unemployed (77.2%). The majority used arteriovenous fistulas for vascular access (66.9%), with a median dialysis duration of 36 months. Abnormal anxiety and depression were identified in 31.5% and 40.2% of participants, respectively, while borderline symptoms were present in 24.4% and 36.3%. Higher education, medium income, better perceived social support, and catheter vascular access were independently associated with lower anxiety scores. Higher depression scores were associated with longer dialysis duration, higher weekly dialysis frequency, diabetes mellitus, lower educational level, and poor social support. Age, sex, and most comorbidities were not independently associated with psychological outcomes. Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent among Palestinian hemodialysis patients. Psychosocial and sociodemographic factors-particularly education, income, and social support-appear to have a greater influence on mental health than most biomedical variables. Routine psychological screening and integrated psychosocial interventions should be incorporated into hemodialysis care.

Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is the leading cause of vision impairment (VI). Effective refractive error coverage (eREC) is a WHO-endorsed indicator for tracking the global eyecare progress; however, there is a lack of reliable eREC estimate for children due to a paucity of available data. This study aimed to estimate the eREC and prevalence of VI among schoolchildren in Xinjiang, China. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren aged 7-20 years from May to June 2024. Uniocular uncorrected, presenting and best-corrected visual acuity was measured using standard logarithmic vision charts per standardised protocol, and refractive error coverage indicators (eREC, refractive error coverage (REC) and Quality Gap) were calculated according to WHO definitions. Sociodemographic correlates of eREC and REC were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. A total of 3306 children were examined (mean age, 12.5±2.3 years; 50.03% boys). The prevalence of VI based on uncorrected, presenting and best-corrected visual acuity was 8.74%, 4.30% and 0.15%, respectively. The overall eREC and REC were 51.76% and 54.93%, with a quality gap of 5.77%. Age and sex did not show a significant association with eREC, whereas secondary school education (vs primary school education, OR=3.59, 95% CI 1.52 to 9.29, p=0.005) was significantly associated with a higher eREC. 96.51% of VI were due to URE among school-aged children in Xinjiang, China. The eREC remains well below the WHO 2030 global target for China, highlighting the need to improve both the accessibility and quality of refractive correction in this population.

This study examines evidence-based pedagogical strategies aimed at enhancing communication competence, with a particular focus on foreign language speaking skills, among Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) students at the primary education level. Acknowledging the distinct linguistic, cognitive, and communicative characteristics of DHH learners, the research addresses the central question: Which instructional techniques most effectively promote the development of speaking and broader communicative abilities in this population? Employing a qualitative research design, the study engaged 55 primary-level DHH students and utilized classroom observations, student questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with teachers and educational specialists, thereby adopting a multi-perspective methodological framework that enables the triangulation of learner, classroom and professional perspectives. The findings underscore the efficacy of multimodal and visually enriched teaching approaches, the value of differentiated, learner-centered instruction, and the importance of collaborative learning environments in supporting oral foreign language development. The research provides empirical insights into the design of inclusive and responsive language education practices for DHH learners, including those relevant to foreign language speaking skills, drawing on triangulated qualitative evidence from multiple educational stakeholders, contributing to the advancement of both academic achievement and communicative competence in diverse classroom settings.

ABSTRACT Feminization has been – in tandem with the professionalization of the teaching field – at the heart of modernizing educational systems across the Nordic countries. In 1859, Danish politicians allowed women to teach public primary school’s girls’ classes, and this was extended to boys from 1867. Danish scholars have delved into the early generations of formally trained female educators. However, limited attention has been dedicated to the numerous women who were not part of the pioneering generation of educated teachers but who served as public primary school educators. This study focuses on the history of ”ordinary” Danish women who operated within the regionalized school system during the emergence of mass schooling, from the 1860s to 1890s. Based on a cohort comprising 1,929 teachers and the Danish Link Lives Population Database, the objective is to investigate the socio-economic background of the first formally employed female public primary teachers as a part of a broader study of determining whether the teaching profession transformed into an independent arena for women. Diverging from prior research, this study provides new results and insights into the multifaceted process of feminization in Danish primary schools and the consequent professionalization of teaching staff.