Previous Picture Research Articles

Traces of The Late Huns of Europe: Historical Sources And Legends

The history of the Huns has always been of great interest to European researchers. Regarding their history, many questions are yet to be answered, e.g. what happened to the Huns in various parts of Europe after Attila's death. In some parts of the East and the West European continent many local legends on the Huns still exist today, which indicates that this unique horsemen people of the eastern steppes left a deep mark. 1 We find a particularly vivid tradition among the Seklers living in the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin. 2 Scientific research is still skeptical about the survival and influence of the Huns however, recent years’ scientific publications have somewhat colored the previous picture of the Huns. 3 The publication on the Huns is so extensive that it is impossible to present it in one study. Since the 19th century, numerous studies have dealt with the possible language of the Huns. Russian researchers began to excavate Asian Hun tombs at the very beginning of the 20th century. In the second half of the 20th century, dozens of Hun cities and cemeteries were discovered in the territory of the former Soviet Union. Sergey Botalov wrote a summary monograph on them. In this work, he analyzed the archaeological findings of the European and Asian Huns. Gmirya and Gadjiyev have written significant publications on the history and archaeological findigns of the Caucasian Huns. One of the most thorough summaries of the history of the European Huns is Maenchen-Helfen's work published in 1973. In recent decades, the studies of Heather and the Korean Kim have significantly reassessed the view on the Huns. In 2008, a study: The Heritage of the Huns was published in which foreign and Hungarian researchers presented their findings on the European and Asian Huns. In this study, in addition to archaeology and history, linguistics and culture were also presented. An international Hun conference was organized in 2005 in Sukhbaatar, Mongolia, in 2007 in Speyer, and in 2011 in Ulaanbaatar, and since then similar scientific forums have taken place in many countries. In my present study, my intention is to track down where Hun communities led by Attila’s relatives or sons remained and how they played a significant role in late ancient history. Studying the ancient written records, I attempt to reveal the probable historical process. I compare some ancient Greek and Roman records with European Hun folklore 1 There are dozens of legends related to the Huns and Attila in Western Europe: Germany, France and Switzerland. Michel Bakocs and Szilvia Sztruhar collected them. Their book is being published in 2025. 2 The Sekler-Hungarian folklore texts mentioned the descendants of the Huns in Europe. The Seklers regard Attila’s youngest son Chaba their king. 3 Niles, Ferrari, Heather, Kim, etc. Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies Volume 2 Number 4 November 2024 6 tradition. Unfortunately, most of the publications were pro-Goths or Romans, and they did not pay enough attention to the remnants of the Huns. Recently, many new publications have appeared, which emphasize the significant historical role of the Huns in the second half of the 5th century as well. I have studied these new approaches and the new results of archaeology. Archaeological findings 1 of typical Hun objects can be found throughout Europe.

ARAB MUSLIM CHARACTERS IN KHADRA’S NOVEL THE SIRENS OF BAGHDAD

In this study, the researcher presented the American’s views of Islam and Muslims in Khadra’s Novel The Sirens of Baghdad. The image of Arab Muslim character is portrayed differently by the post-colonial novelists post September attacks 2001 on the World Trade Centre towers situated in New York City, USA. Since the accident, many American writers who represent the Western values have endeavored to stigmatize the picture of Arab Muslims through their writings using variant depictions to confirm their ‘Others’ as they consider the Arab Muslims their foes in the world. Consequently, the American writers perpetuate their previous negative picture to continue their domination upon the Arab Muslims, using post-colonial concepts in their portrayal. In contrast, the Arab writers try their best to depict the image of the Arab Muslim characters fairly as they have realistically witnessed and experienced the actual life events. Due to this, Orientalism, stereotyping, otherness and racism are the key concepts examined in this study related the Sirens of Baghdad. As many other Western and Arab writers have dealt with the same concepts previously, the current study examined and identified the concepts differently through this study concerning Arab Muslim characters from contrasting perspectives. Accordingly, the researcher adapted Said’s Orientalism theory as a main method of analysis. The research findings revealed that the American novelists purposely reflected dark aspects of the Arab Muslim characters so as to show to the world that Islam is a religion that propagates oppression and violence. On the other hand, the Arab novelists successfully and realistically proved that it is the Westerners who most of the time oppress the Arab Muslims and murder a fairly good number of them on the basis of false and unfounded allegations. As a conclusion, the study proposes a framework of the portrayal of the Arab Muslim characters conceptualized by the post-colonial perspective. It is recommended that future research examines the reliability and authentication of the respective American novels that have distorted the Arab Muslim identity by using high level of fictitious representations that is very distant from reality and truth, so that the negative representations of the Arab Muslim characters can righteously be repudiated. Moreover, future research can explore cross-cultural studies related to the novel concerned and the like of them so as to highlight the psychological, cultural and societal representations of the two nations—the Arab and
 the Western.

The Influence of Focus on the Activation of Alternatives in Speech Production—An Online Picture-Word-Interference Experiment

In previous picture naming tasks, semantically related distractor words (co-hyponyms to the target word) induce interference, which is usually taken as evidence for lexical competition. In an online picture-word-interference experiment, we showed that distractor words that share a feature with the target (here: their natural prototypical color), also induced interference. Pictures were not named with single words but with short descriptive sentences (“The heart is red”). Focus on the noun modulated the interference effect. In particular, when target and distractor were presented simultaneously, the interference effect was significantly reduced in the narrow focus condition, compared to broad focus. We discuss our findings for focus production against the findings on language comprehension reported in the literature, which mostly observed facilitatory effects of focus marking on the comprehension of focus alternatives.

Dynamics of a solitonic vortex in an anisotropically trapped superfluid

We analytically study the dynamics of a solitonic vortex (SV) in a superfluid confined in a non-axisymmetric harmonic trap. The study provides a framework for analyzing the role of the trap anisotropy in the oscillation of SVs observed in recent experiments on atomic Bose and Fermi superfluids. The emergence of common and statistics-dependent features is traced in a unified approach to both types of fluid. Our description, built in the hydrodynamic formalism, is based on a Lagragian approach which incorporates the vortex location as dynamical parameters of a variational ansatz. Previous operative Hamiltonian pictures are recovered through a canonically traced procedure. Our results improve the understanding of the experimental findings. Some of the observed features are shown to be specific to the tri-axial anisotropy of the trap. In particular, we characterize the nontrivial dependence of the oscillation frequency on the trapping transversal to the vortical line. The study reveals also the crucial role played by the nonlinear character of the dynamics in the observed oscillation: for the considered experimental conditions, the frequency, and, in turn, the effective inertial mass of the vortex, are found to significantly depend on the amplitude of the generated motion. It is also uncovered how the coupling with collective modes of the fluid induces a non-negligible shift in the oscillation frequency. The appearance of fine-structure features in the SV trajectory is predicted.

Síndrome mielodisplásica: um relato de experiência a partir da enfermagem

It was aimed to report the therapeutic approach and nursing care provided during the hospitalization of a patient with the myelodisplastic syndrome. This is an experience report held in a southwest Goian hospital during February 2022. The choice of the subject was randomly and the experience occurred through four steps aimed at systematizing nursing care provided. In the first stage, the previous data, the physical and clinical picture of the patient, the observation of multiprofessional treatment and the elaboration of the nursing process were collected. Steps data were described in a pre-draft checklist containing the patient's sociodemographic variables and specific to the syndrome, their treatment and nursing care. The patient remained hospitalized for 20 days, in a semi -critical state, with multifaceted signs and symptoms, with severe infection and anemia. He had to use symptomatological pharmacological polytherapy, performed various laboratory and image tests and was supported by a multidisciplinary team. Nursing care occurred full-time in a systematized way. It was noticed that the syndrome is severe and complex, little known to health professionals and should be treated by specialized professionals.

Changes in rays\u2019 swimming stability due to the phase difference between left and right pectoral fin movements

Swimming motions of rays that swim using undulation locomotion are not always symmetrical; there may be a phase difference between the left and right pectoral fins. However, few studies on the swimming of rays have mentioned left and right pectoral fin movements. Moreover, the effects of movements of the left and right pectoral fins on swimming have not been clarified. This paper describes a computational study of phase differences of pectoral fin movements in the swimming of rays with the validity of fluid analysis methods. The movement and shape of the ray were made based on previous biological research and pictures. An overset grid was used to reproduce the ray’s complex motions. The analysis was performed under four phase difference conditions: 0 T (T is the period), 0.25 T, 0.5 T, and 0.75 T. The results show that a phase difference between the left and right pectoral fin movements affects swimming stability and maneuverability but not propulsive efficiency. We suggest that the phase difference in pectoral fin movements is essential for the swimming of rays, and rays adjust the phase difference between the movement of the left and right pectoral fins to suit their purpose.

Influência da pandemia da COVID-19 no TOC: revisão sistemática de literatura

This study evaluated several sources in the literature that associate Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with prevention and control measures linked to the pandemic period of Corona Virus Disease - 2019 (COVID-19). The main goal is to understand the influences of context on different areas of the disease, from epidemiology to treatment. In view of the above, there is a need to investigate some aspects of population’s mental health in this context, especially of patients previously diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Analyzing the selected material, it was noted that tension, fear of contamination, the intense flow of information about the subject and the stress related to the period played an important role on previous OCD pictures and on precipitating psychiatric manifestations in initially healthy patients. In most of the observations, it was found that there was an exacerbation of both Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and other psychiatric disorders that may occur in association with it, such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Considerations must be made regarding the treatment of OCD in the face of the current global situation, adapting it without affecting the prognosis of this patient.

Quantum oscillation of thermally activated conductivity in a monolayer WTe2 -like excitonic insulator

Recently, quantum oscillation of the resistance in insulating monolayer WTe$_2$ was reported. An explanation in terms of gap modulation in the hybridized Landau levels of an excitonic insulator was also proposed by one of us. However, the previous picture of gap modulation in the Landau levels spectrum was built on a pair of well nested electron and hole Fermi surfaces, while the monolayer WTe$_2$ has one hole and two electron Fermi pockets with relative anisotropy. Here we demonstrate that for system like monolayer WTe$_2$, the excitonic insulating state arising from the coupled one hole and two electron pockets possesses a finite region in interaction parameter space that shows gap modulation in a magnetic field. In this region, the thermally activated conductivity displays the $1/B$ periodic oscillation and it can further develop into discrete peaks at low temperature, in agreement with the experimental observation. We show that the relative anisotropy of the bands is a key parameter and the qunatum oscillations decrease rapidly if the anisotropy increases further than the realistic value for monolayer WTe$_2$.

Detection without further processing or processing without automatic detection? Differential ERP responses to lexical-semantic processing in toddlers at high clinical risk for autism and language disorder

Delays in early expressive vocabulary can reflect a specific delay in language acquisition or more general impairments in social communication. The neural mechanisms underlying the (dis)ability to establish the first lexical–semantic representations remain relatively unknown. Here, we investigate the electrophysiological underpinnings of these mechanisms during the critical phase of lexical acquisition in two groups of 19-month-old toddlers at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, i.e., children characterized by low expressive vocabulary (late talkers, N = 18) and children with early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, N = 18) as compared to typically developing children (N = 28), with the aim to identify similarities and specificities in lexical-semantic processing between these groups. ERPs elicited by words (either congruous or incongruous with the previous picture context) and pseudo-words are investigated within a picture-word matching paradigm. In order to further interpret ERP responses, we look at longitudinal intra-group associations with language and socio-communications skills at age 24 months.As expected, we found differences between the groups that might underlie specificities, but also similarities. On the one side, late talkers differed from the other two groups in the early component (phonological-lexical priming effect) reflecting detection of the correspondence between the heard word and the lexical representation pre-activated by the picture. On the other side, children with early symptoms of ASD differed from the other two groups in the late component (late positive component) reflecting the effortful semantic re-analysis following a violation. The functional interpretation of the two components is corroborated by significant correlations suggesting that the early component is associated with later socio-communication skills, whereas the late component is associated with linguistic skills. Results point in the direction of differential impaired mechanisms in the two populations, i.e., impaired automatic detection of incongruencies in late talkers vs. absence of high-level re-analysis of such incongruencies in children with early signs of ASD.

Brief Report: Typical Visual Updating in Autism.

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can struggle with visual updating. In a previous picture morphing study (Burnett and Jellema 2012) adults with ASD recognized the second picture significantly later when seeing one picture gradually changing into another. The aim of the current study was to test whether this previously reported perceptual atypicality may be due to general perceptual deficits. We therefore employed a modified picture morphing task. Against expectations, people with ASD showed typical performance in the task and no general perceptual deficits in relation to the picture morphing paradigm. Our results suggest that reported difficulties with visual updating in ASD may be due to temporal task restrictions and do not reflect a genuine problem with visual updating.

ENCRYPTION THREE-DIMENSION IMAGE USING TINY ALGORITHM

The development of systems allows providing the capability of using three-dimension (3D) pictures over the internet especially in social media. In previous years, animation pictures and videos are not used in the internet due to the sizes of these two data and need the huge amount of data to work over internet and need supporting program to deal with presenting the data to the users of the internet in either websites or social media. Most of the security over internet used on ciphering text or ciphering images but not cipher video or 3D picture because video and 3D pictures are not used until recently. The huge use of these two types 3D pictures and videos in recent years. It is become an urgent necessary to encrypt these sorts of data. The research will focus on encrypting these types of data by using special algorithm called as Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA). This algorithm will be used to encrypt and decrypt 3D pictures and protecting the privacy of this sort of data. The research shows the how-to encode and decode of 3D picture and how to deal with them. The results show the TEA is rapid algorithm in the coding picture and decoding 3D pictures. it is only needing a few portions of time to cipher and decipher 3D pictures. The program that used to test the ciphering and deciphering algorithm was based on MATLAB.

A New Picture of the Global Impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation

The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant interannual variability of Earth’s climate system and plays a central role in global climate prediction. Outlooks of ENSO and its impacts often follow a two-tier approach: predicting ENSO sea surface temperature anomaly in tropical Pacific and then predicting its global impacts. However, the current picture of ENSO global impacts widely used by forecasting centers and atmospheric science textbooks came from two earliest surface station datasets complied 30 years ago, and focused on the extreme phases rather than the whole ENSO lifecycle. Here, we demonstrate a new picture of the global impacts of ENSO throughout its whole lifecycle based on the rich latest satellite, in situ and reanalysis datasets. ENSO impacts are much wider than previously thought. There are significant impacts unknown in the previous picture over Europe, Africa, Asia and North America. The so-called “neutral years” are not neutral, but are associated with strong sea surface temperature anomalies in global oceans outside the tropical Pacific, and significant anomalies of land surface air temperature and precipitation over all the continents.

The effect of thermal cycling on the fracture toughness of metallic glasses

A wide range of behaviors, including non-monotonic rejuvenation and relaxation, and the ability to qualitatively change the effect by varying the structural state of the glass was observed during thermal cycling of bulk metallic glasses. For this, we considered various bulk metallic glasses, Zr44Ti11Cu10Ni10Be25, Pd43Cu27Ni10P20, Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5, and La55Al25Ni20, at various fictive temperatures to study the effect of thermal cycling on structure, thermal signature, and fracture toughness. For some BMGs and conditions considered here, thermal cycling results in a looser structure and an increase in fracture toughness. We found that for certain other BMGs and conditions, thermal cycling results in relaxation, reflected in a denser structure, and a decrease in fracture toughness. All these responses are non-monotonic and reveal a pronounced extremum with fracture toughness values of ± 50% of the original value, before approaching a value similar to the original value prior to thermal cycling. Such richness in response to thermal cycling suggests incompleteness of the previous picture where monotonically decreasing local stresses resulting in a homogenization of the structure with increasing cycle number. Our finding suggests that relative comparisons of various contributions including activation barriers for α-relaxation have to be considered which are also constantly changing, to decide if further cycling results in an increase or a decrease in fracture toughness. The fracture toughness’ response to thermal cycling can be correlated with the average atomic structures’ response to thermal cycling, while the thermal response does not exhibit an obvious correlation.

Dynamic superconductivity responses in photoexcited optical conductivity and Nernst effect

High-${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ cuprate, alkali-doped ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, and several other unconventional superconductors have very high transition temperatures ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ with respect to the energy scale of superconducting (SC) charges inferred from the superfluid density (SFD). The observed linear relationship between ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ and the SFD can hardly be expected in BCS superconductors while being reminiscent of Bose-Einstein condensation of preformed bosonic charges. As additional non-BCS-like behaviors, responses similar to those in the bulk SC states have been observed at temperatures well above ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ in the vortexlike Nernst effect, diamagnetic susceptibility, and transient optical conductivity in recent photoexcited pump-probe measurements. In this paper, we propose a coherent picture based on equilibrium and transient SFD to understand these unconventional behaviors in cuprates, ${\mathrm{K}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, and organic superconductors. This picture assumes: (1) Dynamic SC responses in the Nernst and photoinduced measurements emerge at the formation of the local phase coherence (LPC) among wave functions of preformed bosonic pairs. (2) Its onset temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{LPC}}$ is distinct from and lower than the boson formation temperature often denoted as the ``pseudogap temperature'' ${T}^{*}$, as ${T}_{\mathrm{LPC}}$ is determined by the many-body boson density while ${T}^{*}$ represents attractive interaction between two fermions. (3) The bulk superconducting ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$, signaling global phase coherence, is significantly reduced from ${T}_{\mathrm{LPC}}$, due to the competition between the SC and antiferromagnetic (AF) order. (4) The inelastic magnetic resonance mode (MRM) controls ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ in the SC-AF competition. (5) The transient optical responses can be attributed to a change of the balance between the competing SC and AF orders caused by photoexcitation. The assumptions (1) and (2) explain the relationship between ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ and the transient SFD in photoexcited studies and equilibrium SFD in Nernst effect. (3) and (4) are inferred from the linear dependence of ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ on the MRM energy. (4) and (5) are consistent with the behaviors of the $400\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ optical responses in equilibrium and photoexcited studies and temperature dependence of the intensity of this optical mode and the MRM. Unlike previous phase-fluctuation pictures which expect dynamic responses between ${T}^{*}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$, the present picture involving competing order indicates that dynamic SC responses are seen between ${T}_{\mathrm{LPC}}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$.

Quantum phase transitions in the spin-boson model without the counterrotating terms

We study the spin-boson model without the counterrotating terms by a numerically exact method based on variational matrix product states. Surprisingly, the second-order quantum phase transition (QPT) is observed for the sub-Ohmic bath in the rotating-wave approximations. Moreover, first-order QPTs can also appear before the critical points. With the decrease of the bath exponents, these first-order QPTs disappear successively, while the second-order QPT remains robust. The second-order QPT is further confirmed by multi-coherent-states variational studies, while the first-order QPT is corroborated with the exact diagonalization in the truncated Hilbert space. Extension to the Ohmic bath is also performed, and many first-order QPTs appear successively in a wide coupling regime, in contrast to previous findings. The previous pictures for many physical phenomena for the spin-boson model in the rotating-wave approximation have to be modified at least at the strong coupling.

Introduction: Rethinking Joseph Banks.

Following a series of workshops funded by AHRC (Arts and Humanities Research Council), the papers in this special issue provide new perspectives on the naturalist Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820). Moving beyond a focus on Banks's work with Captain Cook's first voyage of exploration to the Pacific, the papers expand on, while challenging, views of Banks as a 'centre of calculation' and all-powerful agent of science and imperialism in Georgian Britain. Banks is shown to have relied on a variety of expert men and women as actors and audiences for botany, operating with more diversified agendas and practices than previous pictures of him have suggested.

MON-LB069 When a Routine Postoperative Internal Medicine Consultation Unearths a Hidden Diagnosis

Although rare in incidence, acromegaly can present with secondary osteoarthritis due to anabolic effects of Growth Hormone (GH). The diagnosis can be potentially missed until later in its clinical course, leading to a lost opportunity to prevent further complications and irreversible changes attributed to acromegaly. A 32-year-old patient with history of mild Type 1 Von Willebrand (VW) disease and severe crippling bilateral osteoarthritis of the hips was admitted for elective right hip replacement. The etiology of the osteoarthritis was not clear, but was felt to be unlikely to be related to VW disease, in the absence of hemarthrosis. A routine Internal Medicine consult was requested by the Orthopedics service for co-management of the patient postoperatively as he was on placed on VW factor infusion. Intraoperative findings were notable for severe osteopenia and destructive deformity of the femoral head. On examination, the patient was moderately built with largely normal systems examination. Closer examination revealed prominent supraciliary arches and nose. Large hands were noted with sausage like appearing digits. On further questioning, patient mentioned that his shoe size has increased to size 13 from size 10 in the last 3-4 years. A comparison of a previous picture of his face (5 yrs. ago) to now confirmed the pronounced changes in facial features. He recalled his dentist mentioning about significant spacing between his teeth a year ago. An insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) level was ordered as a first part of the work up for Acromegaly. The level returned back at 1448 ng/ml (53-332 ng/ml). An MRI scan of the brain revealed a large macro-adenoma extending onto the right cavernous sinus and displacing the optic chiasma. He was referred to the pituitary clinic for further work up and ultimately underwent a partial 2 stage trans nasal endoscopic resection of the tumor followed by fractionated radiotherapy. He continues to be on octreotide and pegvisomant. With the increase in childhood obesity, there has been an increased incidence of osteoarthritis in young patients. The need for joint replacement in relatively young patients has also increased. While it is important to pursue joint replacement surgeries in these patients to prevent disability, careful evaluation of the cause of OA must be looked into, especially in young patients. Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. s presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.

Ibn Tūmart's teachers: the relationship with al-Ghazālī

A través de la documentación conservada y de una reflexión sobre la cronología, es posible descubrir la existencia de un proyecto político de al-Ghazālī y su discípulo andalusí, Abū Bakr Ibn al-‛Arabī, con el propósito de ganar para al-Gazālī el favor del príncipe almorávide Yūsuf b. Tāšufīn. Los documentos que prueban la existencia de este proyecto se conocían desde hace algún tiempo: la fatwà que al-Gazālī escribió en apoyo de Yūsuf, la carta que le escribió en alabanza de Abū Bakr Ibn al-‛Arabī y la carta que obtuvo del califa, todo lo cual puede compararse con la carta de al-Ṭurṭūšī a Yūsuf sobre los mismos asuntos. La idea que pone todo esto en conexión es que se trataba de un proyecto político con apoyo en la Península, sobre todo de los sufíes y de la elite de los reyes de Taifas (el padre de Ibn ‛Arabī había servido a al-Mu'tamid de Sevilla). Los escritos de al-Gazālī suministraron una base ideológica a esta alianza política, puesto que alaban el sufismo y critican el taqlīd, la forma usual de interpretar la ley entre los juristas de la jerarquía almorávide. El discurso de al-Gazālī, muy por encima del nivel intelectual del jurista medio, se aceptó finalmente por la elite de los periodos califal y taifa que tenía interés en las ciencias naturales, la filosofía griega y la lógica. Estos temas eran innacesibles para el jurista medio, bien porque no procuraban un provecho inmediato, bien por la dificultad práctica de encontrar libros y profesores expertos en ellos. Por tanto, fue una elite intelectual (también social y económica) conocedora del árabe clásico y heredera de las adquisiciones intelectuales de muchas generaciones de andalusíes la que se apropió del discurso gazaliano. Frente a ese grupo, los juristas almorávides representaban a las clases medias urbanas y podían movilizar a su favor a las masas urbanas. El más importante de esos juristas, Ibn Ḥamdīn de Córdoba, temeroso de que la combinación de Ibn al-‛Arabī y al-Gazālī le expulsara del poder, orquestó la quema oficial del Iḥyā' de al-Gazālī por todo el país. Así es posible observar que el conflicto entre esos dos grupos estaba bien definido incluso antes de que la rebelión almohade en el Norte de África proporcionase a la elite intelectual un adalid militar. A cambio, esa elite suministró a los Almohades una ideología y una clase administrativa. Al-Gazālī fue identificado como un enemigo del régimen almorávide incluso antes de que Ibn Tūmart, el fundador del movimiento almohade, volviese de Oriente para lanzar su rebelión contra los almorávides desde el Atlas.Proponemos algunos cambios en el panorama de las estancias de al-Gazālī en diferentes momentos. Se ha aceptado ya una modificación básica de la idea de que abandonó Bagdad definitivamente tras dejar de dar clases a gran número de personas en la Nizāmīya, al observarse que Abū Bakr Ibn al-‛Arabī afirma haber estudiado con él en Bagdad dos años después. Aquí querríamos llamar la atención sobre el hecho de que Ibn Jallikān dice que al-Gazālī estuvo en Alejandría esperando una respuesta de Yusuf b. Tāšufīn. En el contexto de un panorama cambiante de la cronología de los viajes de al-Gazālī, la posibilidad de que Ibn Tūmart estuviera en contacto con él se convierte en una probabilidad.

Facing recovery: Emotional bias in working memory, rumination, relapse, and recurrence of major depression; an experimental paradigm conducted five years after first episode of major depression

Identifying vulnerability factors for relapse of depression is essential in planning preventive interventions. Emotional face processing in major depression (MDD) shows promise as a potential cognitive marker for depression. The current study investigates how working memory (WM) load in face processing relates to rumination and new episodes of MDD in a novel explorative paradigm. It was expected that history of MDD is associated with reduction of the ability to process sad stimuli in high WM load conditions and reduction of the ability to process happy stimuli in low WM conditions. It was further predicted that these relations are associated with rumination and risk for relapse. The experiment was included as a cross sectional part in a follow-up study of a population that previously experienced first episode (FE) depression. The FE (N = 23) and a healthy control group (N = 22) completed a WM face processing task. In the task, three happy or sad faces were presented, processed in either a high or low WM taxing manner, followed by a target stimulus consisting of one of the previous pictures. Response time and accuracy were dependent variables. Rumination and number of relapses or recurrences were measured. The FE group recalled the placement of significantly fewer happy faces in the low WM load condition, and significantly fewer sad faces in the high WM load condition compared to controls. Significantly different scores between groups predicted trait rumination. Poor accuracy in the sad high WM load condition correlated with high degree of rumination. Relapse or recurrence was predicted by rumination. The present study supports an emotional WM deficit in remitted MDD. This suggests that deficits in manipulation of sad faces could represent a trait bias related to rumination and depression.

Density profiles of ultracompact minihalos: Implications for constraining the primordial power spectrum

Enhanced density fluctuations on small scales would lead to the formation of numerous dark matter minihalos, so limits on the minihalo abundance can place upper bounds on the small-scale primordial power spectrum. In particular, the ultracompact minihalo (UCMH), a dark matter structure hypothesized to possess a $\rho\propto r^{-9/4}$ density profile due to its formation at $z\geq 1000$, has been used to establish an upper bound on the primordial power spectrum at scales smaller than 2 Mpc. The extreme slope of this density profile amplifies the observational signals of UCMHs. However, we recently showed via N-body simulations that the $\rho\propto r^{-9/4}$ density profile does not develop in realistic formation scenarios, throwing UCMH-derived power spectrum constraints into question. Instead, minihalos develop shallower inner profiles with power-law indices between $-3/2$ and $-1$. In this paper, we expand on that result and discuss its implications. Using a model that is calibrated to simulation results and predicts halo structures in spiked power spectra based on their formation times, we calculate new upper bounds on the primordial power spectrum based on limits on the dark matter annihilation rate within the Galaxy. We find that despite assuming shallower profiles, this minihalo model actually yields stronger constraints than the previous UCMH picture owing to its inclusion of all minihalos instead of only the earliest-forming ones.