Previous Injury Research Articles

INJURY EPIDEMIOLOGY IN BEACH TENNIS: INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS.

Due to the growing increase in beach tennis practice in Brazil and the lack of studies on the injuries that occur in this sport, it has become necessary to develop more research on the subject. to identify risk and protection factors for injuries in beach tennis, in order to generate prevention strategies for musculoskeletal injuries. A cross-sectional epidemiological study, level 3 of evidence, was carried out through an electronic form with 698 Beach Tennis players, who answered questions about their relationship with the practice of the sport and occurrences of injuries. We researched the prevalence of injuries, their types, and their relation with personal physical characteristics and the practice of other sports. We found a positive relationship between injuries when associated with longer exposure time and the presence of a previous injury. We did not find differences regarding BMI, gender, and stretching and muscle strengthening performance. the most frequent non-traumatic injuries were to the elbow and shoulder (tendonitis) and traumatic (sprain) injuries to the knee and ankle. Level of Evidence II; Cohort Study.

Musculoskeletal Injury Patterns among Korean Professional Women Soccer Players: A Retrospective Descriptive Study

Female Korean professional soccer players endure a high burden of injuries throughout their careers. This retrospective study investigated their injury history characteristics by surveying 181 players across eight Korea Women’s Football Federation teams. The survey covered demographics, playing positions, career spans, dominant legs, national team memberships, and detailed information on previous injuries, including location, type, mechanism, and severity. Analysis revealed lower extremities as the most vulnerable region, injured in 44.7% of competitions, and 46.6% of practice sessions, followed by foot and ankle injuries. Joint and ligament injuries dominated, comprising 45.0% of competition-related incidents, and 55.2% of those sustained during practice. Notably, contact was the primary mechanism for practice injuries (49.8%), while overuse (33.4%) and contact (33.2%) shared the blame in competitions. Interestingly, severe injuries were significantly more prevalent in practice (65.2%) compared to competitions (48.2%). Almost all players had at least one previous injury, often affecting the lower extremities. This highlights the need for targeted preventive measures addressing the high prevalence of severe joint and ligament injuries, often exacerbated by aggressive situations. These findings emphasize the crucial need for tailored injury prevention strategies specifically designed for the unique demands and challenges faced by women’s soccer players.

Location and Progression of Chondral Injuries at the Time of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery Varies by Sex

To quantify progression of chondral and meniscal injuries between primary and revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. Patients who underwent both index and revision ACL reconstruction between 2000 and 2020 at our institution were identified, and dates of injury and surgery, demographics, and clinical data were obtained from operative reports. Outerbridge grade was recorded in each compartment, along with presence and location of meniscal injury. The frequency of each injury between first and second cases was calculated. Differences in injury and progression were compared over time as well as between patient sex and age. The study included 189 patients (96 female, 93 male). Age at first surgery was 31.7 ± 13.2 years. Mean time to second injury was 3.3 ± 3.0 years. In total, 116 patients had a new or previous chondral injury (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1). The medial femoral condyle (31%) and the patella (21%) accounted for the highest proportion of new injury to articular surfaces, whereas new injury to menisci was comparable between the medial (25%) and lateral (23%) meniscus. At the time of revision ACL reconstruction, females had a high prevalence of chondral injuries to the lateral compartment, whereas males had a high prevalence of chondral injury to the medial femoral condyle. The prevalence of new chondral injuries was comparable between sexes, with males having a slightly higher proportion. While time between surgeries, sex, and age had graphical evidence of moderating risk, the effects were small and imprecise. Revision ACL reconstruction carried a 1.6 increase in the odds for new or progressive chondral lesions in our cohort. At the time of revision, females had a relatively higher proportion of lateral-sided chondral injuries, whereas males had a relatively higher proportion of medial femoral condyle injuries. The greatest increase in the prevalence of new and progressive lesions was observed in the medial femoral condyle and trochlea. This progression appeared to be moderated by time between surgeries, patient sex, and age; however, the differences were small and imprecise. Level IV, therapeutic case series.

The memory of airway epithelium damage in smokers and COPD patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a devastating and irreversible lung disease, causes structural and functional defects in the bronchial epithelium, the (ir)reversibility of which remains unexplored in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of COPD-related epithelial defects in long-term airway epithelial cultures derived from non-smokers, smokers, and COPD patients. Barrier function, polarity, cell commitment, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and inflammation were evaluated and compared with native epithelium characteristics. The role of inflammation was explored using cytokines. We show that barrier dysfunction, compromised polarity, and lineage abnormalities observed in smokers and COPD persisted for up to 10 wk. Goblet cell hyperplasia was associated with recent cigarette smoke exposure. Conversely, increased IL-8/CXCL-8 release and abnormal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition diminished over time. These ex vivo observations matched surgical samples' abnormalities. Cytokine treatment induced COPD-like changes in control cultures and reactivated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in COPD cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the airway epithelium of smokers and COPD patients retains a multidimensional memory of its original state and previous cigarette smoke-induced injuries, maintaining these abnormalities for extended periods.

Musculoskeletal, Functional and Performance Impairment in Female Overhead Athletes with a Previous Shoulder Injury.

Shoulder injuries are substantial problems in overhead athletes, and more studies are necessary to deepen the knowledge on this type of injury. The objective of this study was to compare the overall function and performance of female overhead athletes with and without a previous history of shoulder injuries. In this cross-sectional study, female overhead athletes with and without a previous shoulder injury were included. Muscular impairment, the stability of the shoulder, strength, scapular dyskinesia, functionality and sports performance were evaluated. A total of 50 females were included. There were significant differences in strength (p = 0.046) and stability (p = 0.039) between groups, with a poorer score in the group with a history of shoulder injury. Regarding scapular dyskinesia, significant differences were also observed between groups (p = 0.048), with higher levels of dyskinesia in the group with previous shoulder injury. Also, muscular impairment showed significant differences between groups for the three muscles evaluated (p < 0.005). Additionally, the group without a previous shoulder injury presented with a significantly greater score in functionality (p = 0.046) and sports performance (p = 0.004). In conclusion, previous shoulder injuries are an important factor to take into account in female overhead athletes. Players with a history of shoulder injury present clinical impairments during the game, leading to poorer functional status and performance in sport.

Risk Factors of Roundhouse Kick Wushu Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The roundhouse kick is a basic kicking technique in martial arts which is very important in achieving victory. The roundhouse kick is a simple move, easier, faster and more powerful than any other foot action that is also easy to use for attack and for defence, therefore it is the move most used. The aim of this study was to identify and critically assess the evidence relating to risk factors for roundhouse kick injuries. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework. Articles were searched using Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed. The results of the selected articles revealed that risk factors for injury in roundhouse kick wushu, namely competition experience, technique, history of previous injuries, age, overuse, physical fitness, warm-up and stretching. All risk factors for injury due to competition experience, technique, previous injury history, age, overuse, physical fitness, warm-up and stretching are things to consider. History of previous injuries is the most important factor that can cause injury. Handling and care need to be done optimally to minimize the occurrence of injuries or recurrence of old injuries. In addition, physical fitness, warming up and stretching also really need to be considered before doing sports activities, especially doing roundhouse kick wushu movements to reduce the risk of injury. All risk factors for injury due to competition experience, technique, previous injury history, age, overuse, physical fitness, warm-up and stretching are things to consider. History of previous injuries is the most important factor that can cause injury. Handling and care need to be done optimally to minimize the occurrence of injuries or recurrence of old injuries. In addition, physical fitness, warming up and stretching also really need to be considered before doing sports activities, especially doing roundhouse kick wushu movements to reduce the risk of injury. All risk factors for injury due to competition experience, technique, previous injury history, age, overuse, physical fitness, warm-up and stretching are things to consider. History of previous injuries is the most important factor that can cause injury. Handling and care need to be done optimally to minimize the occurrence of injuries or recurrence of old injuries. In addition, physical fitness, warming up and stretching also really need to be considered before doing sports activities, especially doing roundhouse kick wushu movements to reduce the risk of injury. History of previous injuries is the most important factor that can cause injury. Handling and care need to be done optimally to minimize the occurrence of injuries or recurrence of old injuries. In addition, physical fitness, warming up and stretching also really need to be considered before doing sports activities, especially doing roundhouse kick wushu movements to reduce the risk of injury. History of previous injuries is the most important factor that can cause injury. Handling and care need to be done optimally to minimize the occurrence of injuries or recurrence of old injuries. In addition, physical fitness, warming up and stretching also really need to be considered before doing sports activities, especially doing roundhouse kick wushu movements to reduce the risk of injury.

Hamstring and knee injuries are associated with isometric hip and trunk muscle strength in elite Australian Rules and Rugby League players

ObjectivesThis study investigated relationships between isometric trunk and hip extensor strength, lumbar muscle morphology, and the risk of hamstring and knee ligament injuries in Australian Football League and National Rugby League players. DesignProspective cohort study. MethodsTrunk and hip extensor strength, multifidus and quadratus lumborum cross-sectional area were measured during the 2020 pre-season. Logistic regressions and decision trees were employed to explore associations between maximum strength, strength endurance, multifidus and quadratus lumborum cross-sectional area, age, previous injuries, and hamstring and knee ligament injury risk. ResultsGreater strength endurance [odds ratio = 0.42 (0.23–0.74), p = 0.004] and maximum strength [odds ratio = 0.55 (0.31–0.94), p = 0.039] reduced hamstring injury risk. Increased risk of knee ligament injuries was associated with larger multifidus [odds ratio = 1.66 (1.14–2.45), p = 0.008] and higher multifidus to quadratus lumborum ratio (odds ratio = 1.57 (1.13–2.23), p = 0.008]. Decision tree models indicated that low strength endurance (< 99 Nm) characterised hamstring strains, while high (≥ 1.33) multifidus to quadratus lumborum ratio mitigated risk. Knee ligament injuries were associated with larger (≥ 8.49 cm2) multifidus, greater (≥ 1.25) multifidus to quadratus lumborum ratio, and lower maximum strength (< 9.24 N/kg). ConclusionsPlayers with lower trunk and hip extensor maximum strength and strength endurance had increased risk of hamstring injuries, while knee ligament injury risk was elevated with larger multifidus cross-sectional area, higher multifidus to quadratus lumborum ratio, and lower maximum trunk and hip extensor strength.

Variation in carrying angle - A normative study

The synovial joint that comprises the elbow is a hinge joint with a single degree of freedom, allowing for flexion and extension movements. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the varying carrying angles that were observed. An observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics Heritage Institute of medical sciences Varanasi. Around 500 samples were taken for a period of 2 years. All patients of both genders inclusive of age group 8 to 19 years were taken with their consent. Asymptomatic individuals without any deformity, fractures, anomalies and previous history of surgery around elbow were included. All with previous elbow injuries and anomalies around elbow, history of Endocrine disorders, athletes and deformity occurring after any elbow injury were excluded.The present study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi with the objective to observe the physiological factors responsible for the change in the carrying angle in normal individuals in a tabulated manner. A total of 500 patients were included in the study. There was no significant (p&amp;#62;0.05) difference in carrying angle between male and females among different age groups. There was no significant (p&amp;#62;0.05) difference in carrying angle between male and females among different height groups. Only age was positively significantly (r=0.48, p=0.001) correlated with carrying angle.Females had a considerably higher carrying angle (12.96±2.44) than males (12.19±1.74) (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in carrying angle across height groups or genders (p&amp;#62;0.05). Age correlated positively with carrying angle (r=0.48, p=0.001).

Risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers: a systematic review.

Climbing is an increasingly popular activity and imposes specific physiological demands on the human body, which results in unique injury presentations. Of particular concern are overuse injuries (non-traumatic injuries). These injuries tend to present in the upper body and might be preventable with adequate knowledge of risk factors which could inform about injury prevention strategies. Research in this area has recently emerged but has yet to be synthesized comprehensively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the potential risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Databases were searched systematically, and articles were deemed eligible based upon specific criteria. Research included was original and peer-reviewed, involving climbers, and published in English, German or Czech. Outcomes included overuse injury, and at least one or more variable indicating potential risk factors or injury prevention strategies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Downs and Black Quality Index. Data were extracted from included studies and reported descriptively for population, climbing sport type, study design, injury definition and incidence/prevalence, risk factors, and injury prevention strategies. Out of 1,183 records, a total of 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Higher climbing intensity, bouldering, reduced grip/finger strength, use of a "crimp" grip, and previous injury were associated with an increased risk of overuse injury. Additionally, a strength training intervention prevented shoulder and elbow injuries. BMI/body weight, warm up/cool downs, stretching, taping and hydration were not associated with risk of overuse injury. The evidence for the risk factors of training volume, age/years of climbing experience, and sex was conflicting. This review presents several risk factors which appear to increase the risk of overuse injury in climbers. Strength and conditioning, load management, and climbing technique could be targeted in injury prevention programs, to enhance the health and wellbeing of climbing athletes. Further research is required to investigate the conflicting findings reported across included studies, and to investigate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42023404031).

Relationship between Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Subtalar Pronation in Female Basketball Players: Case-Control Study.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a common issue in basketball. Several studies point to subtalar pronation as a relevant risk factor for these injuries, despite their multiarticular and multiplanar nature. This study evaluated the correlation between subtalar pronation and ACL injuries in female basketball players. A total of 30 players were recruited and divided into two groups: 15 with previous ACL injury and 15 without injury. The navicular drop test (NDT) and drop vertical jump test were applied to quantify parameters such as navicular drop, calcaneal eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, and dynamic valgus. The results showed significantly higher NDT values (6.93 ± 1.64 mm vs. 5.41 ± 1.96 mm, p = 0.029) and maximum calcaneal eversion angle (10.94 ± 3.22° vs. 5.30 ± 3.33°, p < 0.001) in the injured group. There were also significant differences in maximum dynamic valgus (152.73 ± 15.00° vs. 165.26 ± 5.628°, p = 0.005) and knee flexion (93.70 ± 7.47° vs. 82.92 ± 11.14°, p = 0.004) between groups. These findings suggest that subtalar pronation, assessed by NDT, and calcaneal eversion could be indicators of higher susceptibility to ACL injuries in female basketball players.

Previous cardiovascular injury is a prerequisite for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated lethal myocarditis in mice.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antineoplastic drugs designed to activate the immune system's response against cancer cells. Evidence suggests that they may lead to immune-related adverse events, particularly when combined (e.g., anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-PD-1), sometimes resulting in severe conditions such as myocarditis. We aimed to investigate whether a previously sustained cardiac injury, such as pathological remodelling due to hypertension, is a prerequisite for ICI therapy-induced myocarditis. We evaluated the cardiotoxicity of ICIs in a hypertension (HTN) mouse model (C57BL/6). Weekly doses were administered up to day 21 after the first administration. Our analysis encompassed the following parameters: (i) survival and cardiac pathological remodelling, (ii) cardiac function assessed using pressure-volume (PV)-loops, with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) serving as a marker of haemodynamic dysfunction and (iii) cardiac inflammation (cytokine levels, infiltration, and cardiac antigen autoantibodies). After the first administration of ICI combined therapy, the treated HTN group showed a 30% increased mortality (P=0.0002) and earlier signs of hypertrophy and pathological remodelling compared with the untreated HTN group. BNP (P=0.01) and TNF-α (<0.0001) increased 2.5- and 1.7-fold, respectively, in the treated group, while IL-6 (P=0.8336) remained unchanged. Myocarditis only developed in the HTN group treated with ICIs on day 21 (score >3), characterised by T cell infiltration and increased cardiac antigen antibodies (86% showed a titre of 1:160). The control group treated with ICI was unaffected in any evaluated feature. Our findings indicate that pre-existing sustained cardiac damage is a necessary condition for ICI-induced myocarditis.

Masquelet Technique: Visualization of Cement Spacer Utilizing Methylene Blue

Masquelet Technique: Visualization of Cement Spacer Utilizing Methylene Blue

Is There an Association Between Injury History and Lower Extremity Joint Injury During Canada Games Competition?

Injuries during elite level competition like the Canada Games, occur frequently and injury history is one of the strongest predictors of future injury; however, this association is unknown in the Canada Games. To determine the association between injury history and incidence of lower extremity joint injury during Canada Games competition. Data from the 2009 - 2019 Canada Games (8710 male and 8391 female athletes) competitions were de-identified by the Canada Games Council for analysis. Injury data were cleaned and categorized for previous injury and injury type and location. Injury history was self-reported and included concussion, major surgical procedure, neck and back, trauma to joint or bone, and trauma to ligament or tendon. Injury from the Canada Games competitions were categorized to include ankle, knee, hip, and patellofemoral joint injuries. Chi-Square (χ2 ) test of independence determined association between injury history and incidence of lower extremity joint injury during Canada Games competition. IBM SPSS (Version 26) was used for statistical analysis (p-value < 0.05). Four hundred and seventy-five ankle, 503 knee, 253 hip, and 106 patellofemoral joint injuries were reported during 10 years of Canada Games competitions. There were significant associations between history of neck and back injuries with ankle injuries and knee injuries, history of trauma and overuse of ligament or tendon with hip injuries and history of trauma or overuse of joint or bone with patellofemoral joint injuries. These findings support previous literature suggesting that injury history is associated with future injury. 3.

A clinical case of posttraumatic osteomyelitis associated with &lt;i&gt;kytococcus schroeteri&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt;

Introduction. In most cases, osteomyelitis is the monomicrobial disease caused by various Gram-positive bacteria. However, previous injury may contribute to formation of a microbial association. Presence of two or more pathogens in the infectious focus can markedly complicate the disease clinical picture.Kytococcus schroeteriis one of the rarest pathogens found in clinical samples. Slightly more than twenty described cases related to such infection have been recorded globally. The aim of the research was to analyse the first identified clinical case of post-traumatic osteomyelitis associated withKytococcus schroeteriandEnterococcus faecalis.Materials and methods.The bacterial cultures were obtained from the wound discharge of the patient’s shin by the cultural method. Identification of the bacterial cultures was performed using a VITEK MS mass spectrometer followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The morphological, tinctorial and biochemical features of the cultures obtained were established, and their antibacterial resistance was also determined.Results. The clinical case was associated with the diagnosis “Chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the left shin”. Two types of microorganisms were isolated from the wound discharge, and identified asKytococcus schroeteriandEnterococcus faecalisusing the MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry method. 16S rRNA gene sequencing from the isolated bacterial cultures confirmed the MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry data. Antimicrobial susceptibility for this microorganism was determined according to the criteria for the staphylococcal group according to the clinical guide “Determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs (rev. 2021)”.Conclusion. For the first time, the mixed infection caused by two Gram-positive bacteriaK. schroeteriandE. faecalishas been described. Such associations can enhance the pathogenic effects of each other bacterium, which may contribute to transition of the infection to a chronic form with a low probability of positive cultural test.K. schroeteriis a representative of the normal skin microbiota, but this microorganism is able to cause various infections. TheK. schroeterispecies should be differentiated from other representatives of the orderMicrococcales. At cultural examination, resistance to oxacillin is a suspicious sign indicating that the bacterial culture might be potentially assigned toK. schroeterispecies. Due to the unavailability of current biochemical tests for differentiationK. schroeterifrom related taxa, reliable identification of this species is recommended using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry or 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Neurotoxic effects of a well known antibiotic!

To the Editor, Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity covering a wide range of both gram-negative and gram positive organisms. It is administered parenterally to treat pneumonia, urinary tract infections as well as skin and soft tissue infections. It is generally well tolerated with the most commonly reported side effects being diarrhea and rash. However, cefepime induced neurotoxicity is a rare but life- threatening adverse effect that, despite being described in literature, is often overlooked. According to the literature, about 15% of ICU patients managed with cefepime may develop neurological symptoms, including altered consciousness, aphasia, myoclonus, encephalopathy, seizures and coma. EEG abnormalities such as non-convulsive status epilepticus, myoclonic status epilepticus, triphasic waves and focal sharp waves have also been reported. Risk factors for cefepime neurotoxicity include renal function impairment, overdosing, previous brain injury and elevated serum cefepime concentrations.1 A case study published in 2021 reported a rare case of cefepime induced neurotoxicity where an elderly female suffering from chronic renal transplant rejection was given cefepime. Despite renal dosage adjustment, the patient developed neurotoxicity and presented with acute delirium, inability to tolerate oral intake and non-convulsive status epilepticus on EEG. Discontinuation of cefepime resulted in improvement of symptoms.2 Another case series published in 2017 reported cefepime induced neurotoxicity in 3 patients, one of whom had normal kidney function. These patients presented with asynchronous myoclonus and expressive aphasia.3 Considering the common use of cefepime in hospital settings, it is very important to heed the possible neurological adverse effects of this antibiotic which can be potentially fatal. Cefepime should be used with caution especially in individuals with preexisting renal impairment. Fortunately, cefepime neurotoxicity is reversible and usually resolves with discontinuation of the drug. In a few cases, dialysis may be needed to hasten the elimination of the drug.4 Anticonvulsants may be needed if patient presents with seizures or non-convulsive status epilepticus.5 Since treatment is simple and recovery rates are good, prompt recognition is crucial. Especially in ICU patients, recognition of cefepime induced neurotoxicity is challenging as it may present with neurological symptoms that are common in critically ill patients. Therefore, ICU patients receiving cefepime should be closely monitored. It is of vital importance to raise awareness regarding the neurotoxic effects of cefepime to facilitate early recognition which will help reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this drug.

Exploring lived experiences of gunshot wound survivors: A key to ethnographically informed public health interventions for curbing firearm violence

IntroThe high rates of gun violence in the United States are a recognized public health concern with increased attention since the 1990′s. The predominant studies used in gun violence research have been epidemiological approaches and quantitative analyses. This study, instead, examines lived experiences of gunshot wound survivors to better understand their situations. This study also compared the different census categories and their types of gunshot wound injuries. Ethnographic informed analyses may inform public health interventions to decrease firearm injuries. MethodsData was collected through a series of semi-structured interviews at the emergency department of an urban, Level-1, academic trauma center. 96 patients with gunshot wounds (GSWs) from 2018–2022 were included in the study. Thematic analysis was conducted after coding interview responses. ResultsThere was a significant difference found between the 2 census categories (White and Minority populations). Those who self-identified as white had more self-inflicted GSWs (6) than other groups. Those who self-identified in the minority population had more GSWs as a result of an altercation (36) or as an innocent bystander (20). Interview data also demonstrated a trend in changing opinions about firearms in a group of participants with remote previous gunshot wounds (pGSW). When compared to the acute gunshot wound group (aGSW) the previous gunshot wound group (pGSW) responses showed support for increased gun safety and policies that limit firearm access. ConclusionDifferent injury patterns between census groups demonstrates that multiple public health approaches will be needed to decrease firearm violence. Ethnographically informed approaches, including the support of people with previous GSW injuries, may help craft those interventions to reduce injury. Matched peer support programs represent one potential intervention to decrease secondary injury and firearm violence.

Sports-Related Injuries in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review.

Sports participation among adolescents is increasing, offering numerous health benefits and exposing them to the risk of sports-related injuries. This paper aims to understand that the prevalence and risk factors associated with these injuries are crucial for effective injury prevention and the overall well-being of adolescent athletes. This systematic review synthesizes the existing literature on sports-related injuries in adolescent athletes. A comprehensive search was conducted, yielding 11 relevant studies. The studies were analyzed to determine the prevalence of injuries and identify associated risk factors. A qualitative synthesis of the findings was performed. The included studies collectively highlight the significant burden of sports-related injuries among adolescent athletes, with prevalence rates ranging from 34.1% to 65%. Specific risk factors associated with these injuries include body mass index (BMI), physical activity patterns, age, gender, sport type, previous injuries, and training practices. Obese adolescents, those engaged in excessive weekly practice hours, younger athletes, and females were found to be at higher risk. Certain sports, such as soccer and football, exhibited higher injury rates. Sports-related injuries in adolescent athletes are a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors. Tailored injury prevention strategies are essential, considering the specific needs of adolescent athletes in different sports and age groups. Interventions should encompass physical and educational components, emphasizing proper warm-ups, protective equipment use, and injury prevention education. Longitudinal studies and standardized injury reporting systems are needed to monitor injury trends and evaluate prevention strategies effectively. This systematic review contributes to our understanding of sports-related injuries in adolescent athletes and underscores the importance of evidence-based injury prevention efforts.

Individual-differences affecting emotion regulation behaviors of injured athletes: A retrospective quantitative study.

Suppressing the expression of negative emotions caused by injuries prevents athletes from fully accepting their sports injuries. However, acceptance is maintained and promoted when positive reappraisal and suppression are synchronized. This study analyzes individual-differences affecting the use of these two emotion regulation behaviors. A questionnaire consisting of personal variables regarding athletic identity, commitment to sports ethics and emotion regulation behavior scale for suppression and positive reappraisal was conducted on athletes with previous injuries (N = 180). A model estimate using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis was examined utilizing structural equation modeling. The results indicated that commitment to sports ethics and athletic identity promoted the suppression of expressiveness toward negative emotions and positive reappraisal. In contrast, difficulty describing feelings facilitated suppression and hindered positive reappraisal. These results seem to suggest that commitment to sports ethics and athletic identity might facilitate suppression and positive reappraisal, as well as function as variables maintaining and promoting accepting sports injuries. On the other hand, difficulties in describing feelings might lead to abnormal responses caused by accumulated negative emotions due to the suppression of expressing negative emotions and lack of positive reappraisal promotion.

Biomechanical Comparison of Proximal Hamstring Reconstruction Using Distal Hamstring Graft Versus Fascia Lata Graft for Treatment of Chronic Hamstring Injury

Background: Surgical reconstruction using autografts is often required in treating chronic proximal hamstring injuries where the hamstring has retracted >5 cm. There is a paucity of evidence that evaluates reconstructive procedures using the 2 most popular autografts, distal hamstring and fascia lata. Purpose: To (1) compare failure load and elongation at failure between the proximal hamstring tendon reconstruction with distal hamstring and fascia lata grafts and (2) compare the stiffness between these reconstructions and the native state. Study design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven pairs of human cadaveric hemipelvises (mean age, 60.4 ± 5.0 years; 6 male, 1 female) with no evidence of previous injury or abnormality were dissected to the proximal hamstring origin. Through use of a dynamic tensile testing system, each specimen underwent preconditioning followed by a distraction test to determine the native specimen stiffness. Each pair of specimens was assigned to undergo proximal hamstring reconstruction with distal hamstring and reconstruction with fascia lata. Each specimen then underwent preconditioning followed by pull to failure. The failure load, elongation at failure, mode of failure, and stiffness were determined for each repair. Results: The distal hamstring group exhibited a greater failure load (mean, 334 ± 108 N; P = .031) and higher stiffness (mean, 47.6 ± 16.0 N/mm; P = .009) compared with the fascia lata group (mean, 179 ± 78 N and 23.0 ± 11.2 N/mm, respectively). Although the stiffness of the repair state in the distal hamstring group (mean, 61.4 ± 13.4 N/mm) was not significantly different from that of the native state (mean, 47.6 ± 16.0 N/mm), the stiffness of the repair state in the fascia lata group (mean, 23.0 ± 11.2 N/mm) was significantly lower than that of the native state (mean, 60.1 ± 17.7 N/mm) (P < .0001). The elongation at failure of the distal hamstring graft group (mean, 33.0 ± 6.6 mm) was not significantly different from that of the fascia lata graft group (mean, 29.2 ± 14.9 mm) (P = .58). The most common modes of failure for the distal hamstring group (29% each) were at the repair site, at the graft-muscle interface, and at the muscle, while the most common modes of failure for the fascia lata graft were at the tendon-graft interface. Conclusion: The distal hamstring group achieved higher failure load and stiffness than the fascia lata group, and stiffness of the distal hamstring group was not significantly different from that of the native tendon. Elongation at failure was not different between repair techniques. Although distal hamstring graft failure predominantly occurred in 3 distinct locations, failure of the fascia lata repair occurred predominantly at the tendon-graft interface. These cadaveric results suggest that it may be more clinically appropriate to use distal hamstring versus fascia lata for proximal hamstring reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Our time-zero study suggests that the proximal hamstring reconstruction with distal hamstring could be the preferred surgical treatment for chronic hamstring injury over reconstruction with fascia lata. The failure load of reconstruction with distal hamstring was inferior to that of primary suture anchor, suggesting that rehabilitation after reconstruction should not be more aggressive than the standard postoperative rehabilitation protocol for acute repair.

Structural and functional connectivity of the whole brain and subnetworks in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury: predictors of patient prognosis.

Abstract JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202407000-00035/figure1/v/2023-11-20T171125Z/r/image-tiff Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation, and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neurobiological markers after mild traumatic brain injury. This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury. Graph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function. However, most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations, with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity. Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encountered in clinical practice, further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical. In the present study, we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. In this longitudinal study, we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 weeks of injury, as well as 36 healthy controls. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis. In the acute phase, patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network. More than 3 months of follow-up data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity, as well as cognitive function, in 22 out of the 46 patients. Furthermore, better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks. Finally, our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal changes in connectivity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. These findings highlight the importance of integrating structural and functional connectivity in understanding the occurrence and evolution of mild traumatic brain injury. Additionally, exploratory analysis based on subnetworks could serve a predictive function in the prognosis of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.