Previous Formulas Research Articles

Shulan Estimation Model: A New Formula for Estimation of Standard Liver Volume In Chinese Adults

To establish a new and accurate model for standard liver volume (SLV) estimation and graft size prediction in liver transplantation for Chinese adults. In this study, the data of morphologic indices and liver volume (LV) were retrospectively obtained on 507 cadaveric liver transplantation donors between June 2017 and September 2020 in Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter and develop a new SLV formula. The new formula was then validated prospectively on 97 donors between October 2020 and June 2021, and the prediction accuracy was compared with previous formulas. The average LV in all subjects was 1445.68 ± 309.94 mL. Body weight (BW) showing the strongest correlation (r=0.453, P < .001). By stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, BW and age were the only 2 independent correlation factors for LV. Shulan estimation model derived: SLV (mL)=13.266×BW (kg) - 4.693×age+797.16 (R2=0.236, P < .001). In the validation cohort, our new model achieved no significant differences between the estimated SLV and the actual LV (P > .05), and showed the lowest mean percentage error of 0.33%. The proportions of estimated SLV within the actual LV ± 20%, ± 15%, and ± 10% percentage errors were 69.1%, 55.7%, and 40.2%, respectively. The Shulan SLV estimation model predicted LV more accurately than previous formulas on Chinese adults, which could serve as a simple screening tool during the initial assessment of graft volume for potential donors.

An algebraic construction of sum-integral interpolators

This paper presents an algebraic construction of Euler-Maclaurin formulas for polytopes. The formulas obtained generalize and unite the previous lattice point formulas of Morelli and Pommersheim-Thomas, and the Euler-Maclaurin formulas of Berline-Vergne While the approach of this paper originates in the theory of toric varieties, and recovers previous results about characteristic classes of toric varieties, the present paper is self-contained and does not rely on results from toric geometry. We aim in particular to exhibit in a combinatorial way ingredients such as such Todd classes and cycle-level intersections in Chow rings, that first entered the theory of polytopes from algebraic geometry.

Stability predictions for excavations of mountain tunnels based on [BQ] method and its field verification

In response to the engineering problems often encountered during the construction of mountain tunnels, the aim of this study is to overcome the inability of numerical simulation methods to rapidly predict tunnel construction based on the [BQ] method of classifying surrounding rock grades. Numerical simulations were carried out using FLAC3D6.0 software based on previous empirical formulas for each parameter of the GSI scores and Hoek-Brown criterion. Relying on the Luanlu Highway Tunnel Project, the engineering problems of the Nianpan and Dahongyan tunnels were firstly identified, followed by numerical simulations to quickly obtain construction predictions for the proposed changes, and finally, engineering monitoring was carried out to verify the feasibility of the method. The results indicate that [BQ] = 311 for the water gushing section of the Nianpan Tunnel, which should be changed from Class III to IV surrounding rock and constructed according to the support scheme for Class IV surrounding rock, corresponding to GSI[BQ] = 43. The maximum load-bearing ratios of the secondary lining for ordinary Class III, seepage Class III and Class IV surrounding rocks are 24.2 %, 25.4 % and 34.7 % respectively. For the Dahongyan Tunnel, the change in the length of the anchors should be adjusted to from 3.0 m to 3.5 m and the distance of the secondary lining from the excavation face changes from 40 m to 46 m. Moreover, the secondary lining load sharing ratio at the monitoring point of the maximum load of the section secondary lining generally doesn’t exceed 35 %. The method can be used as a reference for other tunneling problems.

Vector spherical wave function truncation in the invariant imbedding T-matrix method.

Both the computational costs and the accuracy of the invariant-imbedding T-matrix method escalate with increasing the truncation number N at which the expansions of the electromagnetic fields in terms of vector spherical harmonics are truncated. Thus, it becomes important in calculation of the single-scattering optical properties to choose N just large enough to satisfy an appropriate convergence criterion; this N we call the optimal truncation number. We present a new convergence criterion that is based on the scattering phase function rather than on the scattering cross section. For a selection of homogeneous particles that have been used in previous single-scattering studies, we consider how the optimal N may be related to the size parameter, the index of refraction, and particle shape. We investigate a functional form for this relation that generalizes previous formulae involving only size parameter, a form that shows some success in summarizing our computational results. Our results indicate clearly the sensitivity of optimal truncation number to the index of refraction, as well as the difficulty of cleanly separating this dependence from the dependence on particle shape.

Predicting of Process Parameters for Theoretical Concentrated Stress of Fatigue Notch Coefficient of Auto Parts Using Virtual Recognizable Performance Evaluation Research.

This paper analyzes the structure of the key parts of the car belt guide, and the average stress of the vulnerable parts is simulated by analysis software. The theoretical stress of the section is calculated. The theoretical stress concentration factor () is given. The relation between the gap radius and the notch coefficient () was studied according to a previous calculation formula. The tensile tests of real products are used as reference data. The results showed that and are linear in most cases, but there are also cases of non-compliance. The relationship between the fatigue notch coefficient and the theoretical stress concentration coefficient was closely related to the service life and fatigue strength of the product. In addition, we found that the size and direction of warpage improved significantly with the increase of fillet size, which was not consistent with the effect of adding glass fiber material. The rounded corners of ordinary PP materials usually displayed forward warping, but the addition of glass fiber into PP materials made the degree of warping smaller, or even led to reverse warping. The size of rounded corners is an important optimization parameter. The relationship between and was studied from the perspectives of virtual measurement (VM) and recognizable performance evaluation (RPM). According to abnormal filling pressure, these relationships were compared with filling data to generate a fracture initiation control model. Based on a large amount of normal process data and quality inspection data, the historical data (causes) and quality inspection data (results) were combined.

Measuring kidney function: the voice of Africa

Measuring kidney function: the voice of Africa

Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Stud Shear Connectors in Steel-SFRCC Composite Beams.

To investigate the shear performance and failure mechanism of stud shear connectors in steel fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (SFRCC) beams, six steel-SFRCC and six steel-normal strength concrete (NC) push-out specimens with two heights (80 mm, 120 mm) and three diameters (14 mm, 18 mm, 22 mm) of stud connectors were prepared. The experimental results revealed that the stud shearing failure was the main failure mode of all push-out specimens. In comparison to the steel-NC specimens, the development of cracks in the SFRCC beams was efficiently restrained due to the existence of high-strength steel fibers added to the normal concrete. The shear resistance and stiffness of studs in the steel-SFRCC beams were, respectively, 22.3% and 15.1% greater than those in the steel-NC specimens; however, their ductility was reduced, and the stud shear connectors failed in advance. The finite element (FE) model was developed and verified by push-out test results. FE analysis results indicated that the shear resistance of stud shear connectors was significantly improved with the increase in the concrete compressive strength, the stud diameter and tensile strength, whereas the aspect ratio of studs had a small impact on the ultimate resistance of stud shear connectors. Based on the as-obtained push-out experiment and FE analysis results, empirical formulas were presented to predict the load-slip curves and ultimate shear resistance of stud shear connectors in the steel-SFRCC specimens, and higher accuracy and a wider application range were obtained than with previous formulas.

Photoacoustic inversion formulas using mixed data on finite time intervals* *Funding: This work has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Project P 30747-N32.

We study the inverse source problem in photoacoustic tomography (PAT) for mixed data, which denote a weighted linear combination of the acoustic pressure and its normal derivative on an observation surface. We consider in particular the case where the data are only available on finite time intervals, which accounts for real-world usage of PAT where data are only feasible within a certain time interval. Extending our previous work, we derive explicit formulas up to a smoothing integral on convex domains with a smooth boundary, yielding exact reconstruction for circular or elliptical domains. We also present numerical reconstructions of our new exact inversion formulas on finite time intervals and compare them with the reconstructions of our previous formulas for unlimited time wave measurements.

Blenderized enteral nutrition in pediatric short gut syndrome: Tolerance and clinical outcomes.

Blenderized feeds consisting of whole food components are emerging as a preferred approach to enteral nutrition. However, there is limited evidence-based guidance for this strategy in short bowel syndrome (SBS). We aimed to explore the tolerance and clinical outcome of blenderized feeds in patients with SBS. We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of blenderized feeds in pediatric SBS. Of the 376 patients screened, 58 met inclusion criteria. Three patients were excluded because of a history of bowel transplant. Demographics, clinical history, and nutrition history were collected and analyzed. Patients had improved diarrhea though worsening gas while receiving blenderized feeds. There was no significant difference in small bowel length in patients who discontinued blends compared with those who continued. However, patients with colonic resection were more likely to discontinue the blends. In a subgroup of patients who lost weight despite improved diarrhea (n = 19), most had a history of ileocecal valve (ICV) and colonic resection, but no difference in small bowel length compared with those who did not lose weight. Our cohort of patients with SBS experienced improved gastrointestinal symptoms and stool quality on blenderized feeds. Patients without an ICV and with colonic resection were more prone to weight loss. Stepwise titration of blenderized formula with previous formula regimen may be needed in a subset of patients to optimize tolerance and weight gain. Further study is warranted to understand factors contributing to variable tolerance and weight gain on blenderized formulas to guide their use in patients with SBS.

MO1026: Performance of Creatinine and Cystatin-Based Estimates of GFR in Paediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients. Comparison of the CKD-EPI Age- Adjusted Creatinine eGFR with Previous Formulas

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential for renal function evaluation and the surveillance of kidney transplant recipients. We aimed to compare the GFR estimation by different formulas using creatinine and/or cystatin C, in paediatric kidney transplant recipients and to compare the chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation with age-adjusted creatinine values for height-independent estimated GFR (eGFR) calculation. We also intend to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) influence on eGFR. METHOD Data on paediatric renal transplant patients (n = 35) with stable graft function for more than 6 months post-transplantation were enrolled. eGFR was calculated using the revised Schwartz (bedside Cr), CKD-EPI (Cr), CKiD (CysC), Zappitelli (CysC), combined Schwartz (Cr/CysC) and combined Zappitelli (Cr/CysC) formulas. The estimation by CKD-EPI formula used age and sex-adjusted creatinine values to adult levels with 40 as assigned age (CKD-EPI40). RESULTS A total of 35 patients were included, 26 (76%) were male, with a median age of 16 (4–18) years and a median BMI of 21.27 (15.20–32.29) with a Z-score median of 3.26 (2–5). The median eGFR obtained by the Schwartz [64.39 (23.96–115.16) mL/min/1.73 m2] and by the CKD-EPI40 equation [64.99 (13.98-141.80) mL/min/1.73 m2] was similar (P = .176). When compared with the Schwartz estimation, Cys-based eGFR were significantly lower (by CKiD-CysC, 49.48 (25.47–84.68) (P &amp;lt; .001), by Zappitelli formula 51.31 (24.74–92.61) (P &amp;lt; .001), by combined Schwartz 51.37 (24.07–85.31), (P &amp;lt; .001), by combined Zappitelli 54.83 (20.64–109.68).The correlations between eGFR by all formulas were strong and statistically significant, especially between the combined Schwartz and the combined Zappitelli (r = 0.97). The same pattern of differences between the eGFR estimations was observed when BMI groups (normal versus overweight) were analysed separately, with all formulas being significantly different for Schwartz except for CKD-EPI. CONCLUSION As expected, formulas with creatinine were similar to each other but significantly different when compared with formulas that included cystatin. As demonstrated in previous studies, the combined formulas appear to be the closest estimates of the GFR calculated by exogenous methods. Thus, estimates that consider only creatinine may overestimate the GFR. The eGFR obtained by the adjusted CDK-EPI formula is similar to that obtained by the Schwartz bedside, unlike the other formulas. In this study, we did not find differences regarding the BMI, probably due to the number of this sample.

Theory of Parcel Vorticity Evolution in Supercell-Like Flows

Abstract In a prior paper, insights into tornadogenesis in supercell storms were gained by discovering analytical formulas for vorticity variations along streamlines in idealized, steady, frictionless, isentropic inflows of dry air imported from a horizontally uniform environment. This work is simplified and extended to the evolution of parcel vorticity in unsteady, nonisentropic flows by integrating the vorticity equation using nonorthogonal Lagrangian coordinates. The covariant basis vectors , , and are material line elements attached to each parcel. Initially they form an orthonormal set with in the direction of and left normal to the storm-relative wind at each level in the environment, and upward. The surface containing all parcels with the same initial height constitutes a material surface, within which initially streamwise and transverse material lines are reoriented and stretched or shrunk. The basis vectors propagate a parcel’s barotropic vorticity through time by factoring in the “frozen-field” effect. With a horizontally uniform environment, the barotropic vorticity of a parcel depends on its initial streamwise vorticity times its current plus its initial crosswise vorticity times its current . For baroclinic and frictional vorticity, each contravariant component is the integral from initial to current time of the corresponding contravariant component of the generation vector. The “river-bend” effect acting on all parts (baroclinic, frictional, and barotropic) of transverse vorticity produces streamwise vorticity (parallel to 3D wind). In left-turning steady flow, it arises from rotating toward . For steady, frictionless, dry isentropic flow, previous vorticity formulas are recovered. Significance Statement Air parcels rising in a tornado spin rapidly about their direction of motion. Theory herein describes the processes that can produce this streamwise spin in supercells. Cyclonic updraft rotation originates from strong low-level environmental storm-relative winds that turn clockwise with height. Parcels flowing into the updraft have initially large streamwise spins that are amplified by streamwise stretching. Rain curtains falling through the cyclonic updraft cause other parcels to descend and turn leftward. Buoyancy and frictional torques give them horizontal spin. Even if these spins are transverse to the flow initially, they are turned streamwise by secondary flow that develops in left-hand bends. As the parcels reach the ground and converge into the tornado, streamwise stretching greatly magnifies their streamwise spins.

A “supernormal” partition statistic

We study a bijective map from integer partitions to the prime factorizations of integers that we call the “supernorm” of a partition, in which the multiplicities of the parts of partitions are mapped to the multiplicities of prime factors of natural numbers. The supernorm is connected to a family of maps we define, which suggests the potential to apply techniques from partition theory to identify and prove multiplicative properties of integers. As an application of “supernormal” mappings (i.e., pertaining to the supernorm statistic), we prove an analogue of a formula of Kural-McDonald-Sah to give arithmetic densities of subsets of N instead of relative densities of subsets of P like previous formulas of this type; this builds on works of Alladi, Ono, Wagner, and the first and third authors. We then make a brief study of pertinent analytic aspects of the supernorm. Finally, using a table of “supernormal” additive-multiplicative correspondences, we conjecture Abelian-type formulas that specialize to our main theorem and other known results.

Influence of laser surface texturing on the flexural strength of Al2O3 and Si3N4

Laser surface texturing (LST) is well known to be capable of improving the tribological performance and reducing the friction of ceramic surfaces. However, the influence of LST on the flexural strength of ceramics has rarely been researched.In this study, we examine the influence of LST on high purity (> 99.5 wt%) dense-sintered fine Al2O3 and hot-pressed fine Si3N4 with polished and laser-textured surfaces based on the biaxial ball-on-3-balls (B3B) test. A heat transfer simulation of the LST process is performed to understand the occurrence of residual stress. In addition, the B3B strength of Al2O3 and Si3N4 texture groups is calculated by adapting the previous formula based on the finite element (FE) simulation. Subsequently, the stress distribution in the FE simulation is used to calculate the effective volume and effective surface to study the size effect on both ceramics. It is found that LST improves the strength of Al2O3 and Si3N4 due to two reasons: it induces compressive residual stress on the tensile-loaded surface of ceramic specimens; more importantly, it reduces the effective volume and effective surface remarkably, thus improving the component strength significantly.

Validation of Several Formulas to Differentiate Thalassemia from Iron Deficiency Anemia and Proposal of a Thalassemia–Iron Deficiency Discrimination (TID) Predictive Score

Objective: This study aimed to validate the sensitivity analysis of all the available formulas for their ability to differentiate between IDA and thalassemia and propose a novel formula to improve the sensitivity of all thalassemia subtypes screening.Material and Methods: We conducted a 5-year, single-center, Cohort study on 227 microcytic anemia patients diagnosed between June 2015 and September 2020 at Chaophraya Yommarat Hospital, Suphanburi, Thailand to validate the sensitivity of all the available formulas and invent the novel predictive score.Results: Approximately three-quarters of our cases were all subtypes of thalassemia diseases while 26.9% were IDA. The sensitivity of almost all the previous formulas for thalassemia prediction ranged between 13.9%-44.0%, while the specificity varied between 0%–98.4%. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of the formulas that had favorable sensitivity was quite low. Here, a novel thalassemia–iron deficiency discrimination (TID) predictive score is proposed, which demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.4% the specificity of 78.7%, the positive predictive value of 92.0 %, the negative predictive value of 75.0%, and the accuracy of 87.2%.Conclusion: The proposed TID predictive score is a novel uncomplicated formulation which offers high sensitivity for all thalassemia subtypes prediction.

Experimental, numerical, and analytical study of concrete beams reinforced with steel stirrups and embedded with functional plates

This study experimentally, numerically, and analytically investigates the shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams embedded with functional plates as shear and tensile reinforcement. Experiments on four RC beams including two reference specimens and two plated specimens are conducted. The beams are simulated by the finite element method (FEM) with the commercial package ANSYS. A parametric study for examining the important design variables is conducted by FEM simulation. Based on the experimental and numerical data, a new expression for the shear strength model of plate-RC beams is proposed. Results show that the embedment of the continuous functional plates enhances the performance of RC beams with respect to the load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and deformation. The FE models can predict the structural responses of the steel-plate RC beams with high accuracy. Results of the parametric studies provide new insights into the application of the functional plates for reinforcing the RC beams as partial or entire substitutes for traditional steel stirrups. The proposed shear strength model demonstrates better prediction ability than a previous formula for the shear capacity of functional-plate-RC beams.

Numerical simulation study of wind-induced snow drifting on low-sloped gable roofs

In this paper, an effective diffusion coefficient derived from previous semi-empirical formula and dynamic grid technology combined with inverse distance interpolation algorithm are applied to simulate wind-induced snow drifting on low-sloped gable roofs. The effective diffusion coefficient enhances the diffusion ability of particles near the wall surface, and the inverse distance interpolation algorithm has an explicit format, which determines the influence of the sample point on the interpolation point according to the interpolation distance, it has a low computational expense and weakens the influence of extreme points. Two measurement parameters, δH and δM, are introduced to illustrate the impact of interpolation parameters (power law p and interpolation radius R) on the single grid adjustment and snow cover. By employing these optimisations, sensitivity analyses for simulation parameters are performed, the effects of the saltation layer height, turbulent Schmidt number, falling velocity, time step size, and wind duration on snow distribution are discussed. Finally, the redistributions of snow cover on gable roofs under various wind directions are reproduced, the snow redistribution characteristics and the relationship between roof slope and snow erosion are investigated. The results can provide a reference for predicting snow loads on gable roofs.

How to fit a response current-concentration curve? Part (Ⅱ): Synergy of heterogeneous PANI@Ni(OH)2/NF towards high performance glucose sensing and a general semi-empirical model

• Utilized a flow of hydroxylation and polymerization to assemble NEGSs. • Advanced a heterogeneous PANI@Ni(OH) 2 /NF NEGS without any conductive adhesive. • PANI@Ni(OH) 2 /NF showed a high sensitivity in a wide glucose concentration range. • Set up a general semi-empirical model of current-concentration suitable for NEGSs. • The nonlinear i – c model significantly reduced errors caused by linear fitting. Herein a heterogeneous material PANI@Ni(OH) 2 /NF, hydroxylated nickel foam (NF) modified by polyaniline (PANI), was assembled via an easy-to-operate sequential method. The hydroxylation obviously improves the reaction rate from Ni(II) to Ni (III) and the modification notably decreases the interface resistance. Benefitting from the synergy of Ni(OH) 2 , NF, and PANI, by means of three-segment linear fitting, PANI@Ni(OH) 2 /NF shows a high sensitivity up to 2248.7 μA mM cm −2 , a low detection limit of 0.52 μM, and excellent selectivity for glucose sensing when the glucose concentration ( c R * ) is from 0.001 mM to 16.000 mM. Further, we deduced a general semi-empirical model to describe the relationship between current i ( c R * ) and c R * , which eliminated the errors near the junction of two adjacent lines obviously and boarded the detection range. By comparing with the multi-segment linear fitting and our previous formula, both the mean d -value of 0.164 mA and the SD of 0.0218 mA obtained from the model are the lowest, respectively. A similar comparison was carried out in literature data, and the results are also satisfactory.

Generalized Lapse Rate Formulas for Use in Entraining CAPE Calculations

AbstractCommon assumptions in temperature lapse rate formulas for lifted air parcels include neglecting mixing, hydrostatic balance, the removal of all condensate once it forms (pseudoadiabatic), and/or the retention of all condensate within the parcel (adiabatic). These formulas are commonly derived from the conservation of entropy, which leads to errors when nonequilibrium mixed-phase condensate is present. To evaluate these assumptions, a new general lapse rate formula is derived from an expression for energy conservation, rather than entropy conservation. This new formula incorporates mixing of the parcel with its surroundings, relaxes the hydrostatic assumption, allows for nonequilibrium mixed-phase condensate, and can be formulated for pseudoadiabatic or adiabatic ascent. The new formula is shown to exactly conserve entropy for reversible ascent. Predictions by the new formula are compared to that of older and less general formulas. The errors in previous formulas arise from the assumption of hydrostatic balance, which results in considerable warm biases due to the neglect of the energy sink from buoyancy. Predictions of ascent with entrainment using the new formula are then compared to parcel properties along trajectories in large eddy simulations. Simulated parcel properties are better predicted by the formula using a diluted analogy to adiabatic ascent, wherein condensate is diluted at the same rate as other parcel properties, than by the diluted analogy to pseudoadiabatic ascent, wherein all condensate is removed. These results suggest that CAPE should be computed with adiabatic, rather than pseudoadiabatic, parcel ascent.

Study of Herbal Toothpaste Made from Virgin Coconut Oil and Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb)

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of utilizing virgin coconut oil (VCO) and gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) in several combinations on the manufacture of herbal toothpaste on its characteristics and antibacterial activity. The research design used is a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three repeats so that in this study 5 x 3 there were 15 combinations of treatments. The resulting research data is then analyzed using the F test and if the data differs is real then proceed with the Duncan News Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) test to find out the significant level difference of 5% between treatments. The determination of formulations in the manufacture of toothpaste using a concentration of 10% VCO as a toothpaste base refers to the previous research formula and the addition of 0.9%, 1.8%, 2.6%, 3.5%, and 4.3% of gambier. Based on research that has been done, it can be concluded that the addition of gambir concentrations has a real influence on the pH value and foam formation but does not affect homogeneity, hedonic values (color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall value) and the diameter of the bland zone against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The best toothpaste preparation is treatment 3, which is the addition of 2.6% of the toothpaste base preparation with a pH value of 8.42, homogeneous, foam height of 10.70 mm, color preference (3.85), the aroma (4.25), flavor (3.30), texture (3.45), overall (3.80), strong indicator bland zone diameter (34.55 mm).

Development Characteristics and Causes of a Fatal Landslide Occurred in Shuicheng, Guizhou Province, China

At about 20:40 on 23 July 2019, a high-level and long-runout landslide occurred in Jichang Town, Shuicheng County, Guizhou Province (hereafter called the Shuicheng landslide). This slope failure was highly devastating, and most of the local residents were severely affected, including 52 dead or missing. Based on the information provided by field investigations, drilling boreholes, and Google Earth, we describe the landform and stratigraphy characteristics of the Shuicheng landslide in this study. Additionally, the dataset of 1158 ancient landslides near the Shuicheng landslide is obtained by Google Earth and ArcGIS, including their morphological scales and spatial distribution characteristics, to analyze the landslide development preference in this region. Furthermore, the causes of the Shuicheng landslide are discussed by analyzing the effects of active tectonic activities on the broken basalt and the steep terrain, as well as the trigger action of continuous heavy rainfall. Finally, a previous empirical prediction formula of sliding distance is verified by the Shuicheng landslide parameters and is applied into the width range calculation of the ancient landslide risk zones, which is a kind of risk source for future landslides. The result indicates the area up to ≈3500 m away from the landslide risk source should be concerned during engineering construction in the study area. This study provides significant scientific guidance for the risk management of potential landslide hazards in this area.