Department Of Preventive Medicine Research Articles

Integrating lifestyle medicine into cancer care: A new paradigm.

179 Background: Amid rising global cancer rates and obesity-related cancer risks, oncology must blend traditional cancer treatments with evidence-based lifestyle medicine (LM) to enhance patient outcomes. LM—evidence-based interventions in nutrition, exercise, sleep, avoiding substances, and social connection —emerges as a critical tool in the care spectrum. ASCO and ACS guidelines incorporating lifestyle interventions are limited, and existing ones have notable implementation gaps. This study advocates for integration of LM into cancer care. Such interventions, supported by growing research, offer significant promise in reducing cancer treatment side effects and improving outcomes, highlighting an urgent need for their incorporation into oncological protocols. Methods: The Department of Preventive Medicine at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (CCAD) launched an LM program at the Oncology Institute. Oncologists refer to LM physicians who assess patients using an LM-validated questionnaire. Cardiometabolic risk factors: body composition, waist circumference, lipid profile, hemoglobin A1c, high-sensitivity CRP, liver function, and liver elastography are tested at baseline and 3 months. Patients receive personalized LM treatment by certified physicians, dieticians, physiatrists, and psychologists, aimed at reducing treatment side effects and enhancing cancer outcomes while improving cardiometabolic health. Follow-ups at 6 weeks and 3 months post-intervention ensure progress tracking and reassessment. Results: Initiated in January 2021, it began as a pilot program for breast cancer patients and has since expanded to all cancer patients. To date, it enrolled 425 patients, evidencing sustainability and acceptance within the patient community. Referral rates from oncologists have shown a steady increase, reflecting the program's growing credibility and utility. Patient satisfaction levels are reported to be high. Preliminary outcomes indicate improvements in both physical and psychological health metrics, suggestive of the program's comprehensive impact. Conclusions: The pioneering oncology LM program at CCAD established a transformative model that seamlessly integrates LM into traditional oncology care and acts as a bridge to survivorship. By ensuring sustained access to lifestyle interventions from the point of diagnosis through post-treatment, the program aligns with the latest research and ASCO/ACS guidelines, pioneering a new standard in cancer treatment. It can effectively address cardiometabolic risks, including obesity, and reduce treatment-related adverse outcomes. This program demonstrates the feasibility and a replicable global model, one that merges evidence-based lifestyle practices with standard oncological care to create a unified approach that could be adopted by healthcare systems worldwide, marking a significant step in the evolution of patient-centered cancer care.

Near complete genome sequences from Southern Vietnam revealed local features of genetic diversity and intergenerational changes in SARS- CoV-2 variants in 2020–2021

BackgroundSince its beginnings in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is still a problem of global medical concern. Southern Vietnam is one of the country's vast regions, including 20 provinces and the densely populated metropolis Ho Chi Minh City. A randomized retrospective study was performed to investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of COVID-19. Whole-genome sequencing of 126 SARS-CoV-2 samples collected from Southern Vietnam between January 2020 and December 2021 revealed the main circulating variants and their distribution.MethodsEpidemiological data were obtained from the Department of Preventive Medicine of the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. To identify circulating variants, RNA, extracted from 126 nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with suspected COVID-19 were sequenced on Illunina MiSeq to obtain near complete genomes SARS-CoV-2.ResultsDue to the effectiveness of restrictive measures in Vietnam, it was possible to keep incidence at a low level. The partial relaxation of restrictive measures, and the spread of Delta lineages, contributed to the beginning of a logarithmic increase in incidence. Lineages 20A-H circulated in Southern Vietnam during 2020. Spread of the Delta lineage in Southern Vietnam began in March 2021, causing a logarithmic rise in the number of COVID-19 cases.ConclusionsPandemic dynamics in Southern Vietnam feature specific variations in incidence, and these reflect the success of the restrictive measures put in place during the early stages of the pandemic.

The Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention journal’s top contributing institutions: Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Moscow, Russia)

Interview with Dzhioeva O. N.

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Postmarket Surveillance for Effective Regulation of Digital Mental Health Treatments.

Postmarket Surveillance for Effective Regulation of Digital Mental Health Treatments.

Introduction to the Compendium on Early Cardiovascular Disease.

Introduction to the Compendium on Early Cardiovascular Disease.

Features of the system of epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

The results of the analysis of the system of epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the assessment of the possibilities of its improvement are presented . The levels of organization of epidemiological surveillance in Vietnam , their compliance with the administrative division of the country ( state , provincial , district and commune levels ) are shown . It is noted that epidemiological surveillance has a passive nature and is based on the online reporting system of the Department of Preventive Medicine , which has been the official notification channel for 42 infectious diseases since 2016. For the purposes of epidemiological surveillance , all registered infectious diseases are divided into 3 groups according to the potential for epidemic spread (A, B and C), on which strategies for carrying out sanitary and anti-epidemic ( preventive ) measures depend . It has been established that modern computer technologies , including geoinformation systems , in Vietnam have found their application in certain areas of epidemiological surveillance of current infectious diseases , but further i mprovement o f t he m ethods o f t heir u se f or t hese p urposes i s r equired .

Reply.

*Department of Ophthalmology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea; †Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; ‡Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and §Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (2020R1F1A1072264). None of the authors has any financial/conflicting interests to disclose.

Abstract P2-17-04: Pharmacological inhibition of LY6K induced cell cycle arrest and DNA damage by disrupting the LY6K-Histone-Aurora B signaling axis

Abstract Pharmacological inhibition of LY6K induced cell cycle arrest and DNA damage by disrupting the LY6K-Histone-Aurora B signaling axis Benson C. Selvanesan1,2, Sheelu Varghese1,2, Justyna Andrys5, Ricardo H. Arriaza6, Rahul Prakash6, Purushottam B Tiwari7, Cara Olsen8, Daniel Hupalo2,4, Yuriy Gusev5, Megha N. Patel6, Sara Contente1, Miloslav Sanda9, Aykut Uren7, Matthew D. Wilkerson3,4, Clifton L. Dalgard3,4, Linda S. Shimizu6, Maksymilian Chruszcz6, Tomasz Borowski5, Geeta Upadhyay 1,3,7. Affiliations 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 3 Murtha Cancer Center, 4 Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics 8 Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. 5 Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland. 6 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. 7 Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. 9 Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany. Correspond Disclaimer The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily representative of the official policies of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), the Department of Defense (DOD), the United States Army/Navy/Air Force, the U.S. Government, or any other funding agencies Conflict of Interest None Acknowledgments NIH, NCI, R01 CA227694. NIH, NCI, R21CA256424. DOD, USUHS, VPR-NFP-74-9824. Biomedical Instrumentation Center, USUHS. The American Genome Center, USUHS. Antibody Characterization Program, Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health. The Polish Grid Infrastructure, Cracow, Poland. NIH P30CA51008 and 1S10OD019982-01 to Biacore Molecular Interaction Shared Resource (BMISR), Georgetown University. ABSTRACT Increased expression of LY6K is significantly associated with poor survival outcomes in many solid cancers, including triple-negative and estrogen receptor-positive breast, ovarian, gastric, head and neck, neuroblastoma, bladder, and lung cancers. Inhibition of LY6K signaling is an ideal therapeutic approach for cancer, since the LY6K protein is not involved in vital organ function. Previously, we identified the small molecule NSC243928 as a binder of LY6K using surface plasmon resonance screening and showed that its activity was dependent on LY6K expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate the structural basis of the molecular interaction of NSC243928 with LY6K protein and the subsequent inhibition of LY6K function in mitosis and cell division via Aurora B-histone pathway. We observed that LY6K interacts with phosphorylated histones and Aurora B kinases during mitosis and that this interaction was disrupted in the presence of NSC243928. Disruption of LY6K function in mitosis/cytokinesis leads to DNA damage, senescence, and apoptosis of cancer cells. We observed that NSC243928 led to increased binding of LY6K to phosphorylated gammaH2X at S139, which was dependent on NSC243928 interaction with LY6K on phenylalanine 79. Furthermore, we observed increased levels of phosphorylated gammaH2X at S139 and increased caspase-3 activation in the tumor isografts of 4T1 and E0771 mammary tumors treated with NSC243928. These data reveal that LY6K is a novel cell cycle target for therapeutic development in triple-negative breast cancer and other solid cancers with high expression of LY6K, such as bladder cancer, head and neck, and lung cancer. Citation Format: Benson Selvanesan, Sheelu Varghese, Justyna Andrys, Ricardo Arriaza, Rahul Prakash, Purushottam Tiwari, Cara Olsen, Daniel Huplo, yuriy Gusev, Megha Patel, Sara Contente, Miloslav Sanda, Matthew Wilkerson, Clifton Dalgard, Linda S. Shimizu, Maksymilian Chruszcz, Tomasz Borowski, Geeta Upadhyay. Pharmacological inhibition of LY6K induced cell cycle arrest and DNA damage by disrupting the LY6K-Histone-Aurora B signaling axis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-17-04.

Медицина студенттері арасындағы дене салмағының жеткіліксіздігінің таралуы және емдеу ерекшеліктері

In Kazakhstan, the health of students is deteriorating every year. So, over the past 20 years, the proportion of healthy students has decreased by 2.5 times at the time of admission to the university and by 4 times at the final year. The increase in the anthropogenic load, the deterioration of the environmental situation have a great impact on the body and health of young people studying. The purpose: to study the prevalence of body mass deficiency among students of Astana Medical University and indicators related to gender. Methods. A survey of students to identify body weight deficiency was conducted at the Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition from September 2022 to February 2023. The anthropometric examination was carried out in accordance with standard methods of calculating the body mass index. The study involved 1201 students aged 18 to 25 years during one time period. Results. Weight deficiency was found in 140 (12%) students who participated in the study. Depending on gender characteristics, 48 students (38%) among men and 92 students (66%) among women were observed. Conclusion. Taking into account the attitude of students to their health, constant stress due to increased mental workload, attempts to combine work with study, lack of sleep, malnutrition, we believe that the recommendations we have developed allow teachers to monitor the dynamics of treatment of body weight deficiency.

Abstracts Teaching Kitchen Research Conference Los Angeles, California October 18–19, 2022

Abstracts Teaching Kitchen Research Conference Los Angeles, California <i>October 18–19, 2022</i>

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on National Institutes of Health-Funded Researchers and Their Projects: The Role of Age, Sex, Experience, and Team Size.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social life, work environment, and well-being of millions of people. We examined COVID-19's impact on National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded extramural principal investigators (PIs) affiliated with public health and preventive medicine departments across the country and their projects; assessed PIs' confidence in achieving project goals; and investigated the role of age, sex, experience, and team size on PIs' confidence in achieving project goals during the pandemic. We sent an anonymous online survey in January 2021 to 1076 extramural PIs affiliated with public health and preventive medicine departments at US institutions; 133 (12.4%) responded. We examined the impact of COVID-19 on the PIs, their project team operations, and their confidence that project objectives would be met, using Likert scales based on age, sex, team size, and PI experience. Of 126 PIs, 94 (74.6%) felt that their day-to-day professional life was impacted a lot or a great deal by COVID-19. More female PIs than male PIs reported that their level of stress changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of 125 PIs, 67 (53.6%) made major adjustments to research operations, 46 (36.8%) made minor adjustments, 5 (4.0%) halted research, and 7 (5.6%) reported not being affected. Of 123 PIs, 89 (72.4%) reported not using NIH COVID-19 accommodations. PIs who led projects 4 or 5 times felt more confident about meeting their research objectives than PIs who led projects 2 or 3 times. Future studies should investigate how to develop more engaging support and communication strategies to assist NIH researchers in mitigating the effects of pandemics or large-scale emergencies.

Insurance Payers Should Cover Selective Coronary Artery Calcium Testing in Intermediate Risk Primary Prevention Patients.

HomeCirculationVol. 146, No. 8Insurance Payers Should Cover Selective Coronary Artery Calcium Testing in Intermediate Risk Primary Prevention Patients No AccessArticle CommentaryRequest AccessFull TextAboutView Full TextView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toNo AccessArticle CommentaryRequest AccessFull TextInsurance Payers Should Cover Selective Coronary Artery Calcium Testing in Intermediate Risk Primary Prevention Patients Philip Greenland, MD, David J. Maron, MD and Matthew J. Budoff, MD Philip GreenlandPhilip Greenland Correspondence to: Philip Greenland, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lake Shore Dr, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611. Email E-mail Address: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-2439 Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.). Search for more papers by this author , David J. MaronDavid J. Maron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-8588 Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (D.J.M.). Search for more papers by this author and Matthew J. BudoffMatthew J. Budoff https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-1946 Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA (M.J.B.). Search for more papers by this author Originally published22 Aug 2022https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061193Circulation. 2022;146:585–586"Insurance Payers Should Cover Selective Coronary Artery Calcium Testing in Intermediate Risk Primary Prevention Patients." Circulation, 146(8), pp. 585–586FootnotesCirculation is available at www.ahajournals.org/journal/circThe opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association.For Sources of Funding and Disclosures, see page 586.Correspondence to: Philip Greenland, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lake Shore Dr, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611. Email [email protected]edu

Exploration on teaching reform of cancer epidemiology course

This study aims to explore optimized teaching mode of cancer epidemiology for undergraduates, and provide scientific ideas and basis for improving teaching quality. Non-randomized concurrent control study was used. Undergraduates, enrolled in 2018, from the department of preventive medicine in A and B medical universities were selected as research objects. Traditional teaching mode was used for cancer epidemiology course in A medical university, and innovative teaching mode named "one core, four dimensions" was adopted in B medical university. After the course, questionnaire method was used to investigate self-cognition of students, teaching satisfaction and class preparation time of teachers in B Medical University. The post-class test method was used to compare the students' grades of cancer epidemiology in the two universities. The results indicated that among the 58 students of B medical university, 94.83% (55/58) students were familiar with common types of epidemiological studies and 86.21% (50/58) mastered the evaluation indicators of screening research. Among the nine teaching faculties from B medical university, seven reported that the new teaching plan helped students to learn frontier knowledge of cancer epidemiology, and eight reported the new teaching model was conducive to the interaction between teachers and students. The text score of students in B medical university was 50.34±4.90, significantly higher than that in A medical university (46.21±4.91, t=5.20, P<0.001). The optimized teaching mode of cancer epidemiology is highly praised by students and teachers, which has the potential to improve students' grasp of cancer epidemiology, the ability to combine theory with practice, and the teaching effect of cancer epidemiology.

Jeremiah Stamler, MD (1919-2022).

Jeremiah Stamler, MD (1919-2022).

Induced Seismicity and Acute Development of Anxiety and Stress-Related Mental Disorders: Findings from the 2017 Pohang Earthquake.

Induced Seismicity and Acute Development of Anxiety and Stress-Related Mental Disorders: Findings from the 2017 Pohang Earthquake.

Human brucellosis in the southern West Bank, 2015–17: a seroprevalence and molecular characterisation study

BackgroundBrucellosis is a global zoonotic disease ranked by WHO as being among the top seven neglected zoonoses. After implementing a livestock vaccination strategy in 1998, the incidence rate of human brucellosis in Palestine dropped significantly. However, in 2015 the disease re-emerged with alarming incidence rates similar to those in the period before 1998. The aim of this study was to characterise the strains associated with this episode using genetic and genomic tools. MethodsAll patients were referred to the department of preventive medicine from several public or private clinics in the southern West Bank due to undulant fever. After a careful analysis of a patients’ history to evaluate exposure to Brucella, blood samples from patients suspected of brucellosis were collected. Samples positive for the Rose Bengal test with an antibody titre of 1:80 IU/mL or more by Brucella standard agglutination test, and not under antibiotic treatment, were further cultured using the BACTEC 9240 blood culture system. DNA was extracted from the positive culture samples and analysed using three biomarkers to validate the presence of the Brucella genus, establish the species, and identify the Brucella melitensis Rev 1 vaccine strain. Nine randomly chosen isolates were sequenced using targeted next generation sequencing technology to screen for the rpoB gene mutations. Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) with 16 variable number of tandem repeats markers was used to genotype the isolates and BioNumerics version 7.6 software was used to analyse the data using the categorical coefficient and unweighted pair group method using the arithmetic averages algorithm. FindingsBlood samples were obtained from a total of 1324 patients during 2015–17. 704 (53·2%) of 1324 serum samples showed agglutination in the Rose Bengal test and 559 (79·4%) of the 704 were considered seropositive based on a standard agglutination test titre of 1:80 IU/mL or more. Only 130 (23·3%) of the 559 seropositive samples were from patients not under antibiotic treatment. Upon culturing, only 72 (12·9%) of the seropositive samples showed growth signals and were positive by PCR for the Brucella genus marker, and all isolates were B melitensis. None of the samples were associated with the B melitensis Rev 1 vaccine strain. The results of sequencing the rpoB gene by next generation sequencing showed four different single nucleotide variations that were not located within the rifampicin resistance-determining region. Using MLVA-16 analysis and the MLVA bank benchmark, the studied isolates were divided into 22 unique genotypes. A hierarchical clustering analysis for the 72 isolates and 18 B melitensis global isolates representing four major regions in the Middle East, Europe, Africa, and America, clustered the 73 isolates in the Middle East clade, providing a similarity cutoff value of more than 97% for genotype and more than 75% for clade. InterpretationThis study shows that the brucellosis episode of 2015–17 was due to B melitensis local isolates and was not associated with the Rev 1 vaccine stain. The results show that MLVA-16 is a useful tool for the public health surveillance of human brucellosis. The present study analysed samples from the Hebron governorate only. It is recommended to include more human and animal samples from different areas in Palestine to understand the molecular epidemiology of brucellosis in Palestine and to make more effective decisions regarding control and treatment programmes. FundingPalestine Polytechnic University.

Breaking the silos, stopping the spread: an interview with Jyoti Joshi.

Breaking the silos, stopping the spread: an interview with Jyoti Joshi.

International Natural Procreative Technology Evaluation and Surveillance of Treatment for Subfertility (iNEST): enrollment andmethods.

International Natural Procreative Technology Evaluation and Surveillance of Treatment for Subfertility (iNEST): enrollment andmethods.

Epidemiology and medical practice

In this unpublished work by Ricardo Bruno Mendes Gonçalves, a key figure in the field of collective health, the relationship between epidemiology and medical practice is considered. The text is based on an inaugural lecture delivered on December 16, 1988 as part of a seminar called "Clinical epidemiology: possible scientific field or new medical ideology?" organized by the Department of Preventive Medicine at the Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Brazil. This manually transcribed version of the lecture was prepared, revised, and in many cases rewritten by Naomar de Almeida Filho and Jose Ricardo Ayres, who always sought to preserve the original meaning and colloquial tone that was characteristic of his lectures.