Prevention Work Research Articles

Future directions for equity-centered body image and eating disorders prevention work

ABSTRACT This article concludes the special issue, Identifying and Closing the Gaps in the Prevention of Disordered Eating and Eating Disorders, by reflecting on some of the shared themes as the bases for guiding improvements, if not innovations, in future research. Overall, the articles in this collection highlight the progress achieved within eating disorders prevention in recent years, while addressing many of the existing—and sometimes glaring—gaps within the field. While these manuscripts represent important steps forward, they also offer conceptual frameworks and methodological roadmaps for future developments in the field. Based on prominent themes across those 12 articles, in this conclusion we recommend that future research within eating disorders prevention prioritize equity within research teams, participants, and research approaches. We encourage partnerships with non-academic teams and communities, as well as with multidisciplinary academic colleagues, to ensure that foundational research is directly translatable into program development and implementation, that our prevention efforts are sustainable over time, and that our research development and participating “audiences” include perspectives currently underrepresented in the literature. We also encourage action-based research in which research teams and other stakeholders consider ways to address policy and other systemic factors that lead to body- and appearance-based oppression and inequality.

(021) STEALTHING IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEGATIVE SEXUAL HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG COLLEGE WOMEN, REGARDLESS OF WOMEN’S SEXUAL COMMUNICATION

Abstract Introduction Non-consensual condom removal (“stealthing”) occurs when a perpetrator either says that they will put on a condom but begins intercourse before doing so, or removes a condom before or during intercourse without their partner’s consent. Up to one third of women report experiencing stealthing (Latimer et al., 2018). Stealthing is associated with greater lifetime recreational drug use and sexual shame, as well as positive sexual outcomes like pleasure, desire, arousal, lubrication, and feelings of pleasure deservingness (blinded for review). Preliminary research on the gynecological and reproductive health outcomes of stealthing reveals that experiences of stealthing significantly predict gynecological infections, lifetime pregnancy, and condom use barriers (blinded for review). Intervention research highlights the necessity of prevention programming enhancing women’s sexual communication skills to increase agency in condom use and to prevent SV. However, stealthing is a deliberate choice of non-communication by a perpetrator, and thus it is unclear if women’s sexual communication can play a role in preventing negative health sequelae. Objective The present study examined if sexual communication comfort explains associations between stealthing experiences and a series of sexual outcomes (vaginal infection, ever pregnant, times pregnant, age pregnant, contraceptive use, condom use barriers and motivators, genital self-image, pleasure deservingness, pleasure assertiveness self-efficacy, and female sexual functioning) among a sample of college women. Methods A sample of 440 women (Mage = 20.3, SD = 2.24) from an online pool at a large Midwestern US university completed an online survey regarding sexual violence and sexual health. Measures included single items regarding lifetime history of vaginal infections, number of lifetime pregnancies (including parity and gravidity), age at first pregnancy, and current contraceptive use. Participants completed well-validated measures of condom use barriers and motivators, genital self-image, pleasure deservingness and assertiveness, and overall sexual functioning. We tested associations between stealthing and outcome of interest via linear regressions controlling for other forms of SV (force, coercion, intoxication) as well as lifetime number of sexual partners. We ran mediation models using the Hayes PROCESS Macro (Model 4). All analyses were completed in R version 4.2. Results Approximately one-third of participants (30.2%, n = 133) reported stealthing experiences. Stealthing was independently associated with a history of vaginal infection, ever having been pregnant, and condom use barriers related to partner pressure. Sexual communication skills did not significantly mediate associations between stealthing and any outcome variables of interest. Conclusions Despite SV prevention work emphasizing the utility of sexual communication skills in protecting women against both SV and negative sexual health outcomes, we found that sexual communication comfort did not mediate associations between stealthing and sexual wellbeing outcomes. Findings indicate that intervention resources would be better spent on preventing stealthing perpetration. Given findings relevant to pregnancy, addressing stealthing perpetration is particularly important following the repeal of Roe vs. Wade and new restrictions to abortion access in the United States. Disclosure No.

Differenzsensible Sexualpädagogik in Forschung und Lehre in der Erziehungswissenschaft

The article deals with the current challenges of sexuality and relationship education (SRE), which refers to narrowed sexuality-related knowledge. While approaches to diversity focus primarily on building acceptance and tolerance, difference-sensitive SRE systematically addresses inequality and power relations that seep into knowledge about sexuality, desire, race, gender and class and thus significantly shape and limit SRE lessons for students. Thus, content for SRE is discussed in a way that is narrowed down to certain sexualities and/or reproduces stereotypical assumptions about non-white, non-middle class, non-heterosexual people. It is that sexuality and SRE are linked to difference, power relations and violence, which require critical consideration in terms of a reappraisal, prevention work, but also professionalization that enables teachers to reflect on the (biographical and cultural) history of sexuality.

Analysis on the mechanism and dynamics of frequent debris flows in typical alpine gorges areas—a case study of Yizhong river in Deqin County, Yunnan, China

Debris flow is a common geological disaster in mountainous areas, which occurs frequently in the rainy season and has strong mobility and destructiveness, often bringing serious loss of life and property. Previous studies have focused more on single outbreaks of debris flow disasters, and less on multiple outbreaks of debris flow disasters in the same gully during the rainy season, which makes it more difficult to carry out prevention and control work for similar disasters. Because the occurrence of the disaster has its corresponding geomechanical model as the basis, which provides the necessary scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disaster. Through data collection, field investigation, drone aerial photography, modelling and rainfall data analysis, the geological environment of Yizhong River Basin and the frequent occurrence mechanism of debris flow disasters were investigated, and a conjugate shear-type disaster-inducing geomechanical model was proposed. With the help of RAMMS numerical simulation software, the dynamic mechanism of the disaster threatening the life and property safety of the residents in Deqin County was analysed to provide the necessary scientific basis for the prevention and control of the Yizhong River debris flow disaster. Base on the characteristics of the geological environment in alpine and gorge areas, the necessity and advantage of applying the nap-of-the-object photogrammetry technology to engineering geological survey in alpine and gorge areas are put forward.

Infrared–Resin Crack Measurement and Preventive Work Technology for Maintenance

The use of thermography as a nondestructive evaluation technique is increasingly popular for maintaining concrete structures. Most inspections merely evaluate the locations and shapes of defects on surfaces. To address this shortcoming, it proposes an inspection method and preventive work using a coating-type resin sensor combined with an infrared camera. No method has been developed to assess the depth of defects. In this approach, infrared-reactive resin is applied. Thermographic images of the target area are captured sequentially. Temperature curves obtained at each pixel during the cooling process are analyzed using Fourier transform to differentiate defect states in various parts of the temperature distribution. The temperature change is found to be correlated with the defect size. Approximately 5% aluminum powder is mixed into the applied gel resin. Because of its specific gravity, it tends to concentrate in areas damaged by compression failure or to float. This report discusses technologies related to identification of defects and measuring their size in infrared-reactive resin, with examination of the effectiveness of measures to prevent scattering and collapse of defects caused by structural degradation. A concentric loading test on reinforced concrete columns confined by gel resin ties is described herein. Test variables include concrete compressive strength of 232–244 N/mm<sup>2</sup>, both below and above the equipment hole that caused the defect, and to measure the relation, a comparison with test specimens that are free of defects.

Adolescent alcohol use is associated with differences in the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome.

Adolescence is a sensitive stage of oral microbial development that often coincides with the initiation and escalation of alcohol use. Thus,adolescents may be particularly susceptible to alcohol-induced alterations in the oral microbiome, though minimal research has been done in this area. Understanding the connection between the oral microbiome and alcohol use during adolescence is important to understand fully the biological consequences of alcohol use to mitigate potential adverse outcomes. Saliva samples were collected from adolescents aged 17-19 who used alcohol heavily (n = 21, 52.4% female) and those who did not use alcohol or any other substances (n = 18, 44.4% female). We utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to examine differences in microbial diversity and composition between the groups. Foralpha diversity, evenness was significantly lower in the drinking group than the control group as indicated by Pielou's evenness, Shannon, and Simpson indices. There were no statistically significant findings for beta diversity. Differential abundance analyses revealed higher abundances of Rothia and Corynebacterium in the alcohol-using group using both centered-log-ratio and relative abundance normalization. These genera are known for their high capacity to convert alcohol into acetaldehyde, a toxic metabolite reported to play a role in the neurobiological effects of alcohol. An unclassified Clostridia UCG-014, Streptobacillus, Comamonas, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, and Parvimonas were also identified as significantly different between groups when using only one of the normalization techniques. This is the first study designed specifically to compare the oral microbiome of adolescents who use alcohol with that of control participants. Our findings reveal distinct alcohol-related differences in microbial composition and taxon abundance, emphasizing the importance of understanding the impact onthe oral microbiome of alcohol use during adolescence. Because the oral microbiome is malleable, this study provides foundational work for future prevention and intervention studies.

S-task simulation builder framework as preventive work risk analysis

S-task simulation builder framework as preventive work risk analysis

What Happens When the Police Stop Policing?

Following the murder of George Floyd, protests broke out in Seattle, WA, around the Seattle Police Department’s (SPD) East Precinct. On June 8, 2020, the SPD abandoned the precinct in an attempt to alleviate tensions with protesters. An encampment was set up and the area remained a police-free zone until July 1, 2020. The situation in Seattle provided an opportunity for a natural experiment to examine the impact of reduced policing on crime and violence. In the immediate encampment area, crime was found to be 132.9% higher than a comparable ‘control’ area that was not experiencing reduced policing during the occupation period. Adequate funding for community organizations is important for crime and violence prevention, but effective policing is critical too. Eliminating police services leads to an increase in crime, which can harm public safety. Policy makers need to simultaneously support the evidence-based crime prevention work of both police and community organizations.

A Novel Global Probabilistic Fuzzy System for Occupa-tional Risk Assessment (GPFSORA)

Occupational risk assessment is the process of estimating the magnitude of risks that cannot be avoided. Then, the corresponding assessment is carried out, using comparative tables with different evaluation methods. Current risk assessment techniques enable the individual assessment of each potential risk, but there is no method to globally assess potential risks in an organization. The motivation of this research was to develop an objective and quantitative risk assessment system through a diffuse probabilistic model integrating stochastic and non-stochastic uncertainty. To this effect, an empirical collective record was used, whose attribute of interest was the occurrence of different accident types over a period of 52 weeks. Here, each of the collectives represented a linguistic input variable. In the probabilistic fuzzification stage, the frequentist probability of the occurrence of accidents was determined. One of our most important contributions to probabilistic fuzzy systems lies in our classification of language labels based on the linguistic projection of frequentist probabilities via a projection membership function determined by experts. The use of the total probability theorem in the implication stage is also proposed. The output of the system determines the type of risk, its evaluation, and the probability of its occurrence, vital factors to be considered in prevention work. The system’s stages are explicitly described and applied to real data corresponding to construction materials distribution company. One of the relevant conclusions of this research is that the integration of stochastic and imprecise uncertainty allows for a more reliable risk assessment system.

Indoor Localization and Path Planning of Mobile Disinfection and Epidemic Prevention Robot

Introduction: In response to the challenge of autonomous localization and navigation for mobile disinfection robots in unknown environments during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the existing patent technology of mobile robots, a localization and navigation approach combining the Cartographer-Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm, an improved A* algorithm, and the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) has been proposed, enabling effective disinfection and prevention work. Method: First, a comprehensive analysis of two laser SLAM algorithm frameworks, Gmapping- SLAM and Cartographer-SLAM, was conducted, which determined the Cartographer algorithm as the optimal SLAM algorithm for the mobile disinfection robot due to its superior performance. Second, an improved A* algorithm was developed based on its principles and integrated with the DWA algorithm for optimal path planning. Result: Simulation and prototype experiments demonstrated that the proposed approach effectively solved the autonomous localization and navigation challenges faced by mobile disinfection robots in unknown environments, enabling successful disinfection and prevention tasks. Conclusion: The proposed approach has the potential to lead to new patent applications in this field.

Engaged fatherhood and new models of “nurturing care”: Lessons learnt from Austria, Italy, Lithuania and Portugal

AbstractResearch on gender‐based violence highlights the need to engage men in prevention work through social change programs that present care as a powerful antidote to violence. Implementation of such programs worldwide provides many examples of how education and support for fathers and fathers‐to‐be can promote healthy masculinities and relationships with an intimate partner and their children. This article aims to explore the findings and lessons learned from the pilot of the European Union‐funded Promotion, Awareness Raising and Engagement of men in Nurture Transformations (PARENT) project (PARENT) which sought to develop and pilot curricula adapted from the internationally tested Program P methodology. The PARENT pilot worked in four European countries to provide training activities for social, educational, and health professionals, as well as education groups for fathers and parents, with the overarching goal of preventing domestic violence through the promotion of engaged fatherhood. By reporting the results from mixed‐methods impact evaluations of pilot programs conducted with professionals and parents, this article discusses how gender‐synchronous father‐focused training can contribute to a shift toward increased positive engagement of fathers during the first 1000 days of a child's life. The article conveys the pilot's promising impact on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of professionals and parents, and it examines some of the key contextual factors, limitations, and implementation approaches that plausibly contributed to the PARENT pilot outcomes, with the aim to formulate useful considerations for future scale‐up efforts or the future implementation of similar programs to engage fathers in nurturing care and violence prevention.

Факторы криминализации несовершеннолетних осужденных

The article discusses the features and factors of criminalization of minors, analyzes the reasons for the involvement of adolescents in the criminal subculture. It also presents a generalized socio-psychological portrait of juvenile convicts serving sentences in educational colonies; The results of a study of risk factors, prevalence and specificity of elements of the criminal subculture (motives for acceptance, aspects of subordination to criminal leaders, etc.) among juvenile convicts are considered, and the directions of correctional and preventive work of penitentiary psychologists and other employees in this social group are shown.

School Counsellors’ Professional Practice in Health Promotion, Prevention and Remedial Work in Swedish Schools

According to the Swedish Education Act, schools in Sweden must provide comprehensive student health services to foster an inclusive and conducive learning environment, promoting students’ well-being and knowledge development. As part of a multi-professional team, school counsellors are essential in achieving these goals. However, national guidance lacks details on the role of school counsellors in health promotion, prevention and remedial efforts. This study addresses this knowledge gap by examining aspects of school counsellors’ professional work using theories of professions. Open-ended answers in a survey distributed to school counsellors in Sweden were analysed through content analysis. Findings show that remedial work primarily focuses on individual students’ social issues through conversation-based interventions. Preventive work targets groups and the broader school environment, often involving tasks like policy development. Health promotion work stands out with its educational component, where school counsellors are involved in Life Competence Education, often in collaboration with other school professionals.

Role of a unified preventive environment with the partici pation of pharmacy organizations in the fight against chronic non-communicable diseases

Relevance. Preserving and strengthening the health of the population is the most important task of the healthcare system, including pharmacy organizations. Therefore, it is important to unite the efforts of medical and pharmaceutical specialists to form a unified preventive environment in the region. This will make it possible to rationally distribute the resources of healthcare organizations in the fight against chronic non-communicable diseases and increase citizens’ satisfaction with accessible preventive care.Methodology. To achieve the goal and solve the assigned problems, content analysis, comparative and logical analysis, and observation and graphic methods were used. The objectives of this study were to obtain regulatory documentation data, the main strategies and recommendations of the World Health Organization in the field of protecting public health, the infrastructure of pharmacy organizations, and consumer opinion.Results. The study highlighted the main aspects of preventive activities, which are the actions of pharmaceutical specialists toward preserving public and individual health. The current state of preventive work of pharmacies in the Yaroslavl region has been studied, and the most common preventive services have been identified. The need for the formation of a unified preventive environment in the region with the participation of pharmacies is substantiated as one of the ways to improve the professional activities of pharmaceutical specialists in the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases. A model of a unified preventive environment for the regional healthcare system was developed, indicating the general and specialized functions of the organizations. An assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of preventive services in the activities of pharmacy organizations was conducted.Conclusion. An analysis of the current state of preventive activities of pharmacy chains indicates the potential of a pharmacy organization to implement a wider range of preventive services. Combining the efforts of healthcare professionals through the formation of a unified preventive environment with the participation of pharmacy organizations can provide a significant impetus in the fight against chronic non-communicable diseases.

Perceived barriers and influencing factors of psychological help-seeking amongst Chinese nurses exposed to COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused psychological problems among nurses worldwide. However, their willingness to seek professional help is relatively low, due to perceived barriers that have remained unknown. This study analysed the potential barriers and influencing factors of psychological help-seeking among nurses participating in community COVID-19 epidemic prevention work. Five variables - depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress syndrome, social support and mental health literacy - were measured from a sample of 667 nurses. Latent class analysis identified homogeneous classes about psychological help-seeking barriers and multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with potential grouping outcomes. Three categories were identified: major barriers (N = 17, 2.5%), stigma and accessibility barriers (N = 132, 21.2%) and low barriers (N = 518, 76.4%). Mental health literacy was significantly correlated with the 'low barriers' class (OR = 0.953, B = -0.047, p = 0.03), whereas depression (OR = 1.091, B = 0.085, p = 0.011) had a slightly positive effect on being in the 'stigma and accessibility barriers' class. During pandemics or other social health crises, nurses may experience psychological barriers to help seeking. Communities and hospitals should consider increasing the resources available for psychological counselling services, improving mental health awareness and literacy that may help reduce depression levels and promote mental health.

A Study on The Heterogeneity of Tropical Cyclone Vulnerability Functions in Different Provinces along The Coastal Areas in China

Coastal regions in China have long been plagued by tropical cyclone (TC) disasters, and TC vulnerability function for disaster-bearing bodies is a widely used quantitative vulnerability assessment method in face of TCs. TC vulnerability functions may vary across different regions due to geographical heterogeneity, hindering this method from universal use. This study systematically collects a 15-year-long dataset from 12 provinces in China. Six alternative TC vulnerability functions are comprehensively investigated by province, and a library of the optimal TC vulnerability functions for three kinds of disaster-bearing bodies, that is, economic, population, and crop in different provinces is developed. The heterogeneity of TC vulnerability in different provinces along the coastal areas in China is then thoroughly analyzed. This paper provides a deeper understanding of the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of disasters and disaster-bearing bodies, and provides good references for local departments to carry out more targeted disaster prevention and reduction work.

Реализация междисциплинарного подхода в психолого-педагогическом сопровождении детей, нуждающихся в длительном лечении в медицинских стационарах

<p style="text-align: justify;">This article is aimed at updating the specifics of implementing an interdisciplinary approach in psychological and pedagogical support for children in need of long-term treatment in medical hospitals. The publication describes the importance and possibilities of team interaction between specialists of helping professions in providing psychological and pedagogical support for children in need of long-term treatment with chronic somatic diseases. To implement an interdisciplinary approach, it was found that it is important to take into account the special needs of children in need of long-term treatment, their psychological and social characteristics. An approach to determining the current emotional state, higher mental functions, and personal characteristics of young patients studying in hospital schools is presented. Based on identified current needs, a comprehensive system of pedagogical rehabilitation and psychological and pedagogical support in a hospital school was formed, and the specifics of correctional and developmental, educational, advisory and preventive work of employees of the psychological and pedagogical support service were determined.</p>

HEALTH PROFILE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE OF THE COASTAL BELT: INSIGHT FROM VIZHINJAM KERALA

The Purpose of the study is to asses the extent of health condition of the coastal belt and underscoring the need for continuous monitoring and addressing the potential communicable disease concern. For this study fishing village Vizhinjam has been taken. Out of twenty wards, one fishing ward has been randomly chosen and from this ward fifty fishermen Households were selected through random lottery method. The study proves that poor health performance of this community vis a vis general rosy picture of the state. It is suggested that Environmental Hygiene is identified as an important component of preventive Social work.

Hacker Attacks on Electronic Election and Vote Counting Systems: Estimation of Damages and Methods of Protection

The purpose of this study is to find the most effective and cost-efficient ways to improve the security and stability of electronic election and vote counting systems, as well as to identify the main targets of intruders and vulnerabilities of the system to prevent possible attacks. This paper describes the main types and of hacker attacks and their mechanism, assesses the consequences of damage to the structures of electronic elections in the United States, France, Germany, Northern Macedonia, and Indonesia. The vulnerabilities of electronic election systems were investigated and the technology for their detection during development and testing was provided. Recommendations were given on the implementation of preventive work to reduce the risks of hacker attacks. The study explained the motives of the crimes committed in the cyberspace of electronic election systems.

СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА УРОВНЯ ИНФОРМИРОВАННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПО ВОПРОСАМ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ В РАЗНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ГРУППАХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ-АЛАНИЯ)

Relevance: HIV infection remains an urgent, socially significant disease in modern society. In the modern world, absolutely everyone is at risk of contracting HIV infection to one degree or another. Despite active preventive work, new cases of infection are registered every year, which makes the problem of HIV infection strategically important. Objective: To determine the level of awareness of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania on HIV infection in different age groups. Materials and methods: The questionnaires of 600 respondents were analyzed. Respondents are represented in four age groups from 15 to 35 years in equal numbers – 25%. The questionnaire included the most relevant questions about the ways of HIV transmission. Empirical data were processed and analyzed using the capabilities of the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software and analytical complex. Results: Of the 137 new HIV cases recorded in 2022, men predominate - 59.1%, while women – 40.9%. Among the established transmission routes, the highest proportion falls on the sexual (heterosexual) pathway of infection – 51.8%, the homosexual pathway – 5.1%. The proportion of people infected with parenteral administration of narcotic drugs was 41.6%, perinatal contact was 1.4%. There is a continuing trend of HIV infection among residents of working and reproductive age from 20 to 49 years old, which makes the issue of preserving the health of this group strategically important. The 18-22 age group of people studying in higher and secondary educational institutions has the most positive idea of the ways of HIV transmission and the risk of infection, which indicates the importance of awareness-raising activities. In the adolescent group of 15-17 years, there is a misconception about the ways of HIV transmission. The misconception about the possibility of contracting HIV infection in everyday conditions persists in 20.7% of respondents in the 30-35 age group and 13.3% in the 15-17 age group. The majority of respondents in each age group gave a negative answer: 15-17 years old – 44%; 18-22 years old – 44.7%; 23-29 years old – 41.3% and in the 30-35 years old group – 44%, which indicates a misunderstanding of the vertical path of transmission from an HIV-infected mother to a child, more than 40% of negative responses from respondents in each the age group. Conclusion: The level of awareness of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on HIV infection is quite high. At the same time, the adolescent age group, which is the most vulnerable in matters of risky behavior, is the least informed about the ways of HIV transmission and requires special attention. The results of the study will make it possible to contribute to the development and implementation of HIV prevention measures/AIDS and related diseases in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.