Prevalence Rate Of Non-communicable Diseases Research Articles

Thirty-year trends of triple burden of disease in the adult population of Pakistan.

The triple burden of disease, i.e. communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and injuries, has significantly affected the healthcare system of Pakistan during the last three decades. Therefore, this study aims to determine and analyse the 30-year disease burden trends through prevalence, death rates and percentages. The data for the last three decades, i.e. 1990 to 2019, was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease for Pakistan. Percentage change in prevalence and deaths over 30years was calculated. Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the triple disease burden trends and the incidence rate ratio. A relative decrease of 23.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of communicable diseases except for human immunodeficiency virus and dengue fever. A relative increase of 1.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases. A relative increase of 56.1% was recorded in the prevalence rate of injuries. The prevalence rate ratios of communicable diseases significantly decreased to 0.9796 [95% CI: 0.9887-0.9905], but the prevalence rate of injury increased to 1.0094 [95% CI: 1.0073-1.01145], respectively. Pakistan must take the next steps and develop strategies to decrease this burden and mortality rates in the population to create better outcomes and therefore help the healthcare system overall.

Spatial characteristics of non-communicable diseases and their associations to social conditions in a large urban cohort in Germany-Results from the Hamburg City Health Study.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for many deaths. They are associated with several modifiable and metabolic risk factors and are therefore prone to significant regional variations on different scales. However, only few intra-urban studies examined spatial variation in NCDs and its association with social circumstances, especially in Germany. Thus, the present study aimed to identify associations of personal risk factors and local social conditions with NCDs in a large German city. This study is based on a population-based cohort of the Hamburg City Health Study including 10,000 probands. Six NCDs were analyzed (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], coronary heart disease [CHD], diabetes mellitus, heart failure, depression, and hypertension) in 68 city district clusters. As risk factors, we considered socio-demographic variables (age, sex, education) and risk behaviour variables (smoking, alcohol consumption). Logistic regression analyses identified associations between the district clusters and the prevalence rates for each NCD. Regional variation was detected by Gini coefficients and spatial cluster analyses. Local social condition indexes were correlated with prevalence rates of NCDs on city district level and hot-spot analyses were performed for significant high or low values. The analyses included 7,308 participants with a mean age of 63.1 years (51.5% female). The prevalence of hypertension (67.6%) was the highest. Risk factor associations were identified between smoking, alcohol consumption and education and the prevalence of NCDs (hypertension, diabetes, and COPD). Significant regional variations were detected and persisted after adjusting for personal risk factors. Correlations for prevalence rates with the local social conditions were significant for hypertension (r = 0.294, p < 0.02), diabetes (r = 0.259, p = 0.03), and COPD (r = 0.360, p < 0.01). The study shows that regional differences in NCD prevalence persist even after adjusting for personal risk factors. This highlights the central role of both personal socio-economic status and behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco consumption. It also highlights the importance of other potential regional factors (e.g. the environment) in shaping NCD prevalence. This knowledge helps policy- and decision-makers to develop intervention strategies.

Prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease in HIV Infected patients coming to Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department in A Tertiary Care Centre in South India

Introduction: AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), caused by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV), is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition. Non-communicable diseases require long – term care and treatment as they are chronic conditions that result in lifelong health consequences. In our study we tried to evaluate the prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) among HIV patients. Methodology: This is a prospective study consisting 191 patients who were presented to the Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department over 2 year for various HIV related acute problems. Chi-square test was used to find significance of association of qualitative variables. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease scale (ASCVD) and Framingham risk score were used. Results: 65.45% of patients were in the age group 40-60 yrs. From the total number of HIV patients, 64.92% (123) of patients were affected by NCDs. The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia 49(25.7%) was found to be high, followed by hypertension 48(25.1%) and diabetes 36(18.8%). There is a major association (p value &lt; 0.001) linking Framingham score and CAD and a borderline significance (p=0.093) between ASCVD score and CAD. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases among retro positive patients is high and should be screened in the same manner as done for routine patients. HIV patients presents to the Emergency room with disease related deteriorations and also with NCD associated complications. When managing in the emergency room it is always essential to think of these NCDs in HIV patients and the complication it can produce. This will help in early diagnosis, evaluate the complication in more organised manner and provide effective management. This will also provide in reducing the morbidity and mortality among such patients.

Pelatihan Kader Kesehatan dan Pelayanan Posbindu Di Wilayah Sungai Raya Dalam Kabupaten Kubu Raya

The current public health problem is the increasing number of cases of non-communicable diseases (PTM). The prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases in the results of the 2018 Riskesdas has increased compared to the results of the 2013 Riskesdas. In the Sungai Raya Dalam area, many residents suffer from non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, gout and cholesterol. PTM integrated development post activities in Sungai Raya Dalam have not been carried out continuously and regularly every month. There are still many cadres, especially new cadres, who do not understand the mechanism and stages of posbindu implementation. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of cadres and to reactivate PTM posbindu activities in the Sungai Raya Dalam Region, Kubu Raya Regency. Community service activities were carried out on April 9, 2023, in the form of outreach to cadres in the form of a review of Posbindu materials and Posbindu services to the community. Material for cadres is given using audiovisual media in the form of PPT. Participants looked enthusiastic in following the entire activity agenda. There is an increase in the knowledge of cadres after being given material about the posbindu stages and posbindu services to the community have been carried out properly.

Ageism, an invisible social determinant of health for older Syrian refugees in Lebanon: a service providers’ perspective

BackgroundOlder refugees face particular challenges because their health and social needs are largely overlooked in humanitarian programmes, policies and research. The few studies available have shown that older refugees suffer from a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, including mental health problems, increased social isolation and poverty, and difficulty accessing health and social services. This article aims to provide further in-depth understanding of how service providers perceive health and social challenges of older Syrian refugees living in Lebanon by focusing on (1) their health and social challenges; (2) the available and lacking services; (3) participation; and (4) policy recommendations to improve services.MethodsThis study is based on a qualitative research approach. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with health and social workers providing services to older Syrian refugees living in Lebanon. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsStudy results clearly show that older refugees face increased marginalisation and neglect, mainly because of ageism. Ageism experienced at aid agency, family and individual levels, impacts negatively on older refugees. They have a sense of social isolation, neglect and feel they are a burden, consequently their social participation decreases, impacting negatively on their physical and mental health as well as their access to social and health care. Linked to experiences of ageism, study participants noted: (1) high prevalence rates of non-communicable diseases and mental health problems; (2) difficulties accessing care, with inadequate services to support the needs of older refugees; and (3) policy recommendations calling for an holistic approach to aid which takes into consideration the specific needs of older refugees as well as their capabilities.Concluding remarksAgeism is a key determinant of health which negatively impacts the physical, mental and social health, and wellbeing of older Syrian refugees. It pushes them to the margins of society where they are left behind by the humanitarian response, policy makers and researchers, as well as their communities and families. To mitigate this situation, this article calls for directly addressing ageism on social, service and policy levels.

PENYEGARAN KADER DAN PELAYANAN POSBINDU

prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases in the 2018 based on National Basic Research on public’s results has increased compared to the results of Nasional Basic research in 2013. Cepit Pendowoharjo Hamlet has many residents who suffer from non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, gout and cholesterol. The activities of the Posbindu in the Cepit village have not been carried out continuously and regularly every month. There are still many cadres, especially new cadres who do not understand the mechanism and stages of implementing posbindu. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of cadres and reactivate posbindu’s activities in Cepit Hamlet, Pendowoharjo Bantul. Community service activities were carried out in December 2019, in the form of counseling to cadres in the form of a review of posbindu materials and posbindu services to the community. Materials for cadres are given using audiovisual media in the form of PPT and video. Posbindu services are carried out with a 5 table system. Participants seemed enthusiastic in following the entire agenda of activities. There is an increase in the knowledge of cadres after being given material about the stages of posbindu and the posbindu services to the community have been given well.&#x0D;

Towards the Development of an Intervention to Address Social Determinants of Non-Communicable Disease in Kerala, India: A Mixed Methods Study.

In India, cardiovascular disease (CVD), with hypertension as its foremost risk factor, has the highest prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and a rising mortality. Previous research has found a clustering of behavioural and social risks pertaining to NCDs, though the latter are infrequently addressed in public health interventions in India. This paper reaches toward the development of a social intervention to address social determinants of NCD relating to hypertension and diabetes. We used Theory of Change (ToC) as a theoretical approach to programme design. Mixed methods were used, including qualitative interviews with community members (n = 20), Accredited Social Health Activists (n = 6) and health professionals (n = 8), and a stakeholder workshop (n = 5 participants). The recruitment of participants from one local area in Kerala enabled us to map service provision and gain a holistic understanding of how to utilise the existing workforce to target social risk factors. The findings suggest that social interventions need to focus on ensuring health behaviour information reaches all parts of the community, and that those with more social risk factors are identified and supported to engage with treatment. Further research is required to test the resulting intervention model.

Increased Risk of Hospitalization and Death in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Noncommunicable Diseases and Modifiable Risk Factors in Mexico

BackgroundThe population in Mexico has high prevalence rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Hospitalization and death of COVID-19 patients in the countries most affected by the pandemic has been associated to chronic comorbidities.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of NCDs in patients with COVID-19 in Mexico and analyze the increased risk due to comorbidities and risk factors on hospitalization, utilization of intensive care units and death.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed from 212,802 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the Ministry of Health up to June 27, 2020. Odds ratios were performed using logistic regression model.ResultsUp to 47.40% of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis were also reported with a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most frequent (20.12%). The report of at least one NCD significantly increased the risk of death with respect to patients without such diagnoses. Chronic kidney disease increased the risk of death the most (OR 2.31), followed by diabetes (OR 1.69), immunosuppression (OR 1.62), obesity (OR 1.42), hypertension (OR 1.24), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.20). The comorbidities that most increased the risk of ICU and of intubation were diabetes, immunosuppression and obesity.ConclusionNCD comorbidities increase the severity of COVID-19 infection. Given high NCD prevalence rates among the Mexican population, the pandemic poses a special threat to the health system and to society. Special prevention measures need to be strengthened for persons with NCD diagnoses in the short-term. In the mid-term, disease control strategies need to be improved to protect these patients against COVID-19 severity.

Al-Qassim industrial area and its role in changing the diseases patterns among workers over the past five years (2011-2015)

Background: Rapid growing in the economy in Saudi Arabia was observed in the last ten years, an increase in industrial growth rate, followed by an increase in the number of new workers, which requires further action for, prevention and control of occupational health.Methods: This was a descriptive- retrospective study depended on the medical records of employees who attending Qassim Industrial area, from the year 2011 to 2015. The study aimed to evaluate the role of industries in changing the diseases patterns among workers over the past five years and to assess the distribution of these patterns among the different types of industries. Samples were selected from the 25 factories, it represented the most common and hazardous industries in the region. Medical records used were only the records in a health center in the area. The study included workers in different sections of the factories. All of the team members were oriented about the objectives and other issues related to the study.Results: The study showed a marked increase in the overall prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases under the study (cardiovascular diseases, eye, derma, respiratory infection, hearing, impairment, and diabetes) from 7.1% to 15.7% from the year 2011 to 2015.Conclusions: A marked increase in the overall prevalence rate of studied non-communicable disease shown from the year 2011 to 2015, comparing with the year 2011 when respondents joined their work, while no changes in the nature of the disease and no new unspecified types of diseases were recorded.

Non-communicable diseases, infection and survival in a retrospective cohort of Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults in central Australia

ObjectivesWe hypothesise that rising prevalence rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increase infection risk and worsen outcomes among socially disadvantaged Indigenous Australians undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition.DesignAvailable pathology, imaging and discharge...

Analysis on the changing trends of non-communicable diseases in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, from 1998 to 2008

To understand the changing trends of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 1998 to 2008. A stratified-cluster random sampling based cross-sectional NCDs survey was carried out in 2008, and using the data of NCDs from the health service surveys in 1998 and 2004, in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The prevalence rate of NCDs was standardization according to age proportion of the population being surveyed in 1998. In 1998, 2004 and 2008, the prevalence rates of NCDs in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were 17.26%, 25.61%, 24.85% while the Standardized rates of NCDs were 17.26%, 23.54% and 20.49% respectively. The prevalence rates of NCDs were statistically significant different in 35-, 45-, 55- and over 65 age groups in 1998, 2004 and 2008 which showed an consecutive upward trend. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased significantly from 1998 to 2008. The prevalence rate of hypertensive disease among 25- age group, diabetes among 35- age group, cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease among 45- age groups showed an increasing trend. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, together with diabetes were the fastest increasing ones over the past 10 years and becoming the major diseases, making the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps an aging population. NCDs should be prioritized in the health development plan. Targeted health education should be carried out in the whole population, together with other interventions as well as management programs on chronic diseases to reduce the prevalence of NCDs.

Severe worsening of parkinsonism in Lewy body dementia due to donepezil

<h3>Objectives</h3> We hypothesise that rising prevalence rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increase infection risk and worsen outcomes among socially disadvantaged Indigenous Australians undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition. <h3>Design</h3> Available pathology, imaging and discharge morbidity codes were retrospectively reviewed for a period of 5 years prior to admission with a bloodstream infection (BSI), 1 January 2003 to 30 June 2007. <h3>Participants</h3> 558 Indigenous and 55 non-Indigenous community residents of central Australia. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> The effects of NCDs on risk of infection and death were determined after stratifying by ethnicity. <h3>Results</h3> The mean annual BSI incidence rates were far higher among Indigenous residents (Indigenous, 937/100 000; non-Indigenous, 64/100 000 person-years; IRR=14.6; 95% CI 14.61 to 14.65, p&lt;0.001). Indigenous patients were also more likely to have previous bacterial infections (68.7% vs 34.6%; respectively, p&lt;0.001), diabetes (44.3% vs 20%; p&lt;0.001), harmful alcohol consumption (37% vs 12.7%; p&lt;0.001) and other communicable diseases (human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, 45.2%; strongyloidiasis, 36.1%; hepatitis B virus, 12.9%). Among Indigenous patients, diabetes increased the odds of current <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> BSI (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5) and prior skin infections (adjusted OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.3). Harmful alcohol consumption increased the odds of current <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> BSI (OR=1.57, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.40) and of previous BSI (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5), skin infection (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6) or pneumonia (OR=4.3, 95% CI 2.8 to 6.7). Twenty-six per cent of Indigenous patients died at a mean (SD) age of 47±15 years. Complications of diabetes and harmful alcohol consumption predicted 28-day mortality (non-rheumatic heart disease, HR=2.9; 95% CI 1.4 to 6.2; chronic renal failure, HR=2.6, 95%CI 1.0 to 6.5; chronic liver disease, HR=3.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.7). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In a socially disadvantaged population undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition, NCDs are associated with an increased risk of infection and BSI-related mortality. Complex interactions between communicable diseases and NCDs demand an integrated approach to management, which must include the empowerment of affected populations to promote behavioural change.