Prevalence Of Tooth Loss Research Articles

Socio-demographic factors related to periodontal status and tooth loss of pregnant women in Mbale district, Uganda

BackgroundInformation on the socio-behavioral distribution of periodontal status and tooth loss in pregnancy emanating from sub Saharan Africa is sparse. This study examined periodontal status and tooth loss in pregnant Ugandan women and assessed the relationship with socio-demographics factors, parity, dental care and oral hygiene.MethodsMothers were participants of a multicentre cluster-randomized behavioral intervention study (PROMISE-EBF Safety and Efficacy of Exclusive Breast feeding Promotion in the Era of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa). In Uganda, these were pregnant women resident in Mbale district, recruited into the PROMISE EBF study between January 2006 and June 2008. A total of 886 women were eligible to participate of whom information became available for 877 (participation rate 98.9%, mean age 25.6) women who participated in the recruitment interview and 713 (mean age 25.5) women who got a clinical oral examination. Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN).ResultsThe prevalence of tooth loss was 35.7%, 0.6% presented with pockets shallow pockets (4–5 mm), whereas 3.3% and 63.4% displayed bleeding and calculus, respectively. A total of 32.7% were without any sign of periodontal disease. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that older women, women from larger households and those presenting with microbial plaque were respectively, 3.4, 1.4 and 2.5 times more likely to have CPI score >0. Rural (OR = 0.9), nulliparous (OR = 0.4) and women who never visited a dentist (OR = 0.04) were less likely, whereas women from larger households (OR = 1.5) were more likely to have lost at least one tooth.ConclusionThe results revealed moderate prevalence of bleeding and tooth loss, high prevalence of calculus, low frequency of pockets 4–5 mm. Disparity in pregnant women's oral health related to parity suggests that education of maternity care providers concerning oral health in pregnancy is warranted.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00397150

Tooth loss prevalence and risk indicators in an isolated population of Brazil

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, extent, and risk indicators of tooth loss in an isolated population of Brazil. Material and methods. Two-hundred-and-forty-two subjects, ranging in age from 14 to 82 years (mean 36.2 years), were identified by census in an isolated population of Brazil. All consenting subjects received a full-mouth clinical (DFT index and information about missing teeth) and periodontal examination of 6 sites per tooth. Furthermore, they were interviewed using a structured written questionnaire in order to gather information about demographic, environmental, and biological variables. Results. Of the 200 subjects (80% response rate), 19 (9.5%) were edentulous, 90% had lost at least one tooth, and 39% had lost more than 8 teeth. The mean number of teeth lost was 9.5 (95% CI = 8.2–10.8). First mandibular molars were the most commonly missing teeth. In a multiple logistic regression analysis based on a theoretical hierarchical model of tooth loss, having more than 8 teeth lost was strongly associated with adult age (OR = 18.3–17.3, 95% CIs = 4.8–69.7 and 4.0–75.1) and female gender (OR = 5.9, 95% CI = 1.9–18.2) in the final model. Conclusions. Tooth loss was highly prevalent and extensive in this isolated population. Demographic and behavioral factors played an important role in tooth loss prevalence in this population.

Meticulous Periodontal Maintenance for the Patients with Reestablished Periodontal Health may Significantly Reduce the Incidence of Tooth Loss

Long-term effects of supportive therapy in periodontal patients treated with fibre retention osseous resective surgery. II: tooth extractions during active and supportive therapy Carnevale G, Cairo F, Tonetti MS. J Clin Periodontol 2007;34(4):342-8 2 The purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the prevalence of tooth loss during active therapy and long-term maintenance and (2) the clinical reasons associated with these extractions. Self-funded. Cohort study

Analisis hubungan status gigi dengan pola makan dan asupan nutrisi pada manula suku Bugis dan suku Mandar

The main function of teeth is chewing, whereas its capabilities depends on amount ofteeth remains. High teeth loss in elderly can compromise this chewing function,resulting in inadequate nutrition intake. Analytic epidemiology study of relationshipbetween dental status, diet pattern and nutrition intake in elderly of Buginese andMandarnese took 424 sample (Buginese 206; Mandarnese 216). Buginese dentalstatus showed higher prevalence of tooth loss 0-10 than Mandarnese (24.5%:18.1%),as for tooth loss 11-20 and 21-27, Mandarnese dental status showed higherprevalence than Buginese, and for total tooth loss Buginese showed higher prevalencethan mandarnese. Total mean tooth loss between Mandarnese and Buginese not somuch different, which is 20.42 to 19.58. Generally no significant diet patterndifference found between Buginese and Mandarnese. Diet pattern consist of foodprocessed to meet elderly chewing capabilities. Analysis of relationship betweendental status and macro nutrient carbohydrate and protein intake showed significantrelation (p<0.05), as for lipid intake showed relation although not significant.Analysis of relationship between dental status and micro nutrient Vitamin D, E, and Cstatically showed no significant relation, Vitamin A showed no relation at all.

Tooth loss among Saudi adolescents: social and behavioural risk factors

To examine the prevalence of tooth loss in Saudi adolescents, to investigate the reasons behind such loss and to identify any associated social and behavioural factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, from March 2006 through January 2007. A total of 484 subjects, aged 14-19-years of age, were included in the study. The subjects had a clinical examination and completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding their demographic, social, oral and general health attitudes. The prevalence and mean tooth loss were calculated, and a binary regression model was used to construct a risk prediction model. A 90% response rate was achieved. The prevalence of tooth loss was 40.9% (n=198). Permanent first molars were the most frequently missing teeth (57.1%). The overall mean tooth loss was 0.83 +/- 1.18. Both the proportion and mean tooth loss were significantly associated with sweet consumption, smoking, tooth brushing, dental flossing, dental visiting pattern and self-rated oral health. In logistic regression analysis, five social and behavioural factors had significant independent effects. Several socio-behavioural characteristics have been related to the high prevalence of tooth loss among Saudi adolescents. Tooth loss should be urgently addressed through implementation of community preventive programmes in Saudi Arabia.

Tooth and lip mutilation practices and assoicated tooth loss and oral mucosal lesions in the Makonde people of southeast Tanzania

To determine the prevalence of tooth and lip mutilation (TLM) and the prevalence of tooth loss and the associated oral mucosal lesions among adults in south east Tanzania. A cross sectional, clinical study and questionnaire administration. Rural population in southeast Tanzania. Randomly selected 217 adults aged 40 years and older. About 16% of all participants performed tooth mutilation. There were more females (20.6%) than males (11.3%) who performed tooth mutilation but the difference was not statistically significant. There was only about 17% of participants in the age group 40-54 years who performed tooth mutilation while there was 50% and 32% in the age groups 55-64 years and 65-95 years and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Tooth loss due to mutilation was significantly (P < 0.001) less than tooth loss due to other reasons in the anterior teeth and there was no tooth loss due to mutilation in the posterior teeth. Lip mutilation in form of piercing the upper lip and inserting a wooden stick called "ndonya" was found only in women. No oral mucosal lesions were found in this study group. Tooth mutilation does not lead to significant tooth loss and lip mutilation and the use of "ndonya" does not cause oral mucosal lesions in this society. Extraction of anterior teeth due to other reasons was significantly higher than extraction following mutilation while in the posterior teeth there was no tooth loss due to tooth mutilation.

Cigarette smoking and tooth loss experience among young adults: a national record linkage study

BackgroundVarious factors affect tooth loss in older age including cigarette smoking; however, evidence regarding the association between smoking and tooth loss during young adulthood is limited. The present study examined the association between cigarette smoking and tooth loss experience among adults aged 20–39 years using linked data from two national databases in Japan.MethodsTwo databases of the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) and the Survey of Dental Diseases (SDD), which were conducted in 1999, were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare with permission for analytical use. In the NNS, participants received physical examinations and were interviewed regarding dietary intake and health practices including cigarette smoking, whereas in the SDD, participants were asked about their frequency of daily brushing, and received oral examinations by certified dentists. Among 6,805 records electronically linked via household identification code, 1314 records of individuals aged 20 to 39 years were analyzed. The prevalence of 1+ tooth loss was compared among non-, former, and current smokers. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed including confounders: frequency of tooth brushing, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and intake of vitamins C and E.ResultsSmoking rates differed greatly in men (53.3%) and women (15.5%). The overall prevalence of tooth loss was 31.4% (31.8% men and 31.1% women). Tooth loss occurred more frequently among current smokers (40.6%) than former (23.1%) and non-smokers (27.9%). Current smoking showed a significant association with 1+ tooth loss in men (adjusted OR = 2.21 [1.40–3.50], P = 0.0007) and women (1.70 [1.13–2.55], P = 0.0111). A significant positive exposure-related relationship between cigarette smoking status and tooth loss was observed (P for trend < 0.0001 and 0.0004 in men and women, respectively). Current smoking was also associated with the prevalence of decayed teeth (1.67 [1.28–2.20], P = 0.0002).ConclusionAn association between cigarette smoking and tooth loss was evident among young adults throughout Japan. Due to limitations of the available variables in the present databases, further studies including caries experience and its confounders should be conducted to examine whether smoking is a true risk of premature tooth loss in young adults.

Perdas dentárias e fatores sociais, demográficos e de serviços associados em adultos brasileiros: uma análise dos dados do Estudo Epidemiológico Nacional (Projeto SB Brasil 2002-2003)

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tooth loss among Brazilian adults aged 35 to 44 years. The study also tested the association between tooth loss and demographic, socioeconomic, and dental-care utilization variables. Data were analyzed from 13,431 individuals submitted to dental examination and interviewed in the National Oral Health Survey in 2002-2003. The number of lost teeth (<or=12 and > 12) was the outcome. Exploratory variables included geographic area, gender, skin color, age, per capita income, schooling, time since last dental appointment, and type of dental service used. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. The prevalence of edentulism was 9%, while median tooth loss was 11. Tooth loss was strongly associated with living in rural areas, female gender, poor socioeconomic status, low schooling, and older age. Individuals who attended public dental care services and those with more time elapsed since their last dental appointment showed a higher prevalence of tooth loss than their counterparts after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Relationship between Intake of Vegetables, Fruit, and Grains and the Prevalence of Tooth Loss in Japanese Women

Epidemiological evidence regarding dental status and its relationship to diet and nutritional status has been limited. The present cross-sectional study examined the relationship between intake of vegetables, fruit, grains, antioxidants, and fiber and the prevalence of tooth loss. Study subjects were 1,002 pregnant Japanese women. Tooth loss was defined as the previous extraction of 1 or more teeth. Adjustment was made for age, gestation, parity, cigarette smoking, passive smoking at home and at work, family income, education, changes in diet in the previous 1 mo, season when data were collected, and body mass index. Of the 1,002 subjects, 256 women had lost 1 or more teeth. Compared with intake of vegetables other than green and yellow vegetables in the lowest quartile, consumption of the other vegetables in the highest quartile was independently associated with a decreased prevalence of tooth loss, showing a clear inverse dose-response relationship. There was a marginally significant inverse dose-response relationship between the intake of insoluble fiber and tooth loss. No association was observed between intake of green and yellow vegetables, soluble fiber, or antioxidant nutrients and tooth loss. These findings suggested that consumption of vegetables other than green and yellow vegetables and insoluble fiber may be related to a decreased prevalence of tooth loss among young Japanese women.

Relationship between smoking status and tooth loss: Findings from national databases in Japan

BackgroundA causal association between cigarette smoking and periodontal disease has been established. The present study examined the association between smoking and tooth loss using national databases in Japan.MethodsRecords of the Survey of Dental Diseases and the National Nutrition Survey in 1999 were linked electronically using common identification. Records of 3,999 subjects aged older than 40 years were analyzed using logistic regression models, controlling for confounding factors, such as age, frequency of tooth brushing, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and intakes of vitamin C and E.ResultsPrevalence of tooth loss in terms of having less than 19 existing teeth was 37.3% overall. Smoking rates differed in males (45.6%) and females (7.8%). The prevalence of tooth loss in nonsmokers, former, and current smokers was 28.5%, 38.6%, and 36.9% in males, and 38.6%, 34.3% and 38.9% in females, respectively. Adjusted means of existing teeth controlling for confounders by smoking status were 21.5, 19.7 and 18.2 in males and 19.0, 19.2 and 16.4 in females, respectively. The association of tooth loss was non-significant in former smokers but significant in current smokers: adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) relative to nonsmokers in males and females were 1.29 (0.92-1.80) and 0.86 (0.46, 1.60) for former smokers and 2.22 (1.61-3.06) and 2.14 (1.45-3.15) for current smokers, respectively. A dose-response relationship between lifetime exposure and tooth loss was seen (P for trend <0.0001).ConclusionThe findings of this cross-sectional study of a nationwide population of Japanese indicated an association between smoking and tooth loss.

Magnesium intake is inversely associated with the prevalence of tooth loss in Japanese pregnant women: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study

There have only been a few studies on the role of mineral intake in tooth loss. We investigated the association between mineral intake and the prevalence of tooth loss in Japan. We used the baseline data on 1002 pregnant women who were enrolled in the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study between November 2001 and March 2003. Tooth loss was defined as the previous extraction of one or more teeth. Nutrient intake was assessed by a validated diet history questionnaire. Prevalence odds ratios and confidence intervals were estimated by applying a multiple logistic regression model. The adjusted odds ratio upon comparison of the highest quartile with the lowest quartile of magnesium intake was 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.99), showing a tendency for an inverse dose-response relationship (p for linear trend = 0.05). There were no associations between the level of consumption of calcium, phosphate, iron, zinc, or copper and tooth loss. The present findings suggest that intake of magnesium is related to reduced prevalence of tooth loss among young Japanese women.

Tooth Loss in a Young Population from South Brazil

To assess the prevalence, extent, and risk indicators of tooth loss in a representative young urban population from south Brazil. A representative sample was drawn using a multi-stage probability cluster sampling strategy, and consisted of 612 subjects 14-29 years of age in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A clinical examination was carried out by 4 calibrated examiners in a mobile examination center. The prevalence of tooth loss was 44.8%, 26%, and 60%, and the mean tooth loss was 1.4, 0.6, and 2.4 teeth in the age groups 14-29, 14-19 and 25-29 years, respectively. First molars were the most frequently missing teeth, and the mandibular incisors and canines were the least missing teeth. Tooth loss increased sharply with age, and was similar in males and females. Having > or =4 missing teeth was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status and heavy smoking, and was significantly more likely in persons who had > or =2 teeth with caries/fillings and/or > or =5 mm attachment loss. Tooth loss is a dental health concern in this young Brazilian population. Community-based oral diseases prevention programs targeting groups having these risk factors should be implemented to reduce tooth loss.

Clinical and socio-behavioral correlates of tooth loss: a study of older adults in Tanzania

BackgroundFocusing 50 year olds and above, this study assessed the frequency, extent and correlates of tooth loss due to various reasons. Frequency and correlates of posterior occluding support was also investigated.MethodA cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Pwani region and in Dar es Salaam in 2004/2005. One thousand and thirty-one subjects, mean age 62.9 years participated in a clinical examination and completed interviews.ResultsThe prevalence of tooth loss due to any reason was 83.5 %, due to caries 63.4% and due to other reasons than caries, 32.5%. A total of 74.9% had reduced number of posterior occluding units. Compared to subjects having less than 5 teeth lost due to caries, those with 5 or more lost teeth were more likely to be females, having decayed teeth, confirming dental attendance and to be among the least poor residents. Compared to subjects who had lost less than 5 teeth due to reasons other than caries, those who had lost 5 or more teeth were more likely to be of higher age, having mobile teeth, being males, being very poor and to disconfirm dental attendance when having problems. Predictors of prevalence of tooth loss (1 or more lost tooth) due to various reasons and reduced number of occluding units followed similar patterns of relationships.ConclusionThe results are consistent with prevalence and extent of tooth loss due to caries and due to reasons other than caries being differently related to disease- and socio- behavioral risk indicators. Caries was the principle cause of tooth loss and molar teeth were the teeth most commonly lost.

Overeruption – Another Challenge?

Awareness of the occlusal changes following individual tooth loss may be increasingly important when planning treatment for patients who are likely to retain a relatively intact dentition throughout life. Some evidence exists to support dentists who are considering prevention or treatment of overeruption. This paper explores the literature available on the changes in the prevalence of tooth loss, the prevalence and presentation of overeruption, its relevance to dental restoration and the prevention and treatment of overeruption. This article reviews the prevalence and consequence of overeruption in posterior teeth.

Active and Passive Smoking and Tooth Loss in Japanese Women: Baseline Data from the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study

Many studies have shown a positive association between cigarette smoking and oral diseases. Few studies, however, have focused on the relationship between passive smoking exposure and oral health in adults. We investigated the association of active and passive smoking exposure with tooth loss in Japan. Study subjects were 1002 pregnant women. Tooth loss was defined as previous extraction of one or more teeth. Adjustment was made for age, gestation, parity, family income, education, and body mass index. Of the 1002 subjects, 256 women had lost one or more teeth. Current light smoking was independently related to an increased prevalence of tooth loss, showing a significant exposure-related association with smoking status. A significant positive association of 8 or more pack-years of smoking with the prevalence of tooth loss was observed. Also, a significant positive relationship was found between current heavy passive smoking at home and tooth loss, but not with pack-years of passive smoking at home. No measurable association between passive smoking exposure at work and tooth loss was indicated. The present findings suggest that passive as well as active smoking may be associated with an increased prevalence of tooth loss in Japanese young adult women.

Aggressive Periodontitis in an Urban Population in Southern Brazil

There are limited data about the epidemiology and risk factors for aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Latin American and Brazilian populations. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of AgP and the risk associated with demographic variables, smoking behavior, and other periodontal variables in a young urban population in southern Brazil. A representative sample of 612 subjects aged 14 to 29 years were sampled using a multistage probability method. A full-mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth and an interview were performed in a mobile examination center. Subjects in the age groups 14 to 19 years and 20 to 29 years were classified with AgP if they had four or more teeth with attachment loss > or =4 mm or > or =5 mm, respectively. AgP was found in 5.5% of the subjects. The disease occurred equally among males and females, but was twice as prevalent among non-whites than whites. In the age groups 20 to 24 years and 25 to 29 years, the AgP subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of tooth loss (90.2% versus 40.4% and 86.1% versus 43.4%, P <0.01) and mean number of missing teeth (2.6 versus 0.9 and 3.4 versus 1.5, P <0.05) than subjects without attachment loss. The AgP subjects also had significantly higher percentages of sites with dental plaque (P <0.0001), gingival bleeding (P <0.05), and supragingival calculus (P <0.0001) than normal subjects. The risk for AgP was higher in the 25- to 29-year than the 14- to 19-year age groups (odds ratio [OR] = 6.2), in the low than middle or high socioeconomic status (OR = 4.5), in moderate or heavy smokers than nonsmokers (OR = 3.1), and in subjects with > or =10% versus <10% sites with supragingival calculus (OR = 3.6). Socioeconomic status, smoking, and dental calculus were significant risk indicators of aggressive periodontitis in this population. Suitable periodontal prevention programs implementing these risk indicators may prevent or reduce the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in this and similar populations.

Lifestyle and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in Mexican Adolescents and Young Adults

The aim of the present study was to examine: (1) the prevalence of tooth loss in persons living in community dwellings and (2) the strength of the association identified between tooth loss experience and the psychosocial factors of lifestyle, stress, and anxiety. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a convenience sample where data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires of lifestyle and psychosocial factors (stress and anxiety) and a clinical examination. A total of 516 subjects aged 14-30 years of age were included in the study. Subjects had a visual dental examination. Prevalence and mean of tooth loss were calculated excluding third molars, and their related factors were adjusted in a binary logistic regression. Mean age of participants was 17.4+/-3.0 years; 45.5% were men. The prevalence of tooth loss (when at least one tooth was lost) was 20.5%. Among the 516 persons, a total of 201 teeth were lost with a mean tooth loss 0.39+/-0.95 overall. Mean tooth loss in subjects with at least one missing tooth was 1.90+/-1.26 teeth. Results adjusted by anxiety in the multivariate logistic regression model showed tooth loss was associated with lifestyle (OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.17 - 3.24), age (OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.64 - 4.26), and Angle's malocclusion II and III (OR=2.86; 95% CI=1.67 - 4.90). A slight association toward tooth loss was observed (p<0.10) in the sex and stress variables. Lifestyle and tooth loss have a substantial association. According to age group, these results suggest tooth loss is an oral health problem in the study population.

Tooth loss in permanent dentition in a rural population, Ninevah Governorate-Iraq.

This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of tooth loss among Iraqi population living ni rural areas, Nineveh Governate. A random sample of 746 subjects, compromising 280 males and 466 females were chosen from two villages ni Nineveh Governate, their age range 5-70 years and it was divided into 6 age groups with an interval of 10 years. The study shows that the percent of individuals with the tooth loss increase with increasing the age, also their mean of teeth loss increase with the increasing age, also their mean of tooth loss per individuals was increase significantly with the increasing age. The result indicated that the females reported higher percent than the males, also the mean of tooth loss were higher significantly ni females than males, the study revealed that the teeth loss ni the upper jaws slightly higher than the lower jaw for the age group 25 years and over, while for younger age group the opposite si true. The first molars recorded the higher percent of tooth loss among the other teeth. The study indicated that the more than 90% of the total individuals that had loss their teeth need fixed or removable prosthodontics treatment.

Prevalence of Tooth Loss and Dental Service Use in Older Mexican Americans

To describe the prevalence of tooth loss, to examine risk factors for having fewer teeth or no teeth, and to describe the use of dental services in an older Mexican-American population. Data from the baseline phase of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly survey conducted from 1993 to 1994, a cross-sectional survey of older Mexican Americans. Five southwestern states: Texas, California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. 3,050 noninstitutionalized Mexican Americans age 65 to 99. Twenty-seven percent of the sample was completely edentulous and 22% reported visiting or speaking with a dental care professional in the preceding year. Logistic regression analyses showed that being older or being female was significantly associated with tooth loss, adjusting for education, income, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus. Current smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.31-2.20) and diabetics (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.27-1.84) were more at risk for tooth loss, as were persons of lower socioeconomic status. The prevalence of tooth loss and use of dental services in this population of older Mexican Americans is lower than what has been previously found among older people in the general population.

Knowledge and Behaviour of Tooth Loss and Artificial Teeth among Females Residing in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of education, age and income toward knowledge and behavior of replacing missing teeth and to assess the prevalence of tooth loss among females residing in Jeddah. A ran- dom sample of female residents aged 18 years old and above in Jeddah were surveyed by written questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used. More than half of the subjects (59%) believed that artificial teeth are not as good as natural teeth. The majority of them (86%) were aware that it is better to replace missing teeth, and (83%) knew that not replacing missing teeth has bad consequences. Thirty-four percent (34%) thought it is important to replace missing teeth for only chewing food properly. There were no sig- nificant differences among different levels of education. The distribution of missing teeth, artificial teeth and type of prosthesis were significantly affected by age distribution and educational level. More than half of the respondents (64%) lost their teeth due to caries. Most of the subjects (87%) brush their ar- tificial teeth daily and 7.9% wash them with water and soap. In conclusion, different levels of education had no significant effect regarding knowledge concerning artificial teeth, and teeth replacement. Education and age have a significant effect towards missing teeth and type of prosthesis. Income was not a significant factor in relation to missing and artificial teeth, and type of prosthesis in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Caries followed by periodontal disease were the main reasons for losing teeth.