Prevalence Of Thyroid Dysfunction Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF THYROID HORMONE ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS OF DOWN SYNDROME

Down syndrome is the fourth most come syndrome caused by chromosomal abnormalities. This syndrome includes many abnormalities such as thyroid hormone disfunction. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in clinically diagnosed cases of Down syndrome patients that were confirmed on karyotyping later before including in the study. This Cross-sectional study was carried out at different Hospitals of Lahore to find out the prevalence of thyroid hormone dysfunction in 50 clinically diagnosed Down syndrome (DS) subjects from September 2019 to May 2021 by measuring thyroid function test (T3, T4, TSH), and antithyroid antibodies (ATA). A total 50 Down syndrome cases were included in the study and found majority of the patients were males 33(66.0%) while 17(34.0%) were female. Thyroid dysfunction was found in 27 (54%) of DS subjects, of whom 13 (26.0%) had hypothyroidism, 08 (16.0%) were having subclinical hypothyroidism, 01 (2.0%) had sick thyroid syndrome, 4 (8.0%) were hyperthyroidism and 01 (2.0%) were subclinical hyperthyroidism. ATA was positive in 07 (14.0%) patients of DS, of whom 02 (28%) were male and 05 were female (72%), 03 had hypothyroidism, 02 had hyperthyroidism, 02 had subclinical hypothyroidism. remaining 23 (46.0%) were having euthyroid status. This study showed 54% of down syndrome patients that were clinically diagnosed had thyroid hormone dysfunction. It can be concluded that thyroid hormone dysfunction in found in high prevalence in DS patients.

Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Patients with Heart Failure at a Tertiary Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.

IntroductionThyroid disease is an independent predictor of heart failure in patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among patients with heart failure in Mogadishu, Somalia.MethodsFrom January 2019 to January 2021, a total of 250 patients diagnosed with heart failure admitted to the cardiology outpatient and emergency departments were evaluated retrospectively. The demographic characteristics, the cause of heart failure, and the kind of heart failure were recorded. Patients were categorized into subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, low T3 syndrome, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism.ResultsA total of 250 heart failure patients. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among heart failure patients was 35.6%. The mean age of the patients was 59.8±14 years. Males outnumbered females by 159 (63.2%). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 35.6%. Out of the 250 patients that were examined, most of the patients 30(33.3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. 23 (25.6%) had overt hypothyroidism, 15 (16.7%) had overt hyperthyroidism, 20 (22.2%) had low T3 syndrome, and two cases had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Regarding the gender status of the thyroid dysfunction, 43(48.3%) were male, and 46(51.7%) were female. Regarding heart failure types among thyroid dysfunction patients, most patients were HFrEF (n=64, 71.9%), and 25(28.1%) were HFpEF. Patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were more likely to have thyroid dysfunction than those with preserved ejection fraction (p = 0.012). Regarding comorbidities among heart failure patients with thyroid dysfunction, approximately half of the patients had hypertension (40.4%).ConclusionThyroid problems are one of the most prevalent endocrine abnormalities in our practice. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common type of thyroid dysfunction among this population. We suggest that thyroid function be evaluated with cardiac function in patients with heart failure and followed up and treated together with heart failure.

Thyroid dysfunction in Portuguese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients

Thyroid hormones influence neuromuscular function, and it has been thought that this might contribute to degeneration of motor neurons. We used case-control methods to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) in ALS patients followed in our centre, between 2015 and 2020. Data from patients with neuromuscular disorders not derived from thyroid dysfunction, followed within the same time frame, were used as controls. Thyroid dysfunction was defined by previous thyroid replacement medication managed by an endocrinologist. We used odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to compare 579 ALS patients and 415 age-gender-matched disease controls. Additionally, we provide a summarized review of the literature. Hypothyroidism (prevalence of 5.0 versus 8.6%; OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.92, p = 0.023), hyperthyroidism (prevalence of 0.3 versus 1.2%; OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.06-1.47, p = 0.134) and overall thyroid dysfunction (prevalence of 5.4 versus 9.9%; OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.32-0.84, p = 0.015) were less prevalent in ALS patients than in controls, but similar to the national epidemiological data for thyroid disease. Our data are in line with the findings of most previous studies. We conclude that thyroid dysfunction is not associated with ALS.

Study of lipid profile (total cholesterol, tgl, ldl) among clinical hypothyroids and subclinical hypothyroids

Background: Thyroid diseases are the commonest endocrine disorders in the world. Thyroid hormones are among the most imperative humoral factors involved in setting the basal metabolic rate on a long rate on a long term basis in target tissues such as liver, heart. Kidney and brain. The prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction is higher than that of overt thyroid dysfunction. In general hypothyroidism is associated with hyper cholesterolemia mainly due to elevation of LDL –C levels. This study was done on the lipid profile among clinical and sub clinical hypothyroids. Materials and methods: A total of 400 subjects were analyzed to get a total of 50 clinical hypothyroids pts; 50 subclinical and 50 healthy individuals based on their thyroid profile and detailed history. Patients were taken from outpatient department at KIMS and RF with respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria and lipid profile was measured. Results: In hypothyroidism, it was observed that in hypothyroidism, there is hypercholesterolemia, increased triglycerides and LDL levels which is more in clinical hypothyroids compared to subclinical hypothyroids. Conclusion: We conclude that hypothyroidism causes worsening of dyslipidemia, more in clinical hypothyroid than in subclinical hypothyroid patients.

Clinicoepidemiological Features of Childhood and Adult Vitiligo - A Cross- Sectional Observational Study

BACKGROUND
 Vitiligo is an acquired primary, usually progressive, melanocytopenia of unknown aetiology clinically manifested by circumscribed achromic macules and histologically by degeneration and disappearance of melanocytes in involved skin. Childhood vitiligo deserves special attention as it has unique epidemiological features. We wanted to determine, compare and analyze the clinical and epidemiological features and autoimmune disease associations in childhood vitiligo and adult vitiligo.
 METHODS
 It was a prospective cross-sectional observational hospital-based clinical study conducted in a suburban medical college hospital over 20 months which involved 120 patients with vitiligo who were assessed using detailed history and clinical examination for demographic and clinical data. Relevant history and family history were noted. Investigations including complete hemogram, serum biochemistry profile, thyroid profile and fasting plasma glucose examination were performed in all patients. Data were collected, tabulated, and all statistical analysis was done by using SPSS trial version 25 and in MS Excel 2007.
 RESULTS
 The majority of patients were in the age group of 16-30 years. Among 60 patients, female preponderance was noted in the study with a percentage of 53.3 % followed by 46 % males in the childhood group. The prevalence of segmental vitiligo was more in children (30 %) than in adults (5 %) which was statistically significant (P= 0.000). In adults, there was a statistically significant higher prevalence (P=0.000) of mucosal vitiligo (30 %) than in children (3.35 %). On performing statistical analysis, thyroid dysfunction (P=0.00) and diabetes mellitus (P=0.01) were found to be significantly more prevalent in adults than in children.
 CONCLUSIONS
 This study provides clinical evidence that vitiligo at different ages has different characteristics mainly regarding an increased incidence of segmental vitiligo and a more common positive family history among children than adults. A higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus in adult vitiligo patients compared to children warrants prompt treatment in all detected cases to prevent long-term morbidity and complications.

The Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Korean Women Undergoing Routine Health Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Women are more likely to experience thyroid diseases than men. However, thyroid dysfunction risk in women undergoing the menopausal transition remains largely unknown. We explored the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction across menopausal stages. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 53,230 women aged 40 years or older who underwent health screening between 2014 and 2018. Menopausal stages were categorized into 4 based on the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop +10 criteria. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) with confidence intervals [CIs] for thyroid dysfunction in menopausal stages compared with that in premenopause. Results: The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was significantly increased during late transition and postmenopause; it remained significant after further adjustments for potential confounders (age, center, year of examination, age at menarche, parity, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index) with corresponding multivariable-adjusted PRs [CI] of 1.61 [1.12-2.30] and 1.66 [1.16-2.37] in the late transition and postmenopausal stages, respectively. A significant increase in the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was also observed in the late transition and postmenopausal stage with multivariable-adjusted PRs [CI] of 1.22 [1.06-1.40] and 1.24 [1.07-1.44], respectively. In contrast, subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism were not significantly associated with menopausal stages. Conclusions: In this study of pre- and perimenopausal Korean women, the prevalence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly elevated in the late menopausal transition. Future prospective studies are warranted to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of thyroid dysfunction in women during menopausal transition.

Newly diagnosed thyroid dysfunction presented as female sexual dysfunction: First report from Basrah- Iraq

ABSTRACT Introduction Overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction may present as female sexual dysfunction (FSD), through their hormonal effect or due to their consecutive psychiatric disorders. Objective To evaluate effect of thyroid dysfunction on FSD in reproductive-aged married premenopausal women in Basrah- Iraq. Methods We received 673 reproductive aged women with different sexually-related complaints. There were 229 women who fulfill the criteria of FSD diagnosis for more than 6 months, with exclusion of any women with any condition, medication, or intervention which might disturb the sexual function. The 229 women were tested by a cascade of hormonal investigations, including: thyrotropin stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), total testosterone (TT) with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), calculated free testosterone (cFT), estradiol (E2), and prolactin (PRL). We had diagnosed 42 women with different thyroid dysfunction and considered them as (case group), versus 187 women with normal thyroid function and considered as (control group). We used the Arabic Version of Female Sexual Function Index (ArFSFI) Scoring, which contains 19 questions in six different sexual domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain). A total score <26.55 points suggested FSD. Cut-off points for each domain (desire=4.28, arousal=5.08, lubrication=5.45, orgasm=5.05, satisfaction=5.04, and pain=5.51). We used independent sample t-test to study different FSFI domain scores, biochemical parameters, and some personal-related characteristics between women in both groups. Subgroup analysis in the thyroid dysfunction group was done from the point of autoimmunity, and thyroid hormone levels. Results The prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in FSD was 8.30%, compared 10.04% for overt thyroid dysfunction. The women in both groups were nearly matched in their age, weight, parity, duration of marriage, and FSD. All the 229 women across the two group described severely reduced FSFI scores, which were markedly around the third of the cut-off values for all scores. The PRL, TT, SHBG, cFT, and E2 levels did not bear any significant difference in both groups. The status of thyroid autoimmunity did not affect the sexual domains scores levels between women with autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and those women without. The pattern which extended to include all the studied hormones, except E2. There were normal levels of E2 for both groups, yet, women with autoimmune thyroid dysfunction had significantly higher normal E2 than women with nonautoimmune thyroid dysfunction. The pattern of nonsignificant association did not change during further subgroup analysis between women with autoimmune hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Conclusions This study was a negative case-control study. Although we get markedly reduced FSFI scores for all domains, we did not have a significant difference in women with overt, subclinical, autoimmune, or nonautoimmune thyroid dysfunction compared to control group. Any causal relation of any hormone could not be verified. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Prevalence of thyroid disorders in an out-patient department setting: a retrospective study

Background: Disorders of the thyroid gland has become one of the most common endocrine diseases affecting the global population next to Diabetes Mellitus. Data available on the prevalence of thyroid disorders among Indian population is scanty. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the local population visiting the endocrinology out-patient department of National Homoeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health, Kottayam.Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective descriptive analysis carried out among the patients attended in the endocrinology out-patient department of National Homoeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health (NHRIMH), Kottayam. Patients with Thyroid disorders who seek treatment from the endocrinology OPD for a period of six months (January 2021 to June 2021) were selected for this retrospective analysis.Results: Data were collected from the medical records department of NHRIMH and were analyzed based on the age, sex, different types of thyroid disorders and the medicines prescribed including potency.Conclusions: Females are commonly affected with thyroid disorders and the common age group is between 40 and 49 years. The most common thyroid disorder encountered is hypothyoidism and the most common medicine used is ‘thyroidinum’.

A Clinical Study on Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy and its Effect on the Fetomaternal Outcome

Background: Thyroid gland is the power house of human body. It provides energy for the various biochemical processes of the body and helps to maintain basal metabolic rate. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and to evaluate the obstetric and perinatal outcomes in such pregnancies Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur from 15 January 2021 to 15 JUNE 2021 Study Design: A Descriptive Case Series. Materials and Methods: A total of 292 cases of antenatal patients, irrespective of their period of gestation were enrolled in this study by random sampling method. Patients with multiple pregnancies and having bad obstetrical history were excluded. Detailed history and obstetrical examination, routine blood test and serum TSH were performed. These patients were followed during labour, delivery and puerperium and maternal outcome and neonatal outcomes were noted. Results: In this study we enrolled two hundreds and ninety two (292) antenatal women. Out of total 292 patients only 61 (20.9%) were nulliparous and rest of the patients were multiparous. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy was 8.2%. Out of this, 2.74 % patients had sub clinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Overt hypothyroidism (OH) was seen in 2.40%, sub clinical Hyperthyroidism in 1.71% & the incidence of overt hyperthyroidism was 1.37%. Maternal complication included: abortion (5.5%), pre-eclampsia (3.4%), abruption-placentae (4.1%), preterm labour (4.5%), PPH (4.2%) and puerperal sepsis (2.8%). Neonatal outcomes included: preterm births (5.4%),LBW (5.1 %), IUGR (6.2%), still birth (4.4%), neonatal death (5.1%), low APGAR score ( <7 at 5 minutes ) (6.9%). Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, though has a low incidence, but is associated with adverse maternal and fetal complications. Thus thyroid screening should be done in antenatal period to improve fetomaternal outcome. Keywords: Thyroid dysfunction, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Fetomaternal outcome, Overt Hypothyroidism, Subclinical Hypothyroidism.

The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoantibodies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background and objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and inflammatory autoimmune systemic disease of unknown cause that may affect many tissues and organs. Rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid disorders may occur in the patient simultaneously. The main antigens that give rise to thyroid antibodies are thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, anti-cyclic citrullinated protein, and thyroid hormone receptor. This study aimed to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and seroprevalence of anti-thyroid antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its association with inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Rizgari Teaching Hospital and CMC private hospital, Erbil, Iraq. From 15 January to15 October 2020. A hundred patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study, in addition to 70 controls. The serum levels of biomarkers were determined by the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Results: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had 6% of thyroid dysfunctions. Regarding the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 9% had positive anti-thyroid peroxidase, 13% had positive anti-thyroglobulin, and 6% were positive for a combination of both. There was a statistically significant (P <0.001) high level of serum anti-cyclic citrullinated protein and C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis than in control. Euthyroid profiles were 73% inrheumatoid arthritis patients and 82.9% in control. Conclusion: The study delineated the co-existence of thyroid disorder in rheumatoid arthritis patients with or without autoimmune origin, besides the increased prevalence of auto-thyroid antibody among rheumatoid arthritis with thyroid dysfunction.

Prevalence and characteristics of Thyroid dysfunction in patients with Depressive Disorders presenting to Tertiary care center- A cross-sectional study

Prevalence and characteristics of Thyroid dysfunction in patients with Depressive Disorders presenting to Tertiary care center- A cross-sectional study

Thyroid dsyfunctions in down’s syndrome

Down’s syndrome is one of the common chromosomal abnormalities seen. Also means yes having thyroid dysfunctions would be better than neonatal having thyroid dysfunction. The patients having Down’s syndrome are having thyroid dysfunction and the children having down’s syndrome are at higher risk to have thyroid dysfunction and these children are having both the hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The present study aims at identifying the thyroid dysfunctions among the patients having Down’s syndrome. : The present study is an observational study which is being conducted in tertiary care hospital from March 2018 to June 2019. In this study 80 neonatal having Down’s syndrome were being examined and the thyroid function tests are being performed on the patients for identifying the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with Down’s syndrome. The patients are being selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the present study it is being found that 56% of the patients were having normal thyroid function and 44% were having abnormal thyroid function. TSH value of the patients having abnormal thyroid function is significantly higher as compared to the patients having normal thyroid function. The mean of FT3 (pg/ml) among the patients having normal and abnormal thyroid function was found to be 2.9±0.4 and 2.5±0.9 respectively and the mean of FT4 (pg/ml) among the patients having normal and abnormal thyroid function was found to be 14.9±8.4 and 2.5±0.9 respectively 13.5±7.9. The study concluded that there is a significant impact of down syndrome on the thyroid function and the patients having down syndrome are at higher risk of thyroid diseases as it is found that the patients having down syndrome are having abnormal thyroid function and higher TSH value.

Accurate interpretation of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy: should we continue to use published guidelines instead of population-based gestation-specific reference intervals for the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

BackgroundConsidering the changes in thyroid physiology associated with pregnancy and poor outcomes related to abnormal maternal thyroid function, international guidelines recommend using population-based trimester-specific reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid testing. If these RIs are not available in the laboratory, implementing recommended fixed cut-off values globally is still controversial. To address this issue, we aimed to establish appropriate RI of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in pregnant Turkish women for our laboratory and compare the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction based on the established and recommended criteria.MethodsOf 2638 pregnant women, 1777 women followed in the obstetric outpatient were enrolled in the reference interval study after applying exclusion criteria related to medical and prenatal history. A retrospective study was conducted by collecting data from July 2016 to March 2019. Serum TSH was measured by UniCel DxI 800 Immunoassay System (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA). The study design relied on two approaches in order to classify pregnant women: trimester-specific and subgroup-specific; the latter involved dividing each trimester into two subgroups: T1a, T1b, T2a, T2b, T3a, T3b. The lower and upper limits of the RIs were derived by the parametric method after normalizing the data distribution using the modified Box-Cox power transformation method.ResultsThe lowest TSH value was detected at 8-12 weeks in early pregnancy, and the median value of TSH in the T1b subgroup was significantly lower than the T1a subgroup (P < 0.05). TSH levels showed a gradual trend of increase along with the pregnancy and increased significantly in the T2a, T2b, and T3b subgroups compared to the preceding subgroups (P < 0.05). Compared to the diagnostic criteria recommended by American Thyroid Association (ATA), the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was significantly different from the established trimester- and subgroup-specific RIs throughout the pregnancy (P < 0.001).ConclusionsWe conclude that establishing gestation- and laboratory-specific RIs, especially for TSH, is essential for diagnosing thyroid disorders in pregnancy, and the recommended universal cut-off values, which may contribute to the risk of a misdiagnosis or a missed diagnosis, should be taken with caution in the clinical setting. However, regarding the fluctuation of thyroid function tests throughout pregnancy, trimester-specific RIs are insufficient, and implementing split phases is required.

Thyroid check-up of people over 18 living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), malnourished followed at Notre Dame des Apôtres Hospital in Sarh / Chad

Malnutrition and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquire Immunodeciency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are public health problems. HIV/AIDS continues to have severe consequences for the nutrition, food security, and other socioeconomic aspects of HIV-infected individuals. The objective of our study is to evaluate the correlation between HIV infection, malnutrition, and thyroid disorders in malnourished people living with HIV/AIDS followed at Notre Dame des Apôtres Hospital in Sarh/Chad. The study included 36 malnourished people living with HIV/AIDS over 18 years of age, followed at the People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHIV) ward. Our study population consisted of females with 75 percent of cases with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.33. The most represented age group was between 32 and 59 years. We performed a thyroid assessment of each patient by measuring biochemical parameters such as Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Tri-iodothyronin (T3) and Tetra-iodothyronin (T4). The results obtained showed 61.76 percent of thyroid dysfunction prevalence with 11.76 percent primary hypothyroidism, 2.94 percent subclinical hypothyroidism, 5.88 percent TSH-mediated hyperthyroidism, and 41.18 percent central hypothyroidism. As a result, the cases of thyroid dysfunction were high noticed in the age group between 32 and 45 years. Furthermore, the assessment showed that 67 percent of the cases were women. From these results, we can conclude that the combination of the two conditions, malnutrition and HIV infection, weakens the immune system, thus giving way to other opportunistic diseases.

Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancies and its Obstetric Outcomes

Background and Aim: Hypertension, placental abruption, low birth weight, fetal death, and preterm birth are different pregnancy complications associated with clinical thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction is common among pregnant women. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancies and its obstetric outcomes. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted 164 antenatal women with singleton pregnancy in third trimester at the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for the duration of six months from January 2021 to October 2021. All the pregnant women irrespective of parity, socio-economics, and age were enrolled after taking informed consent. All cases of thyroid disorders and having multiple pregnancy were left out. Routinely hematological factors and estimation of TSH, fT3, and fT4 was performed. Fetal and maternal complications were assessed subsequently in patients for thyroid deranged profile. Thyroid disease family and infertility history, level of hemoglobin, menstrual pattern, fetal outcome, and recurrent abortion were the main parameters. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 164 women screened, prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 41 (25%). The incidence of subclinical hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and overt hypothyroidism was 13 (7.8%), 6 (3.7%), and 9 (5.4%) respectively. Higher TSH and abnormal fT4 was found in one sample. About 28.5% patients had anemia among over and subclinical hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with NICU admission 39.2% (p=0.001), LBW 28.7% (p=0.001), and low APGAR score 23.6% (p=0.039). Comparing hypothyroidism women to euthyroid women, risk of NICU admission, low birth weight, lower APGAR score, and anemia was found 1.3, 5.8, 3.7, and 4.9 times higher. Conclusion: Our study revealed that pregnant women are more susceptible to subclinical hypothyroidism. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism is 3.7%. Hypothyroidism is associated with pre-eclampsia, anemia, neonatal morbidities, and high caesarean rates. Keywords: Pregnancy, Hypothyroidism, Thyroid dysfunction, obstetric outcomes

Thyroid dysfunction and its relation to myocardial performance among patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background: The cardiovascular system is one of the most important targets on which thyroid hormones act, thyroid hormone has a major role in the cardiovascu­lar system function and cardiac hemodynamics. Objectives: The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction and to study the impact of these dysfunctions on in-hospital morbidity and mortality among those subjects. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on one hundred critically ill patients admitted to the critical care department with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the period from April 2017 to January 2019. Results: According to thyroid profile, 78 patients (78%) had euthyroid status and the remaining 22 patients (22%) had thyroid dysfunctions which include: 12 patients (54.54%) were euthyroid sick syndrome, 7 patients (13.81%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 3 patients (13.63%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction in association with acute myocardial infarction affect the myocardial performance and this was evident in our study by lower ejection fraction, higher initial killip class, higher wall motion score index, and increased myocardial performance index compared to those with normal thyroid status but it has no impact on the in-hospital mortality.

Hypothyroidism and its relationship to cholesterol levels in premenopausal women: A cross-sectional study

Background: A brief overview of the disease: Thyroid dysfunction is a common premenopausal ailment characterized by subtle signs and symptoms that may go unnoticed for a lengthy period of time. Female hypothyroidism is common in the older population. In patients with SCH, primary hypothyroidism is a prevalent consequence. Aim: To determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and the associated clinical symptoms in premenopausal women who attended gynecology outpatient appointments. Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its associated clinical symptoms in premenopausal women who were seen as outpatients in gynecology. The participants in this research ranged in age from 42 to 52 years. Thyroid function and blood cholesterol were measured in all of the SCH patients using an ELISA assay. Results: Seventy women between the ages of 42 and 52 participated in the research. Patients with menorrhagia accounted for 56% of all cases of menstrual disturbance in the study population. Women who experienced oligomenorrhea, a premenopausal symptom, accounted for 40% of the total. Thyroid impairment was shown to be associated with irregular menstruation (80% of cases) and weight gain (80 %). irritability and mood fluctuations (59 %) are common (70 %) Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent symptoms (58 %), followed by the loss of one's job. astonishment (6 % ) TSH levels were elevated in SCHs, while free T3 and T4 levels remained normal. There were 17 with SCH, 4 with hypothyroidism, and 49 with normal thyroid function. Seventy percent of individuals with SCH had hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Our findings encourage regular screening of premenopausal women, regardless of whether or not they are experiencing symptoms. Early detection and treatment of issues can help to avoid difficulties. Keywords: Thyroid dysfunction, premenopausal ailment, hypothoridism

Impact of Thyroid Function on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcome in Women with and without PCOS.

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more prone to autoimmune thyroiditis, and both disorders lead to subfertility and pregnancy-related complications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mothers with and without PCOS and their offspring have comparable thyroid parameters at term and how thyroid parameters are associated with perinatal outcome in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was performed in a single academic tertiary hospital in Austria. Seventy-nine pregnant women with PCOS and 354 pregnant women without PCOS were included. Blood samples were taken from the mother and cord blood at birth. Primary outcome parameters were maternal and neonatal thyroid parameters at delivery. Secondary outcome parameters were the composite complication rate per woman and per neonate. Results: Thyroid dysfunction was more prevalent among PCOS women (p < 0.001). At time of birth, free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were significantly lower in PCOS than in non-PCOS women (p = 0.005). PCOS women and their neonates had significantly higher thyreoperoxidase antibody (TPO-AB) levels (p = 0.001). Women with elevated TPO-AB had a significantly higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between maternal and neonatal free thyroxine, fT3 and TPO-AB levels. There were no significant differences in thyroid parameters between women or neonates with or without complications. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in PCOS women, supporting a common etiology of both disorders. We were not able to show an association between complication rate and thyroid parameters.

Evaluation of the Thyroid Characteristics and Correlated Factors in Hospitalized Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) are two closely associated disorders. The objective of the present study was to investigate the thyroid status and the relationships between thyroid hormones, diabetic complications and metabolic parameters in hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM (T2DM).MethodsThis was an observational cross-sectional study, conducting on 340 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who were admitted to ward of endocrinology department and 120 matched individuals without diabetes. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data were collected. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the correlations between thyroid hormones and other variables. Factors associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression.ResultsLevels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were significantly lower in patients with T2DM as compared to control group without diabetes. The prevalence of TD was 21.2% in patients with diabetes, higher than that in controls (4.2%). The low T3 syndrome was the most frequent TD, shown in 14.7% of patients. The presence of diabetic complications DN, diabetic ketosis or ketoacidosis), metabolic and demographic factors, including age, glycemic control and insulin resistance were factors significantly associated with levels of thyroid hormones. FT3 level was inversely correlated with the level of urinary total protein (mg/24h) and the presence of DN. Multivariate analysis indicated low FT3 level as a strong independent risk factor (OR = 0.364, P = 0.001) for DN.ConclusionTD is not rarely seen in hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Diabetic complications and diabetes-related metabolic and demographic factors are related to thyroid hormone levels. Decreased FT3 is strongly correlated with the presence of DN.

Late sequelae of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) cause thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis: review of literature

Abstract Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is one of the severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) with high mortality rate and variable long term sequelae, especially in thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis. In this article, we review clinical course, culprit drugs, onset of diagnosis, and type of thyroid dysfunction in DRESS patients. There were a total of 51 cases including 12 children (aged less than 18 years old) and 39 adults from our review. The most common thyroid dysfunction was Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (41/51=80.4%) including anti-thyroid antibody positive (29/51=56.9%), possible/compatible with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (12/51=23.5%) both in the children (n=12) and adult (n=39), Graves’ disease/hyperthyroidism (7/51=13.7%) and non-specific hypothyroidism (3/51=5.9%), respectively. The most common culprit drugs and onset of thyroid dysfunction after DRESS diagnosis in children aged less than 18 years include antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine) (range 0–8 months, median 2 months) and sulfa groups (sulfasalazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide) (range 1–4 months, median 2 months). Data of prevalence, type, and clinical course of thyroid dysfunction from DRESS is important for clinicians to recognize for monitoring its sequelae and provide plans for treatment.