Prevalence Of Self-reported Chronic Diseases Research Articles

Sex Work and Health Problems in the Sexual and Gender Minority Population: Analysis of a Population Survey in Peru

Background. Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) who perform sex work are susceptible to sexually transmitted infections and substance abuse that can lead to chronic diseases, as well as discrimination and violence that deteriorate their mental health. Aim. To evaluate the association between a history of sex work and health problems in the sexual and gender minority population from Peru. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data of the first virtual survey for LGBTI people in Peru in 2017. The prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems in the last 12 months and their association with the history of sex work were evaluated. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results. We analyzed data from 10629 people, of which 7.0% performed sex work. The prevalence of chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems was 13.0%, 10.4%, and 23.7%, respectively. A significant association was found between a history of sex work with chronic diseases (APR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04–1.50), infectious diseases (APR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.86–2.41), and mental health problems (APR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.12–1.45). Conclusion. We found evidence that chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems are associated with sex work history among the SGM population in Peru. There is a need to provide health interventions focused on disease prevention and control for this population.

Prevalence of chronic diseases among United Arab Emirates University students: cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Chronic disease burden is increasing globally. In Arab Gulf Countries, the burden has increased exponentially over the past five decades due to rapid economic growth and urbanization. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), chronic diseases are the leading cause of mortality and economic burden, hence, there is need to explore their patterns for targeted interventions. Studies among university students in Europe and the United States show chronic diseases prevalence ranging from 16.5% to 30.0%, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the Gulf region to assess multiple chronic diseases among university students. Our study describes the prevalence and patterns of multiple chronic diseases among UAE University (UAEU) students. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among UAEU students ≥18years from July to October 2021. Online questionnaire was used to collect data. Self-reported chronic diseases were described and compared between male and female students using chi-square and t tests. Other students’ characteristics were also explored. All analyses were conducted using STATA statistical software. Results 902 students participated in the study with mean age of 21.9±5.2yrs. 79.8% were females. 80.7% were undergraduates. The prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases was 23.0%. Obesity, Diabetes and Asthma/Allergies were the commonest (12.5%, 4.2% & 3.2%, respectively). 34.8% of the students were either overweight or obese. Overall chronic disease prevalence was similar between males and females [27.5% vs 21.8%, 0.104] though it was significantly higher among postgraduates, students who are older, married and have family history of diabetes. 4.7% of the students reported 2 or more chronic diseases. Conclusions Our study showed that more than 1 in 5 of the students reported at least one chronic disease. This shows the need for proactive chronic disease screening and prevention programs to meet the health needs of the students. Key messages • Prevalence of chronic diseases (Diabetes, Prediabetes, Obesity, Hypertension, Asthma/Allergies, Lipid disorders, Thyroid disorders, GI disorders, and CVDs) was high among the university students. • Universities should commit to researching students’ health and creating targeted health policies and interventions, as chronic diseases have direct and indirect negative impact on students’ education.

Prevalence of chronic diseases and ownership of health insurance among the elderly: comparison of data from the Brazilian National Health Survey of 2013 and 2019

Information about the prevalence of specific chronic diseases and the ownership of a health plan can help size and monitor care demands. This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly, according to the possession of a health plan in 2013 and 2019. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with data from elderly people (age ≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian National Health Survey (2013: n = 11,177; 2019: n = 22,728). The prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated, according to health plan ownership (medical and/or dental) and by year. In the period, increased prevalence was observed for hypertension (PR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.06-1.16), diabetes (PR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.01-1.24), heart disease (PR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05-1.39), stroke (PR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.04-1.54), back pain (PR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.23), hypercholesterolemia (PR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.01-1.18), and depression (PR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.05-1.43) among those without a health plan. In 2019, arthritis/rheumatism (PR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1,03-1,43), hypercholesterolemia (PR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.01-1.26), and depression (PR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.03-1.53) increased among elderly patients with a health plan. The findings showed differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases according to health plan ownership and an increase for some diseases in the period. Health promotion policies with an emphasis on reducing modifiable risk factors need to be maintained and intensified. Particularly for the elderly population, the importance of expanding actions focused on case tracking and early diagnosis, prevention and control of complications that favor equity in care is highlighted.

Associations of alcohol consumption with chronic diseases, lifestyle behaviors and socioeconomic-demographic characteristics in India

Aims: The objective of the present study was to analyse self-reported and measured chronic diseases and their association with alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the study examined the intensity and patterns of alcohol consumption by lifestyle and socio-demographic characteristics among respondents with chronic diseases.Methods: Secondary data were analysed from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), Wave 1 (2007–08), covering respondents aged 18 and older (10,914) in India. Chronic diseases, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, asthma, depression and angina were self-reported as diagnoses and measured using validated epidemiological tools. A multivariable adjusted logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of quantity of alcohol consumed and patterns of alcohol consumption with chronic diseases. A multinomial multivariable regression model was used to examine the risk ratio between alcohol consumption and each lifestyle characteristic among the diseased population.Results: About 17.0% (1,432/10,914) of the population consumed alcohol. At 18.0% (1,967/10,914), the prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases was lower than measured chronic diseases (37.5%; 4091/10,914). Moderate drinking was associated with self-reported hypertension (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.55) and measured hypertension (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.16, 2.42). Consumption of three or more alcoholic drinks per session was associated with self-reported depression (OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.32, 5.45). Alcohol consumption of more than three drinks per session was associated with vigorous physical activity (RRR = 3.57; 95% CI = 1.25, 10.23). Heavy drinking was associated with the risk of having a body mass index in the overweight range (RRR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.17, 4.47).Conclusions: The study findings demonstrate that alcohol is a risk factor for hypertension, self-reported depression and being overweight, with these associations varying with the amount of alcohol consumed. A coordinated, targeted multisectoral approach is needed to improve knowledge and awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol consumption and to strengthen alcohol use control policies in India.

Prevalence of Self-Reported Chronic Diseases and Health Services Utilization by Ethnic Minorities in Manaus Metropolitan Region.

To assess the prevalence of, and associated factors to, self-reported chronic diseases and health care utilization by ethnicity in the Manaus Metropolitan Region. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey from May through August 2015. Using probabilistic sampling in three stages, we recruited adults aged ≥18 years. Ethnicity was self-identified as White, Black, Yellow, Brown (Brazilian mixed-race), and Indigenous. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CI of chronic diseases and health service utilization for each ethnic minority and compared the data using Poisson regression with data from White respondents. In this study, we interviewed 4,001 people. Of these, 15.9% were White, 7.5% Black, 3.4% Yellow, 72.1% Brown, and 1.0% Indigenous. Indigenous respondents had the highest prevalence of self-reported hypertension (29.4%), diabetes (12.3%) and hypercholesterolemia (17.0%) among the ethnic respondent groups. Compared with the White population, Browns had less health insurance coverage (PR=.76; 95% CI: .62-.93) and reported hypertension (PR=.84; 95% CI: .72-0.98) and diabetes (PR=.69; 95% CI: .51-.94) less frequently. Yellows visited the doctor more frequently than Whites (PR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.22), with no significant difference in prevalence of diseases. Indigenous respondents had higher prevalence rates of the investigated diseases. Compared with Whites, Brown respondents had lower rates of self-reported arterial hypertension and diabetes, as well as lower rates of private health insurance coverage.

Adverse childhood experiences, chronic diseases, and risky health behaviors in Saudi Arabian adults: A pilot study

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with risky health behaviors and the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. This study examined associations between ACEs, chronic diseases, and risky behaviors in adults living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2012 using the ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). A cross-sectional design was used, and adults who were at least 18 years of age were eligible to participate. ACEs event scores were measured for neglect, household dysfunction, abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional), and peer and community violence. The ACE-IQ was supplemented with questions on risky health behaviors, chronic diseases, and mood. A total of 931 subjects completed the questionnaire (a completion rate of 88%); 57% of the sample was female, 90% was younger than 45 years, 86% had at least a college education, 80% were Saudi nationals, and 58% were married. One-third of the participants (32%) had been exposed to 4 or more ACEs, and 10%, 17%, and 23% had been exposed to 3, 2, or 1 ACEs respectively. Only 18% did not have an ACE. The prevalence of risky health behaviors ranged between 4% and 22%. The prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases ranged between 6% and 17%. Being exposed to 4 or more ACEs increased the risk of having chronic diseases by 2–11 fold, and increased risky health behaviors by 8–21 fold. The findings of this study will contribute to the planning and development of programs to prevent child maltreatment and to alleviate the burden of chronic diseases in adults.

Prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases in individuals over the age of 40 in São Paulo, Brazil: the Platino study

Few studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of chronic diseases and its impact in individuals aged 40 years or over in Brazil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of some common chronic diseases in the Brazilian subgroup assessed by the PLATINO study using a self-reported survey. A total of 918 individuals (55% women) with a mean age of 54.6 ± 10.9 years were evaluated. The most prevalent diseases were obesity (62.5%), hypertension (39.2%) and gastritis (30.9%). We conclude from this study that there is a high prevalence of chronic diseases in the population over 40 years of age: 88% of the population suffers from a minimum of one disease and 26% of the sample suffers from at least three diseases. We also observed that the number of comorbidities increases with age.