Prevalence Of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Research Articles

Rotavirus-Diarrhea

Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea among children under 5 years. The main cause of mortality from rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) is dehydration if not corrected appropriately with oral rehydration salts (ORS). Though the prevalence of RVGE is similar across countries and socio-economic groups, the higher mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia is presumably due to poor awareness and poor health system responsiveness rather than poor hygiene. Enzyme immunoassays are the most commonly used tools for diagnosis of RVGE from stool samples. ORS and zinc remain the mainstay of treatment. Water, sanitation and hygiene measures did not appear to be very effective leaving vaccination among young children as the primary means of prevention. 4 WHO prequalified live attenuated, oral vaccines are available with different efficacy in high- versus low-mortality countries. There is a high degree of protection in countries with low RV mortality, and lower protection in countries with high RV morbidity and more fatalities. Rotavirus vaccines were associated with intussusception, though larger trials failed to establish increased risk in vaccinated groups compared to placebo recipients.

Effects of masks, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations on rotavirus gastroenteritis in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aim: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity for children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Rotavirus is transmitted by the feces of the people carrying it through food and hands. Additionally, door handles, telephones, sockets, and toys may play a role in spreading the infection. In addition to fecal-oral transmission, transmission via droplets has also been reported. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of rotavirus in pediatric acute gastroenteritis cases in our institution and reveal the effect of the increased mask, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations with COVID-19 pandemic on rotavirus gastroenteritis. Methods: A total of 4781 patients aged 0-18 diagnosed with AGE between January 2019 and December 2020 were included in the study. The rotavirus positivity of patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis before and after the pandemic was statistically compared according to season, gender, and age variables. Results: Four hundred nine (8.6%) of 4781 patients were determined as rotavirus positive. The frequency of rotavirus in the age range of 0-2 was higher than that of in the other age ranges. Rotavirus is more common in the winter and spring seasons. In the modeling performed for patients with AGE in our hospital, provided that the other variables remained constant, the risk of rotavirus positivity increased by 1.14 times with the season variable while it decreased by 0.66 times with age. It was concluded that as the age increased, the odds value of being rotavirus positive decreased by 33.4%. While the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis was 7.5% between March 2019 and December 2019, this frequency decreased to 4.7% with the pandemic (March 2020-December 2020), which was statistically significant (X2=8.620; p=0.003). Conclusion: Increasing masks, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations due to COVID 19 have led to a decrease in the frequency of rotavirus infections in children.

Benign Convulsions with Mild Rotavirus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis: Nationwide Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea

There have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in South Korea in 2007. This study aimed to analyze the trends in rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus-associated CwG (RaCwG) after rotavirus vaccination. Further, we aimed to analyze changes in norovirus gastroenteritis (NVGE) and norovirus-associated CwG (NaCwG) using nationwide data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Between 2007 and 2019, this study analyzed children aged <6 years who were diagnosed with RVGE, NVGE, RaCwG and NaCwG. The changes in the prevalence of each disease and the ratio of CwG to enteritis were analyzed and the effects of age, sex and season were also analyzed. RVGE, RaCwG, NVGE and NaCwG were diagnosed in 273,898, 4246, 35,593 and 337 patients, respectively. The prevalence of RVGE was on a decreasing trend every year, but the prevalence of NaCwG and NVGE was on an increasing trend. There was a significant annual increase in the ratio of CwG to enteritis in both viruses. In order to control the prevalence of RaCwG, measures other than the rotavirus vaccine are required and measures to prevent norovirus are necessary.

Potential impact of climate change on temperature and humidity related human health effects during extreme condition

In this study, in addition to considering the two dominant climatic domains during extreme condition in the study area, temperature and humidity, and determining the correlation and correlation of these two factors with the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis, a statistical model was proposed to predict the prevalence of the disease. Although this research, like many earlier studies, has been based on statistical data for a period of three years, according to its primary objectives, the short-term risk of the disease has been zoned using GIS software, and this point is new. The distinction between the present study and previous studies is considered. Previous studies did not consider the relationship between climate change and gastroenteritis GE. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the number of patients admitted in the hospital with symptoms of gastroenteritis GE and the monthly climatic variables of temperature and humidity of rotavirus, maximum, mean during extreme condition, at least in the city of Ahvaz, in three levels and its suburbs. The results showed a high prevalence of rotavirus infection in children in Ahvaz at low temperature. The maximum rotavirus activity was determined at 13 ° C. Also, the highest number of patients with symptoms of rotavirus gastroenteritis was observed in autumn and early winter. It is suggested that the results of this study should be considered in determining the timing of vaccination during extreme condition.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis in Indian children\u2009

BackgroundIn 2016, the Government of India introduced the oral rotavirus vaccine (ROTAVAC, Bharat Biotech, India) in 4 states of India as part of the Universal Immunization Programme, and expanded to 5 more states in 2017. We report four years of data on rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children < 5 years of age prior to vaccine introduction.MethodsChildren from 7 sites in southern and northern India hospitalized for diarrhoea were recruited between July 2012 and June 2016. Stool samples were screened for rotavirus using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The EIA positive samples were genotyped by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOf the 5834 samples from the 7 sites, 2069 (35.5%) were positive for rotavirus by EIA. Genotyping was performed for 2010 (97.1%) samples. G1P[8](56.3%), G2P[4](9.1%), G9P[4](7.6%), G9P[8](4.2%), and G12P[6](3.7%) were the common genotypes in southern India and G1P[8](36%), G9P[4](11.4%), G2P[4](11.2%), G12P[6](8.4%), and G3P[8](5.9%) in northern India.ConclusionsThe study highlights the high prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in India and the diversity of rotavirus genotypes across different geographical regions. Pre- vaccine surveillance data is necessary to evaluate the potential change in admission rates for gastroenteritis and circulating rotavirus genotypes after vaccine introduction, thus assessing impact.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality.&#x0D; Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus.&#x0D; Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Epidemiology and Molecular Identification of Rotavirus Strains Associated With Gastroenteritis in Children in Niger State

The study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of the rotaviruses associated with gastroenteritis in children in Niger State. A total of 150 stool samples were collected from diarrheic children (0 – 5 yrs) in four hospitals (Minna, Bida, Suleja and Kontagora ) in Niger State. The stool samples were screened for rotavirus, using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eight stool samples were positive (5.33%). The prevalence of the disease according to sex of the children was as follows; male (4%) and female (1.33%). The prevalence of gastroenteritis according to water source was distributed as follows; pipe borne (2%), bore hole (1.33%), and river/stream (2%). The prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children according to the breast feeding was as follows; exclusively breastfed children had (2%) and those breastfed only recorded (3.33%). Molecular identification of the virus revealed the presence of the following genotypes: P6 (22%), G1 (22%), G2 (33%), and G8 (22%) in the study area. Keywords: Molecular characteristics, rotavirus strains, gastroenteritis, children, prevalence, genotypesNigerian Journal of Technological Research, 8(2), 2013

RE: The burden of Rotavirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized pediatric patients in a tertiary referral hospital in Jeddah

lettersRE: The burden of Rotavirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized pediatric patients in a tertiary referral hospital in Jeddah Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi Search for more papers by this author Published Online:5 Dec 2013https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2013.634SectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail AboutIntroductionTo the Editor: I have 2 comments on the interesting paper by Afifi and Nabiha.1First, despite the implementation of Rotavirus (RV) vaccine in Saudi Arabia in 2006, the prevalence of RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) (42.9%) reported by Afifi and Nabiha1 is still worrisome. I presume that that the worrying prevalence can be attributed to the following 2 points: (1) Saudi pediatric population is not yet completely covered with RV vaccine. This is obvious on noticing that only 2.3% of the studied RV positive GE and 6.1% of the studied RV negative GE received RV vaccine (Table 1).1 (2) It is obvious that temporal and spatial fluctuations in the genotype distribution of human RV are continuously observed worldwide in surveillance studies. New genotypes, such as G9 and G12, have emerged and spread worldwide in a very short time span. In addition, reassortment events have the potential to contribute substantially to genetic diversity among human and animal RV.2 Recent data on the molecular epidemiology of RVGE in Saudi children are scarce. Kheyami3 addressed the distribution of G and P types of RV circulating in the population of Saudi Arabia and demonstrated the presence of serotypes G1-G4, G9, G12, P [4], P [6], and P [8]. However, Obeid4 in his study found that subgroup I (serotype 2) constituted 5.4% of the isolates in comparison to 56.7% for subgroup II (serotypes 1, 3, and 4), whereas 37.8% were nontypeable. Regular surveillance and characterization of RV are, therefore, warranted to confirm RV genotype fluctuations. This, in turn, might partly explain the prevalence of RVGE in Saudi children compared to other viruses. It also helps identify unusual types that could be incorporated into future RV vaccines.Second, Norovirus (NV) is currently recognized as one of the emerging viruses causing infection in humans. It is the leading cause of the outbreaks of viral GE worldwide. In children, NV plays an increasing and important role in enteric infection, apart from RV, especially in the post-RV vaccine era.5 Afifi and Nabiha1 categorized their studied GE cases into 4 groups: RV infection alone (33.6%), adenovirus (AV) infection alone (7%), combined RV and AV infection (9.3%), and other causes of GE (50.2%). I wonder whether they detected the cases of NVGE in their studied cohort and probably included them within the latter group. This is critical to comment that NVGE shares many characteristics of RVGE, namely similar clinical presentation, significant morbidity, mortality and economic burden, and the need for regular molecular and genetic surveillance of the circulating virus.ARTICLE REFERENCES:1. Afifi R, Nabiha M. "The burden of Rotavirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized pediatric patients in a tertiary referral hospital in Jeddah" . Ann Saudi Med. 2013; 33:241-6. Google Scholar2. Matthijnssens J, Bilcke J, Ciarlet M, Martella V, Bányai K, Rahman M, et al. "Rotavirus disease and vaccination: impact on genotype diversity" . Future Microbiol. 2009; 4:1303-16. Google Scholar3. Kheyami AM. "Rotavirus gastroenteritis and strain diversity in Saudi Arabia. Current status and future prospects" . Saudi Med J. 2010; 31:276-9. Google Scholar4. Obeid OE. "Characterization of human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children under five with acute gastroenteritis in a Saudi Hospital" . Family Community Med. 2011; 18:22-5. Google Scholar5. Chen SY, Chiu CH. "Worldwide molecular epidemiology of norovirus infection" . Paediatr Int Child Health. 2012; 32:128-31. Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 33, Issue 6November-December 2013 Metrics History Published online5 December 2013 InformationCopyright © 2013, Annals of Saudi MedicineThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.PDF download

Increased prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in Riyadh Saudi Arabia

This research aims to study the epidemiology of human rotavirus (HRV) in pediatric patients at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, KSA.

Epidemiology and economic burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitals and paediatric clinics in Taiwan, 2005–2006

Baseline estimates of rotavirus disease burden and epidemiology are useful for the evaluation of newly introduced rotavirus vaccination programs. Prospective, cross-sectional surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was conducted in hospitals and outpatient paediatric clinics in Taiwan to assess the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis and associated medical costs prior to rotavirus vaccine introduction. Faecal specimens were collected from 1130 children <5 years of age from December 2004 to June 2006. The year-round rate of rotavirus detection in faecal specimens was 46% for children seen in hospitals and 14% for children seen in paediatric clinics. In the winter season, the burden was higher, reaching a peak of 60% and 21% in hospitals and paediatric clinics, respectively. The rotavirus genotype distributions were 39% (G1), 34% (G9), 12% (G2), 15% (G3), and 0.3% (G5). Total medical and nonmedical costs were US $754 for a rotavirus hospitalisation and US $60 for an outpatient clinic visit. Parental work loss averaged 4.0 days per hospital visit and 1.3 days per paediatric clinic visit. These data show that rotavirus was associated with a substantial proportion of AGE medical visits and had considerable medical costs prior to rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Human rotavirus infection in Malaysia. II. A study on the influence of living standard on the prevalence of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhoea.

The association between different living standards and the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children and infants up to 6 years of age who were admitted to the gastroenteritis ward of the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital from December 1981 to November 1982 was studied. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was determined by the detection of rotavirus in the feces of the patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of this survey indicate higher prevalence of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in children from lower socioeconomic classes. The prevalence of the disease is higher in large families. Hygienic home circumstances reduced the risk of rotavirus diarrhea but the source of water supply used for drinking and washing and methods of human excreta disposal seem not be important factors in influencing the prevalence of the disease. (authors modified)