Prevalence Of Mental Diseases Research Articles

EPH226 Medical Cost and Prevalence of Mental Diseases across Different Health Insurance Systems in Japan

EPH226 Medical Cost and Prevalence of Mental Diseases across Different Health Insurance Systems in Japan

Prevalence of Perceived Anxiety in General People, Students and Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Scientific Review

The global severity of COVID-19 remains high which results anxiety and other mental health problems, also it altered people's everyday lives, affected human connections and economic operations. The goal of this comprehensive review was to identify the effects of the linkage COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of different groups and communities. This study compiled evidences of a link between anxiety rates and the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation period started in June’ 2022 and ended on August’2022, during this time, total four databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Tailor & Francis Online, and Springer were used to search scientific literatures. A total 616 studies were identified from all four databases and 63 scientific literatures were selected based of predetermined criteria for review which were published in between 2020 to 2022. Three groups of population such as general population, students and healthcare professionals were taken for review the findings from the selected literatures. Gender, physical disorders, psychiatric disorders, COVID infection, infection rates in colleagues or family members, experience of frontline work & non-frontline work, close contact with infected patients, high exposure risk, quarantine experience, etc. were highly considered as factors associated with increased prevalence of anxiety among all three groups. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the general population, healthcare professionals, and students experienced an increase in the prevalence of mental diseases, whereas infected individuals had a decrease. Females were highly prevalent to anxiety than male. Our comprehensive review concluded significant co-relation between anxiety and COVID-19 but long-term study is needed to better understand which may define the population's mental condition in future.

Mental Health Disorder among Malaysian Universities Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

: In Malaysia, the prevalence of mental diseases has risen dramatically over the last decade. University students tend to be particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of quarantine when compared to the general population. Indeed, even before the COVID-19 pandemic, young adults' mental health was already a global concern. Young adults (aged 16-24 years) have been demonstrated to be especially vulnerable to mental health difficulties during prior lockdowns. Furthermore, increased public and clinician knowledge of mental health issues has likely resulted in improved reporting and identification of mental disorders. The study aims to evaluate Malaysian students' mental health, particularly from private universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative research approach. Descriptive analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were used to analyze the data collected among university students in Malaysia. The results show that Malaysian university students were facing mental health issues due to high anxiety and depression. Furthermore, results of this study show that high level of depression, anxiety, and stress among Malaysian universities students incurred due to a drastic change in the education system especially in teaching delivery. Overall, this study will contribute to the advancement of research on the mental health and well-being of tertiary education students, particularly in Malaysia for their future growth and further development of the education system.

Determining the Role of Psychiatric Nurse for Client Receiving Anti-Psychotic Drugs in India

The prevalence of mental diseases is increasing. Even the average person suffers from minor issues such as stress and anxiety due to various causes. Clients having psychiatric consultations require support and exceptional care from a psychiatric nurse; these clients are given multiple drugs with varied side effects that must be managed; the nurse is only present with the patient and manages the patient. As a result, this article discusses the numerous roles that a psychiatric nurse can play in this regard.

Intersectoral Expectations for Promoting Mental Health: A Qualitative Case Study of Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background:The prevalence of mental diseases is 23.6% in Iran. Taking intersectoral measures is said to be effective in promoting mental health and reducing the burden of the diseases caused by social determinants. The aim of this study was to determine the role of national organizations in promoting mental health in Iran.Methods:An applied descriptive qualitative method was used. The data were collected by reviewing the literature, interviewing with experts, and holding focus group discussions. To identify the roles of organization, a two-dimensional matrix was drawn.Results:The roles of 31 national organizations in five groups were determined. Then, the intersectoral organizational expectations in two key areas were extracted. The key roles determined were mostly related to the Ministry of Education, Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, and the Ministry of Sports and Youth.Conclusions:Due to the growing burden of mental disorders in the country, informing national organizations and attracting their active participation based on intersectoral expectations and developing interaction mechanisms among them can be an effective step in promoting mental health and reducing the environmental factors threatening mental health.

Prevalence of mental diseases in Austria : Systematic review of the published evidence.

SummaryBackgroundAddressing the growing burden of mental diseases is a public health priority. Nevertheless, many countries lack reliable estimates of the proportion of the population affected, which are crucial for health and social policy planning. This study aimed to collect existing evidence on the prevalence of mental diseases in Austria.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using MeSH, EMTREE and free-text terms in seven bibliographic databases. In addition, the references of included papers and relevant Austria-specific websites were searched. Articles published after 1996 pertaining to the Austrian adult population and presenting prevalence data for mental diseases were included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 2612 records were identified in the database search, 19 of which were included in the analysis, 13 were community-based studies and 6 examined institutionalized populations. Sample sizes ranged from 200 to 15,474. The evidence was centered around depression (n = 6, 32%), eating disorders (n = 4, 21%) and alcohol dependence (n = 3, 16%). While most studies (n = 10, 53%) used questionnaires and scales to identify mental diseases, seven studies used structured clinical interviews, and two studies examined use of psychotropic drugs. Due to the diversity of methodologies, no statistical pooling of prevalence estimates was possible.ConclusionInformation on the prevalence of mental diseases in Austria is limited and comparability between studies is restricted. A variety of diagnostic instruments, targeted populations and investigated diseases contribute to discrepancies in the prevalence rates. A systematic, large-scale study on the prevalence of mental diseases in Austria is needed for comprehensive and robust epidemiological evidence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00508-018-1316-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Overlooked Transport Participants – Mentally Impaired but Still Mobile

Providing an inclusive transport system is a global ambition. Whereas, mobility needs and mobility barriers of people suffering from a physical impairment have already been observed frequently, people suffering from mental impairments (due to e.g. anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, dementia or other degenerative diseases) are often overlooked. Numerous studies already suggest that the number of people with mental impairment will significantly increase due to the demographic change and is also shown by the prevalence of mental diseases. Whereby, not even the data collected do necessarily give the full picture of the actual situation. Thus, the importance of mobility needs and mobility problems of people with mental impairments will gain dramatically. Participating in the transport system is a basic need that furthermore requires the ability of adopting different roles (e.g. driver, pedestrian). Due to explanatory studies of the authors, it could be shown what kind of problems people with mental impairment are faced with while participating in the transport system or interacting in public space. Thus, these studies represent the first step that is needed to consider the specific needs of people with mental impairments in future planning. The identified problems of people who are suffering from mental impairment are various. Thereby it can be distinguished between problems triggered by structural (e.g. absence of emergency buttons, spacious stations), organisational (e.g. absence of security stuff, lacking information according time table of transit) or social conditions (e.g. crowed places or vehicles, stigmatisation). This paper presents an overall view of specific requirements of people with mental impairment and suggests possible solutions for planning and designing an inclusive transport system.

The Effect of Attitude and Prayer-Related Behaviors on Depression: A Systematic Review

Background and aims: Prayer means reading and asking for help and satisfying the need. The prevalence of mental diseases has had an increasing trend in Iran. The aim of this study was to know the role of attitudes and praying-related behaviors in the treatment of patients with depression in Iran. Methods: By searching in the databases such as SID, Magiran, Medlib, Iranmedex, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, 16 relevant articles were extracted. Data were analyzed by using meta-analysis (random effects model). Moreover, heterogenecity of the studies was checked using Q and I2 statistics. Results: To examine the relationship between the rate of depression and praying, it analyzed in both case and control groups as pretest and posttest. It was reported that the rate of depression before the test in the case group was 49.4 (95% CI: 34.04-64.04) and in the control group was 27.51 (95% CI: 15.51, 39.51). For the case group, it was reported that the rate of depression decreased to 12.43 (95% CI: 2.4-22.4) and for the control group it was 19.83 (95% CI: 11.8-27.83). Conclusion: The attitude and the praying-related behavior had positive effects on the depression of individuals and it could cause the depression level diminishing. Therefore, this therapeutic approach can be considered as a common method in the treatment of mental disorders and the psychologists and the therapists can use this method for the treatment of their patients in therapeutic centers.

Phenotype-Based Genetic Association Studies (PGAS)—Towards Understanding the Contribution of Common Genetic Variants to Schizophrenia Subphenotypes

Neuropsychiatric diseases ranging from schizophrenia to affective disorders and autism are heritable, highly complex and heterogeneous conditions, diagnosed purely clinically, with no supporting biomarkers or neuroimaging criteria. Relying on these “umbrella diagnoses”, genetic analyses, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), were undertaken but failed to provide insight into the biological basis of these disorders. “Risk genotypes” of unknown significance with low odds ratios of mostly <1.2 were extracted and confirmed by including ever increasing numbers of individuals in large multicenter efforts. Facing these results, we have to hypothesize that thousands of genetic constellations in highly variable combinations with environmental co-factors can cause the individual disorder in the sense of a final common pathway. This would explain why the prevalence of mental diseases is so high and why mutations, including copy number variations, with a higher effect size than SNPs, constitute only a small part of variance. Elucidating the contribution of normal genetic variation to (disease) phenotypes, and so re-defining disease entities, will be extremely labor-intense but crucial. We have termed this approach PGAS (“phenotype-based genetic association studies”). Ultimate goal is the definition of biological subgroups of mental diseases. For that purpose, the GRAS (Göttingen Research Association for Schizophrenia) data collection was initiated in 2005. With >3000 phenotypical data points per patient, it comprises the world-wide largest currently available schizophrenia database (N > 1200), combining genome-wide SNP coverage and deep phenotyping under highly standardized conditions. First PGAS results on normal genetic variants, relevant for e.g., cognition or catatonia, demonstrated proof-of-concept. Presently, an autistic subphenotype of schizophrenia is being defined where an unfortunate accumulation of normal genotypes, so-called pro-autistic variants of synaptic genes, explains part of the phenotypical variance. Deep phenotyping and comprehensive clinical data sets, however, are expensive and it may take years before PGAS will complement conventional GWAS approaches in psychiatric genetics.

1541 – Influence of discarnated people in mental diseases and its respective approach

The incidence and prevalence of mental diseases are growing throughout the world and their causes are not yet clearly established in spite of the recent advances in modern psychiatry. By using mediumnistic techniques, or the human ability to enter spiritual reality in an objective manner, we have come into contact with spirits and spiritual contexts that have a well defined relationship with each patient. This has happened in healing sessions in Spiritist Centers for patients with different mental diseases, such as depression, autism, schizophrenia and panic disorder. The diagnostic approach to uncover the spiritual aspects of each case happened with the aid of a team of doctors-mediums. In all cases the spirits were of human beings who had lived their lives in the past such as we live ours in the present. They were now in a spiritual reality that is a world parallel to ours. They interfered psychically in the lives of the patients, causing harm and maintaining the symptoms of specific mental diseases. The ties between these spirits and the patients were established in previous lives and old reincarnations. In a non-controlled prospective study of 48 patients with the mental diseases mentioned above, we were able to perceive them and to act in a psychotherapeutic manner with them such that we were able to undo the spiritual ties of each case. This resulted in an evident improvement of a significant percentage of the cases and even resulted in the complete and sustained recovery of many of them.

P-439 - The importance of spiritism to the understanding of the mechanisms of psychiatric disorders

The incidence and prevalence of mental diseases are growing throughout the world and their causes are not yet clearly established in spite of the recent advances in modern psychiatry. Spiritism is the collection of principles and laws, as revealed by the superior spirits, through a natural human condition named mediunship and published in 1857 in Paris. Spiritist Centers are the place of the mediunship meetings with interchange and intellectual relationship with spirits. They are very common in many countries all over the world. Utilizing doctors and mediuns with the sensibility to crearly see the spiritis and spiritual realm related to each case of mental disease, we can talk to them and, through dialogue, prayer and energy transfer benefiting them, obtain the dissolution of the ties between them and the patients. That spiritis with revenge, hate, jealousy, rivalry and many other feelings projected to the patients are rescued and guided to a different and better spiritual reality. That ties and disharmony were caused in past lives of that patients in common human experiences and relationships. All that steps of this aproach are monitored by the mediuns. After that we study the follow-up of each patient and comparing the results we can see a clear benefit and recovery of the majority of cases. Patients with schizofrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, depression and other diagnosis were treated by this aproach. The Spiritism and mediumnistic practice in Spiritist Centers can reveal the spiritual mechanisms of mental disease and to enable the patient’s recovery.

P-898 - Influence of discarnated people in mental diseases and its respective approach

The incidence and prevalence of mental diseases are growing throughout the world and their causes are not yet clearly established in spite of the recent advances in modern psychiatry. By using mediumnistic techniques, or the human ability to enter spiritual reality in an objective manner, we have come into contact with spirits and spiritual contexts that have a well defined relationship with each patient. This has happened in healing sessions in Spiritist Centers for patients with different mental diseases, such as depression, autism, schizophrenia and panic disorder. The diagnostic approach to uncover the spiritual aspects of each case happened with the aid of a team of doctors-mediums. In all cases the spirits were of human beings who had lived their lives in the past such as we live ours in the present. They were now in a spiritual reality that is a world parallel to ours. They interfered psychically in the lives of the patients, causing harm and maintaining the symptoms of specific mental diseases. The ties between these spirits and the patients were established in previous lives and old reincarnations. In a non-controlled prospective study of 48 patients with the mental diseases mentioned above, we were able to perceive them and to act in a psychotherapeutic manner with them such that we were able to undo the spiritual ties of each case. This resulted in an evident improvement of a significant percentage of the cases and even resulted in the complete and sustained recovery of many of them.

Mental health problems in a population without a previous modern psychiatric care system.

Despite the recognized role of traditional healers in helping patients with mental health problems, there is a need for modern mental healthcare facilities in Africa. When made available, these are used by the local population, but less by those at remote locations. Data from the SOSAME centre indicate the high prevalence of mental diseases, especially in urban population and during the active decades of life. To decrease the burden imposed on mental health institutions by patients consulting for non-mental problems, it is desirable to integrate these institutions with the other components of the healthcare system.

On the State and Prospects of Psychiatric Care in the Tatar ASSR

In accordance with the "Main directions of development of public health protection and reorganization of the USSR health care in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and for the period till 2000", the psychiatric service undergoes a certain reorganization. The requirements for psychiatry are dictated by the changed structure of the prevalence of mental diseases, especially in the area of borderline mental pathology, the growing share of psychosomatic disorders, and new approaches to treatment and social rehabilitation of the patient.

Prevalence of mental illness among 70-year-olds domiciled in nine Copenhagen suburbs.

The results of a study on the prevalence of mental diseases and abnormalities among a geographically well-defined group of 70-year-olds, all living in nine suburbs of Copenhagen, are submitted and discussed. The total psychiatric morbidity was found to be 15.5%; 6.4% suffered from psychoses, males preponderating, and 7.4% classified as "neuroses + personality disorders", females preponderating. Only 15% of the pschotic group were institutionalised. Of the entire material, 5% were demented, and this included 1.l% patients who were severley demented. There was a definite preponderance of males. Of the population, 2.6% were living in their homes with senile or arteriosclerotic dementia. About 1% of the population were looked after in their homes despite severe dementia of varying geneses. Hidden morbidity, meaning that the proband had neither been institutionalised nor had consulted a doctor for mental illness within the past 5 years, made up of 15% of the psychotic group and 19.2% of the group "neuroses + personality disorders + alcoholisms". The total hidden morbidity constituted 2.6% of the population or 16.5% of the demonstrated psychiatric morbidity. The prevalence findings are on the whole on a level with those reported from other studies, most of which have been concerned with population groups over 65 years of age.

The prevalence of mental diseases among the urban and rural populations of New York State

The prevalence of mental diseases among the urban and rural populations of New York State