Prevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus Research Articles

Striving for universal birth dose hepatitis B vaccination in Canada: data from Ontario make a compelling case

Abstract In 2009, the World Health Organization called for global universal birth dose hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination; however, in Canada, five provinces still vaccinate adolescents. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends province-to-province assessment of local epidemiology and states that if there is a failure of the routine immunization program, as indicated by HBV infection occurring in infants and children awaiting vaccination, that changes should be made. It has now been shown in Ontario that children under the age of 12 who are born in Canada are acquiring HBV prior to adolescent vaccination. In regions where birth dose vaccination was implemented decades ago, there is a lower adult HBV prevalence. In addition, birth dose vaccination has been shown to be cost-effective in Canada. With these data, we strongly encourage NACI to provide a uniform Canadian recommendation, for provincial public health policymakers to move to universal birth dose vaccination, and for providers to offer universal vaccination accross Canada.

Prevalence trends of transfusion-transmitted infections at a tertiary private hospital blood bank in Uganda: a retrospective 6-year review (2017–2022)

BackgroundBlood transfusion is a life-saving medical intervention that can transmit transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). In Uganda, prevalent infections in the general population may increase the risk of TTIs. This study determined the trends in seroprevalence of TTIs, including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and syphilis among blood donations over a 6-year period at a tertiary hospital blood bank in Uganda.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing data from Mengo Hospital Rotary Blood Bank in central Uganda. Data was accessed through the central electronic system of Uganda Blood Transfusion Services for January 2017 to December 2022. Data was analyzed using STATA version 16.0. Descriptive statistics and time trend analysis were performed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsWe analyzed 24,547 blood donations, the majority of which were male donors (18,525, 75.5%) within the age group of 25–40 years (9737, 39.7%) and of Blood group O (12,509, 51.0%). The overall prevalence of TTIs was 8.7% (2,142) and significantly higher among males (8.9%, p < 0.001) and those over 40 years (10.7%, p < 0.01). Syphilis had the highest prevalence at 3.0%, followed by HBV (2.8%), HCV (1.7%), and HIV (1.3%). Co-infections were observed in 0.6% (136) of the donors, with the most common being HBV and syphilis (33, 0.1%). The prevalence trends of TTIs analysed among new donations decreased from 13.7% in 2017 to 8.9% in 2022 (p = 0.124). Only HCV showed a statistically significant variation, decreasing from 5.2% in 2017 to 1.7% in 2022 (p = 0.009).ConclusionThere is a decreasing trend of TTIs among blood donors in Central Uganda, although the prevalence of HBV and Syphilis remains high. Additional public health interventions to decrease TTI rates in the general population may increase the safety of blood transfusions.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Secondary Healthcare Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Aims: This study investigates the prevalence of HBV among pregnant women attending antenatal care in secondary healthcare facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi between June 2024 and January 2025. Methodology: Total of 720 serum samples of pregnant women attending the health facilities in Nasarawa state were randomly collected and HBV was screened using rapid test kits method. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among the pregnant women was found to be 2.1% (15 cases). The highest prevalence was observed in women aged 16-20 years (8.3%), those who were single (2.9%), and those with no formal education (3.7%). Additionally, higher prevalence rates were noted among women without scarification (2.1%), without a history of vaccination (2.2%), in the first trimester of pregnancy (5.5%), and those who do not consume alcohol (2.2%). No cases of HBV were detected among pregnant women who consumed alcohol or had received the HBV vaccine. Conclusion: The study highlights a low prevalence of HBV among pregnant women, with higher rates in younger, uneducated, and unvaccinated individuals. The findings emphasize the need for increased HBV screening, vaccination, and education to reduce the risk, particularly among high-risk groups.

Impact of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with plasmodium parasites in selected health facilities in Accra, Ghana

BackgroundThe severity of malaria is often exacerbated by concurrent health issues, including coinfections with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Recent research suggests that the shared pathophysiological characteristics of HBV and malaria influence patient outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV among patients infected with Plasmodium species and to evaluate the associated risk factors and clinical outcomes in individuals attending various health facilities.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted at Korle-Bu, Mamprobi, and Ashaiman Polyclinics in the Greater Accra Region. Patients presenting with malaria-like symptoms at the outpatient department (OPD) were recruited. Participants who tested positive for malaria via a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and provided written consent were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained through questionnaires. Blood samples (4 mL) were collected into a serum separator and EDTA tubes. The HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and malaria parasites were detected via an HBV rapid diagnostic test and microscopy, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also used to confirm the presence of the Plasmodium parasite. Liver function and hematological parameters were evaluated via a chemistry analyser and hematology analyser, respectively.ResultsIn total, 174 participants were recruited, comprising 99 (56.90%) from Korle-Bu Polyclinic, 50 (28.74%) from Mamprobi Polyclinic, and 25 (14.37%) from Ashaiman Polyclinic. Malaria diagnostics revealed that 52.87% (92/174) of the samples tested positive for malaria parasite via microscopy, and 73.56% (128/174) of the samples tested positive via PCR. The majority of participants were females (56.89%) and were predominantly aged 18–30 years. Common symptoms included headache, loss of appetite, and fever. HBV and malaria coinfection was observed in 9.19% of the patients. Increased alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and basophil counts were significantly associated with HBV and malaria coinfection (p = 0.029).ConclusionThis study revealed a slightly greater prevalence of HBV and malaria coinfection than previously reported. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating routine coinfection diagnostics and improving HBV vaccination efforts to improve patient outcomes.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Among Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients in Khartoum State: Implications for Chemotherapy Management and Screening Protocols

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among newly diagnosed cancer patients in Khartoum State, Sudan, prior to chemotherapy initiation and to identify associated risk factors.Methods and ResultsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to April 2023 at various oncology centers in Khartoum State. A total of 300 newly diagnosed cancer patients, aged 18 years and older, were included. Blood samples were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) and confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study found that 31 patients (10.3%) were HBsAg positive. A significant association was observed between HBV positivity and patients' history of blood transfusions (41.9% of positive cases), as well as geographic origin, with higher rates among those from Western Sudan (44.7%) and Central Sudan (40.6%). Patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies exhibited the highest HBV prevalence. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between HBV positivity and factors such as age, gender, residence, and transfusion history, indicating these as key risk factors.ConclusionThe study reveals a notable HBV seroprevalence among cancer patients in Khartoum, particularly linked to blood transfusion history and specific regions. These findings emphasize the need for routine HBV screening in oncology patients before chemotherapy to prevent reactivation and improve clinical outcomes.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Blood Donors at Dongola Hospital, Northern State, Sudan

Background: Blood transfusion is a critical, life-saving medical intervention performed worldwide. However, it carries potential risks, including the transmission of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs), particularly viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are significant causes of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among blood donors at Dongola Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2025 involving 100 voluntary blood donors. Participants were evaluated based on demographic characteristics, donation history, and risk factors such as previous surgery, tattooing or hijama (Islamic wet cupping), and history of jaundice. Screening for HBV and HCV was performed using immunochromatographic testing (ICT). Results: In this study 100 patients were the age of 61 (61%) of them 18 – 30 years old, 24 (24%) aged 31 – 40 Years, while 11(11%) aged 41- 50 years old and, 4 (4%) were aged 51 years old and older. and there are 61 (61%) of them have History of Donation, while 39 (39%) of them have no History of Blood Donation. 93 (93%) of them have Negative result of HBV Test, while 7 (7%) of them have Positive result of HBV test. 100 (100%) of them have Negative result of HCV Test. involved in this study, 2 (2%) of them have History of Tatto or Islamic Higama, while 98 (98%) of them have No History of Tatto or Islamic Higama and there are 3 (3%) of them have History of Surgery, while 97 (97%) of them have no History of Surgery. were 6 (6%) of them have History of Jaundice, while 94 (94%) of them have No History of Jaundice. in this study, 1% in Hafer and Mgaser, 3% live in Baden, Shaikh Sharive and Kmnar, 5% of them live in Altety, while 6% live in Grada, Algoled, 7% live in Aldem, 12% in Alselam, and 53% in Dongola. Conclusion: This study highlights the presence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) among blood donors at Dongola Hospital. The results suggest that although the prevalence of HCV is low in this population, HBV remains a significant concern, particularly among younger donors aged 18–30 years. The current screening method using Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) showed limitations in accuracy, indicating the necessity for more reliable diagnostic tools such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Sero-detection of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Ag among Drugs Upusers in Prisons by Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) at Khartoum State

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a vaccine-preventable infection, remains one of the leading causes of acute and chronic liver diseases. The resulting cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were the main contributing factors to HBV burden. Hepatitis B is one of the main infectious diseases among people who use drugs (PWUD). There are several reasons why PWUD are considered more vulnerable to HBV. Needle sharing is one of the major routes of transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). Substance use contributes to other certain vulnerabilities, such as homelessness, incarceration and unsafe sexual contacts. In addition, this population has limited access to health services required for timely prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBsAg among drug users in prison and assess associated risk factors. Methods and Materials: A case-control study was conducted in Kober and Al Huda prisons, Khartoum State, from May to August 2022. A total of 150 prisoners with a history of drug use were enrolled. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA to detect HBsAg. Statistical analysis was performed to assess associations between infection status and risk factors such as needle sharing. Results: Among 150 drug users, 30 (20%) were HBsAg positive, while 120 (80%) were negative. The study found a significant association between needle sharing and HBsAg positivity (p = 0.003). The highest prevalence was among heroin users (8.0%) and those aged 30-50 years (13.3%). Males had a higher prevalence (15.3%) than females (4.7%), though this difference was not significant (p = 0.168). Conclusion: HBV prevalence among drug users is considerable. Strengthening harm reduction programs, promoting vaccination, and implementing regular screening in prisons are crucial to reducing HBV transmission.

Schistosoma mansoni infection and hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate among school children in Jille Timuga District, Amhara Region, Northeast Ethiopia.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly prevalent and a major health problem in developing countries. Controversial findings are reported on the effect of schistosomiasis and HBV infection. This study aimed to describe the association of S. mansoni infection with Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage rate in schistosome endemic setting. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024 among school children aged 7-14 years old in two primary schools of Jille Timuga district of Oromo special zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Demographic and health related data was collected by Kobo collect tool. Blood and stool specimens were collected to test Hepatitis B infection using rapid test kit and S.mansoni infection by kato-katz method respectively. The data was analyzed by STATA version 17 statistical software. A descriptive statistic, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. P-value of <0.05 was used as a cut-off in reporting statistical significance. A total of 300 children participated in the study with a mean age of 10.5 years (±2) ranging from 7 to 14 years. Eighty-nine (29.6%) children were infected with S. mansoni and the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was 0.3%; no co-infection was observed. Children who had taken praziquantel mass treatment recently (<6 month) had higher infection rate at 34%. Likewise, highest prevalence of S. mansoni infection (39.8%) was found among 11-12 years age group. A significant association of sex with higher S.mansoni infection rate was observed where males had 2.07 increased odds of infection. The observed prevalence of S. mansoni infection (29.6%) was high in view of the ongoing preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel. The low, 0.3%, prevalence of HBV in the setting of higher S.mansoni prevalence underscore non well defined association of HBSAg carriage with schistosomiasis. However, a larger, well-controlled further research is recommended. The infection rate of S. mansoni was higher among children who recently took praziquantel which highlight the limitations of mass drug administration (MDA) program and possibility of re-infection. These emphasize the need for integrated schistosomiasis control programs, combining mass drug administration with other supportive intervention measures such as snail control.

The Dual Burden of Hepatitis B and C Among Drug Users in Asia: The First Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality among drug users in Asia. This study systematically reviews and analyzes the pooled prevalence of HBV and HCV, considering geographic and methodological variations. A meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines included data from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar on studies on HBV or HCV or a combination of both within Asia. A random-effects model estimated pooled prevalence, with subgroup analyses by region, study design, diagnostic method, and publication year. A total of 112 studies were analyzed. The pooled HBV prevalence among drug users was 14.3% (95% CI: 11.5-17.6), highest in Malaysia (28.7%) and Vietnam (26.6%). HCV prevalence was 58.6% (95% CI: 54.0-63.0), with the highest rates in Vietnam (63.5%) and China (62.9%). Retrospective studies reported a higher prevalence than cross-sectional ones. The use of ELISA for initial screening followed up by PCR reduced heterogeneity, improving diagnostic accuracy. HBV prevalence declined after 2010, while HCV rates remained persistently high. The high burden of HBV and HCV among drug users in Asia underscores an urgent public health concern. Targeted interventions, including vaccination, harm reduction strategies, and improved access to antiviral treatments, are essential to curbing transmission and enhancing health outcomes.

Prevalence and burden of HBV-HIV co-morbidity: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Because of the shared modes of transmission, co-infections of HBV are common among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. While the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the life expectancy of HIV patients, hepatitis viral co-infections have become increasingly important. Particularly, HBV infection remains under-diagnosed and under-reported, despite its highly infectious nature. Therefore, this review was aimed at understanding the burden of hepatitis B disease among adults living with HIV receiving ART. Using pertinent search terms, all research found in Google Scholar, HINARI, EMBAS, Scopus, and PubMed was located. Data were extracted following the evaluation of the evidence using the Joanna Briggs Institute's cross-sectional and cohort study methodologies. A total of 18 groups involving 71,411 adults with HBV-HIV were selected for the study. Of those, 10.21% with 95% CI (5.06, 15.36) and 11.05% with 95% CI (2.78, 19.32) of HBV-HIV adults worldwide had an overall prevalence of HBV, with an I2 value of 0.0% (p-value = 0.729) and an I2 value of 0.0% (p-value = 0.818) from cross-sectional and cohort studies, respectively. The global prevalence of people living with HBV-HIV is high, which poses a serious risk to public health. The review can clearly show the current pooled prevalence of HIV-HBV in the world, which may be helpful for policymakers because a large number of recent studies were included in it. Thus, it is strongly advised to broaden the current preventive and control program's purview and implement new, sensitive screening, testing, and treatment techniques. To raise community awareness, it would also be preferable to revamp the current prevention and control program and establish target-specific task forces at various health facility levels.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B and C infection among pregnant women attending a government hospital in Delhi

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during pregnancy is associated with perinatal transmission contributing to the pool of HBV and HCV infection. Pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B and positive Hepatitis B virus E antigen (HBeAg) have a 90% likelihood of transmitting the hepatitis B virus to their newborns. Vertical (mother-to-child) transmission is the leading cause of HCV infection in children. Though there is much data on the overall prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among the general population, only a few studies are focusing on the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among pregnant women. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted in Delhi. A total of 422 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic for the first time were interviewed for risk factors for transmission and then tested for HBsAg and anti-HCV using rapid diagnostic test kit. Results: The seroprevalence for HBsAg and anti-HCV among the participants was 2.1% and 0.2%, respectively. Risk factor assessment revealed a significant association with the history of blood or blood product transfusion. Conclusion: Prevalence rates for HBsAg are higher than those reported in some previous studies and the national average. More in-depth research studies are needed to identify potential risk factors significantly contributing to the disease burden for the targeted approach to eliminate infection.

Prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among various donor groups: A comparative analysis

BACKGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) are illnesses spread through contaminated blood or blood products. In India, screening for TTIs such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-I/II, malaria, and syphilis is mandatory before blood transfusions. Worldwide, HCV, HBV, and HIV are the leading viruses causing mortality, affecting millions of people globally, including those with co-infections of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV. Studies highlight the impact of TTIs on life expectancy and health risks, such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, and other diseases in individuals with chronic HBV. Globally, millions of blood donations take place annually, emphasizing the importance of maintaining blood safety. AIM To study the prevalence of TTIs, viz., HBV, HCV, HIV I/II, syphilis, and malaria parasite (MP), among different blood donor groups. METHODS The study assessed the prevalence of TTIs among different blood donor groups in Delhi, India. Groups included total donors, in-house donors, total camp donors, institutional camp donors, and community camp donors. Tests for HIV, HBV, and HCV were done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while syphilis was tested with rapid plasma reagins and MP rapid card methods. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis, expressed as percentages. Differences in infection rates between the groups were analyzed using χ ² tests and P -values (less than 0.05). RESULTS The study evaluated TTIs among 42158 blood donors in Delhi. The overall cumulative frequency of TTIs in total blood donors was 2.071%, and the frequencies of HBV, HCV, HIV-I/II, venereal disease research laboratory, and MP were 1.048%, 0.425%, 0.221%, 0.377%, and 0.0024%, respectively. In-house donors, representing 37656 donors, had the highest transfusion transmissible infection (TTI) prevalence at 2.167%. Among total camp donors (4502 donors), TTIs were identified in 1.266% of donors, while community camp donors (2439 donors) exhibited a prevalence of 1.558%. Institutional camp donors (2063 donors) had the lowest TTI prevalence at 0.921%. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in overall TTI prevalence, with total and in-house donors exhibiting higher rates compared to camp donors. CONCLUSION Ongoing monitoring and effective screening programs are essential for minimizing TTIs. Customizing blood safety measures for different donor groups and studying socio-economic-health factors is essential to improving blood safety.

Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Use Drugs in Turkey.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients who applied to the Alcohol and Substance Abuse Treatment and Education Center and received outpatient or inpatient treatment and to raise awareness among people with these viruses who are unaware of their condition. The study included 8071 patients whose files were retrospectively scanned via the Healthcare Information Management System for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), and HIV antibody (anti-HIV) positivity; demographic characteristics; and substance use. Our participants were divided into the people who inject drugs (PWID) and non-injection drug user (NIDU) groups. The mean age of the 8071 patients included in the study was 39.0 ± 12.9 years. The HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV positivity rates were 2.2%, 33.2%, 0.8%, and 0.6%, respectively. In total, 60.9% of the patients were using sedative-hypnotics, 52% methamphetamine, 4.5% alcohol, and 2.8% intravenous substances. In the PWID group, the HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV seropositivity rates were 25%, 24.4%, and 10.7%, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those in the NIDU group (P < .01). When stratified by sex, the HBsAg and anti-HBs positivity rates were significantly higher in men than in women. The prevalence of HBV and HCV was similar to the frequency seen in the general population. Ensuring that individuals are aware of their diseases will prevent negative outcomes such as cirrhosis and cancer and contribute to the protection of public health by avoiding person-to-person transmission.

Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, immunoglobulins and antiviral medications, HBV prevalence remains high in developing regions. This study investigates the potential risk factors associated with HBV infection in the Kurdistan region of Iraq to aid in developing targeted prevention strategies. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 4091 participants from Duhok and Zakho, in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Data on demographics and potential risk factors were collected via a structured questionnaire. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine infection status. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Results: The mean age of enrolled participants was 29.33 years ± 10.74. Among them, 2851/4091 (69.69%) were females, 3385/4091 (82.74%) were residents of city and 3682/4091 (88.68%) were married. The prevalence of HBV infection among them was 3.67% (150/4091) and the following factors were significantly associated with HBV infection: female gender (p = 0.001), rural residency (p = 0.001), being married (p = 0.0014). Though a history of general operation and tattooing was found to be associated with HBV infection, this association was lost in multivariate analysis (p &gt; 0.05) possibly due to confounding effect. A history of receiving blood or dental procedure was not significantly associated with HBV infection (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV infection in Duhok and Zakho remains high and several predictive factors were identified which can be used to target infection control measures. Future research should focus on a population-based study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection to better inform public health policies.

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and associated factors among blood donors in Hossana blood bank catchment area, Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundHuman hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver brought on by the DNA virus known as the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Around the world, 240 million people are thought to have HBV in a chronic state. The prevalence of viral hepatitis is extremely high in Africa. Prior reports from various regions of the nation have indicated a variable prevalence of HBV infection.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of HBV infections and associated factors among blood donors in the Hossana blood bank catchment area in August 2023.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 546 blood donors in the Hossana blood bank catchment area from August 22 to September 22, 2023. Study participants were included using the system established by the blood bank. Both Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The association of variables was declared at p-value < 0.05 and strength of association was presented using AOR with a corresponding 95% CI. The adequacy of the model was checked by Hosmer-Lemeshow test.Resultsa total of 546 participant’s data was analyzed. The prevalence of HBV among blood donors in the Hossana blood bank catchment area was 7.88 with 95% CI [5.76–10.46]. No participants received post-donation counseling. Having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 5.18, 95% CI: 1.32–20.36), Sharing of sharp material (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI: 1.32–10.13) and tooth extraction (AOR = 5.55, 95% CI: 2.08–14.78) were identified as factors associated with HBV positivity.ConclusionIn this study, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus was 7.88, which is intermediate. Multiple sexual partners, sharing of sharp material, and tooth extraction were related to the hepatitis b virus. Though post-donation counseling is important for the control and prevention of hepatitis b virus infection, it has been neglected since the establishment of the blood bank we strongly recommend counseling regular donors.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

P-437. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Co-infection in People with HIV by Birth Cohort– Potential Impact of HBV Vaccination Availability

Abstract Background Due to shared modes of transmission, people with HIV (PWH) have disproportionately high rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Availability of the HBV vaccine in the US since 1982 and recommendations for universal and catch-up vaccination of infants and children since the 1990s may be associated with lower HBV prevalence among PWH born after 1980. To study how HBV vaccination availability impacted co-infection rates in PWH, we compared the prevalence of active HBV infection at entry into an HIV cohort by birth year groups.Table 1.Baseline characteristics of patients by birth cohort Methods We included PWH from the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort who had HBsAg testing within one year of cohort entry. HBV infection was defined as a positive HBsAg test. Patients were categorized into birth cohorts of 1940-1959, 1960-1979 and 1980-1999 and then further dichotomized to pre- and post-1980 cohorts. Descriptive statistics were used to assess HBsAg prevalence by birth cohort and HIV infection risk factors [men who have sex with men (MSM) and injection drug use (IDU)]. Log binomial regression was used to assess the association of birth cohort (pre-1980 vs post-1980) with HBsAg positivity adjusting for race/ethnicity, HIV infection risk factors (MSM, IDU), baseline viral load, and year of and age at cohort entry.Figure 1.Timeline of HBV vaccination recommendations by the Advisory Committee of Immunization Practices and the corresponding age of patients in pre- and post-1980 birth cohort Results Of the 5608 PWH enrolled in the cohort between 1993 and 2023, 77% were Black, 30% were MSM, and 39% had a history of IDU. Mean age at cohort entry was 39.6 (9.6). Overall HBV prevalence was 6.7% and prevalence by birth cohort was 6.2% (1940-1959), 7.8% (1960-1979) and 2.5% (1980-1999). Among MSM, HBV prevalence was higher at 10.6% (1940-1959), 11.4% (1960-1979) and 2.9% (1980-1999) compared to non-MSM at 5.0% (1940-1959), 6.3% (1960-1979) and 1.8% (1980-1999). HBV prevalence was similar in IDU and non-IDU groups. The risk of HBV infection was significantly lower in the post-1980 birth cohort vs the pre-1980 birth cohort (adjusted RR= 0.17; 95% CI 0.08, 0.34; adjusted RD= -0.06; 95% CI -0.07, -0.04). Conclusion PWH born after 1980 had a lower risk of HBV co-infection than PWH born before 1980, highlighting the potential impact of HBV vaccination on HBV prevalence in PWH. PWH identifying as MSM continue to have disproportionately high HBV prevalence. Additional efforts are needed to implement universal HBV vaccination of adults as recommended in 2021. Disclosures Mark S. Sulkowski, MD, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Aligos Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Precision Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Vir: Grant/Research Support|Virion: Advisor/Consultant Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia, MBBS ,MPH, Abbvie Inc: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Viruses among Hemodialysis Patients in Mukalla City, Hadhramout, Yemen

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk of infection with blood transfusion viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Chronic infections with HBV and HCV may lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objective: The present work was aimed to screen the seroprevalence rate and risk factors of HBV and HCV infections among HD patients attending the Artificial Kidney Center in Mukalla city, Hadhramout Governorate, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 110 HD patients (73 males and 37 females) in the period from January to March 2024. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV were detected using the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay technique. The data concerning risk factors were collected using a designed questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: In our study, 6(5.5%) of HD patients were HBsAg positive and 8(7.3%) were anti-HCV positive. There was statistically significant correlation between the age groups and educational level with the prevalence rate of HBV (P &lt; 0.05). Analysis of other risk factors in HD patients with HBV and HCV infections of variables the blood transfusion during hemodialysis, previous operational surgery, number of hemodialysis more than 3 times per month, duration of hemodialysis 1-5 years, and unvaccinated patients against HBV don't showed any statistically significant associations. Conclusion: The present study showed a reduction in the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in HD patients, but represents a serious community health problem to become a nosocomial infection in the Artificial Kidney Center in Mukalla city, Hadhramout. So, proper and effective procedures for infection control may be reduce and prevent viral hepatitis infections.

The Burden of Hepatitis B and C in Asia, 1990-2019: An Update Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

This research was aimed to uncover the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) related diseases burden in Asia over the past 3 decades, estimating from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Age-standardised rates, case numbers of prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), incidence and deaths with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) for HBV/HCV-related diseases from 1990 to 2019 were derived from GBD 2019 database, with the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) calculated. Our analysis also encompassed the association between the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and the burden of HBV/HCV-related diseases, future disease burden predictions in six selected countries and various risk factors. A general downward trend in the age-standardised rates of death, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence and incidence for both HBV and HCV-related diseases was observed in Asia during the past 30 years. Despite overall declining trends, some analysed diseases experienced an increase. Compared with females, the disease burden was greater in the male population and peaked in the age of 50-54 for both sexes. It is significant for the HBV-related and HCV-related diseases burden in Afghanistan, Cambodia, Mongolia and Pakistan. Drug use and smoking were prominent contributors to HCV and HBV-related diseases. There was a negative relationship between the burden of HCV and HBV-related diseases and SDI. Although decreases were observed in Asia, the HBV- and HCV-associated diseases burden remained high, highlighting that imperative measures for prevention and treatment should be taken by governments in Asia.

Evaluating Hepatitis B Screening During Pregnancy: A Study on Diagnostic Accuracy and Infection Control in Nigeria.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a critical public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly among pregnant women in Nigeria. Routine screening using rapid diagnostic kits is common in antenatal care, yet the accuracy of these tests can vary. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalencwe of HBV among pregnant women who had previously undergone screening using rapid diagnostic kits at Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria, to assess the effectiveness of initial screening and identify any missed cases. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 263 pregnant women. Blood samples were tested for HBV markers (HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb) using ELISA. Sociodemographic data and potential risk factors were also analysed. The study found that 7.6% of women were HBsAg positive, indicating active HBV infection, and 49.6% were susceptible to HBV. There was a significant association between higher education levels and HBV seropositivity. Employment status also correlated with HBV prevalence, with self-employed women showing higher seroprevalence. Additionally, a history of blood transfusions was linked to higher HBV seropositivity. The findings highlight the limitations of rapid diagnostic kits in detecting HBV and underscore the need for enhanced infection prevention and control measures, including confirmatory testing, robust vaccination programmes and safe delivery practices to reduce HBV transmission in high-burden regions like Nigeria.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG ONCOLOGY PATIENTS

Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening for patients with newly diagnosed solid cancer is not standard practice in oncology, and authorities disagree on whether complete screening should be carried out. Additionally, research on the risk factors for HBV infection in this patient population may differ from that in the general population. Therefore, estimating the prevalence of HBV and risk factors for HBV infection in individuals with recently diagnosed solid cancer was the study's goal. Subjects and methods: Newly diagnosed cancer patients at the oncology center of Al-Jumhori Hospital in Sana'a, are included in this cross-sectional study. A regular questionnaire created specifically for this study was used to gather data, which included demographic information, risk factors, cancer type, and test findings. Using an ELISA assays for HB surface antigen and HB Core IgG anti-antibodies were conducted. Results: The study analyzed 300 cancer patients with HBV testing, with a mean age of 42.9 years and a sex distribution of 37.6% men and 62.4% women. The crude HBV prevalence was 5%, with females having a higher prevalence. The study found no significant association between age, rural residency, married status, blood transfusion frequency, or blood sources with HBV risk. No association was found between under treatment chemotherapy and HBV infection. Conclusions: This study examines the frequency of HBV infections in patients with solid tumors for the first time in Yemen. Our study found that the nationwide prevalence of HBV was higher in cancer patients than in the broad population. Peer Review History: Received 15 October 2024; Reviewed 7 November; Accepted 21 December; Available online 15 January 2025 Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10