Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes Research Articles

The Impact of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Moral Injury on Women Veterans' Perinatal Outcomes Following Separation From Military Service.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been found to lead to several adverse perinatal outcomes in the general population. Preliminary research has found that women veterans with PTSD have an increased prevalence of preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. Less research has examined the role of moral injury (MI) in perinatal outcomes. This longitudinal survey study examined the impact of PTSD symptoms and MI on prospectively assessed adverse perinatal outcomes among women who became pregnant in the first 3 years after separating from U.S. military service (N = 318). The Moral Injury Events Scale was used to assess the degree to which individuals experienced distress related to transgressions of deeply held moral beliefs, and the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD) was used to assess PTSD symptoms. Perinatal outcomes included experiencing an adverse pregnancy outcome (e.g., preterm birth, gestational diabetes), postpartum depression and/or anxiety, and perceived difficult pregnancy. Although both PTSD symptoms, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.16, 95% CI [1.00, 1.35]; and MI, aOR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.06, 1.41], emerged as significant predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes, only PTSD symptoms were a significant predictor of postpartum depression and/or anxiety, aOR = 1.43, 95% CI [1.22, 1.68], and perception of a difficult pregnancy, β = .31, when controlling for lifetime trauma exposure, age, socioeconomic status, and ethnic/racial minority status. The results indicate that both PTSD symptoms and MI are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, supporting the potential need to screen for both PTSD and MI during the perinatal period.

Gestational diabetes mellitus, its associated factors, and the pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospitals of Bhubaneswar, India

Worldwide, there is an increasing trend in incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) which may result in serious complications for the mother and the fetus. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of GDM and its associated factors among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospitals in Bhubaneswar and assessed the maternal and neonatal complications associated with GDM. This observational study was undertaken during the year 2015–2016 involving 218 eligible pregnant women with estimated gestational age between 24th and 32nd weeks. Venous blood samples were collected for estimation of plasma glucose. According to Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) criteria, a woman was considered to have GDM if the 2-h plasma glucose value was ≥ 140 mg/dl. The prevalence of gestational diabetes among pregnant women was estimated at 13.8%. Women with increasing age {AOR (adjusted odds ratio): 1.44, 95% CI: 1.23–1.67}, women with higher body mass index (AOR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.31–11.11), women who had diabetic mother (AOR: 6.27, 95% CI: 1.95–20.15), and women who had gained more weight during pregnancy (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09–1.56) were at higher risk of developing GDM. The analysis showed that women with GDM were significantly at higher risk of having polyhydramnios (AOR: 5.27, 95% CI: 1.34–20.78), postpartum hemorrhage (AOR: 9.39, 95% CI: 1.09–80.41), and preterm delivery (AOR: 8.52, 95% CI: 1.47–49.21). Early diagnosis and appropriate management of gestational diabetes among pregnant women may have far-reaching repercussions for maternal and child health.

Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and Its Associated Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Women Referred to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan

Background: Gestational diabetes is one of the most common complications of pregnancy that has several effects on mother and baby. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes. Methods: This descriptive comparative study was carried out on all pregnant women who underwent 75 g glucose test and referred to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan for delivery from September to March 2018. Data was collected according to the client's biography obtained by the gynecologist and also the available evidence of gestational diabetes. Data was analyzed by SPSS 25 software. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes in the present study was 4.7%. The mean age in the group with gestational diabetes was 30.65± 6.9 years, which was statistically significant compared to the mean age of healthy mothers (27.93± 6.4) (P= 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in the type of delivery between the two groups (P<0.001) as the delivery method was cesarean section in 70.6% of patients with gestational diabetes. Evaluation of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between the two groups in terms of the need for induction (15.8% vs. 47.4%), cases of episiotomy (22.8% vs. 43.9%), cesarean delivery (63.2% vs. 26.3%) and the need for hospitalization of the infant in NICU (26.3% vs. 7%) indicated a statistically significant difference (P= 0.01). Conclusion: This study did not result in a significant difference in maternal and neonatal complications, except for the need for NICU hospitalization and delivery

Prevention and factors associated with anti-HCV carriage in pregnant women living in Cotonou

Introductionl´hépatite C est une infection dont la transmission mère-enfant est possible. L´objectif de ce travail était d´étudier la prévalence du portage des anticorps anti-VHC chez des femmes enceintes à Cotonou et d´identifier les facteurs qui y sont associés.Méthodesil s´est agi d´une étude transversale menée du 01/06/2018 au 01/09/2018 auprès de 253 gestantes reçues pour des soins prénatals dans quatre grandes maternités de Cotonou (Bénin). Les anticorps anti-VHC avaient été détectés par des tests rapides d´orientation diagnostique. Un échantillon de sang veineux avait été prélevé chez les gestantes avec anti-VHC positifs en vue de tests sérologiques de confirmation et d´un dépistage du diabète gestationnel.Résultatsla prévalence des anticorps anti-VHC était de 1,2% (3/253 gestantes). Les facteurs associés au portage du VHC n´avaient pu être identifiés compte tenu du faible nombre de cas positifs. Cependant, les gestantes porteuses des anticorps anti-VHC avaient une moyenne d´âge élevée (32 ± 3) comparativement au reste de la population (29,58 ± 5,5). Les facteurs de risque potentiels d´infection par le VHC retrouvés étaient les scarifications, le piercing, le tatouage, le partage du matériel de manucure, un antécédent d´intervention chirurgicale et de transfusion sanguine. La prévalence du diabète gestationnel dans notre étude était de 7,9% (20/253). Aucune association n´était trouvée entre le diabète gestationnel et l´hépatite C.Conclusionla prévalence des anticorps anti-VHC chez les gestantes à Cotonou était faible. Une étude d´envergure nationale s´avère nécessaire afin d´identifier les facteurs associés à cette infection.

Pregnancy complications in women of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin and women in the general population in Finland

Objective:We compared the prevalence of gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders in the most recent pregnancy among women of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin and women in the general population in Finland.Methods:The study groups were selected from population-based samples of 18- to 64-year-old women. The women were of Russian (n = 318), Somali (n = 583), and Kurdish (n = 373) origin or from the general population (n = 243), and had given birth in Finland between 2004 and 2014. The data were obtained from the National Medical Birth Register and the Hospital Discharge Register. Data on gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders were extracted based on relevant International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. The main statistical methods were logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, parity, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and smoking.Results:The prevalence of gestational diabetes was 19.1% in Kurdish, 14.4% in Somali, 9.3% in Russian, and 11.8% in the general population. The prevalence of hypertensive disorders was 5.4% in the general population, 3.8% in Somali, 3.1% in Kurdish, and 1.7% in Russian. When adjusted for confounders, Kurdish women had two-fold odds for gestational diabetes (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval = 1.20–3.32) compared with the general population, but the odds for hypertensive disorders did not differ between groups.Conclusion:Women of Kurdish origin were more likely to develop gestational diabetes. Studies with larger samples are required to confirm these findings to develop prevention strategies for later development of type 2 diabetes. Future research including other migrant groups is recommended to identify differences in pregnancy complications among the women in migrant and general population.

Prevalence of gestational diabetes and associated risk factors in the population of Safi Province in Morocco.

Introductionthe association of diabetes with pregnancy is a frequent gestational situation that constitutes a real public health problem with prevalence and risk factors varying according to the population type. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD) and associated risk factors (socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetric history) in pregnant women from the Moroccan province of Safi.Methodsthis cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted during the period from October 2018 to February 2019, on 208 pregnant women, attending the antenatal consultation services of four health centers equally distributed between urban and rural areas of Safi Province in Morocco. The data on blood glucose levels and the risk factors for gestational diabetes generally described in the literature were collected. The statistical Chi-square test and the logistic regression were used to check the association between gestational diabetes and the risk factors.Resultsthe mean age of the pregnant women sample was 28.9 ± 6.8 years and the prevalence of GD was 24.5%. Using multivariate logistic regression, the most significantly associated risk factors were the diabetic inheritance of a primary relative (OR=2.616 [95% CI: 1.281-5.341]; p=0.008) and the high education level (OR=2.301 [95% CI: 1.123-4.716] p=0.023).Conclusionthe results show that gestational diabetes is a frequent pathology among the study population. The data revealed also that the diabetes inheritance (primary relative) and the high level of education are the main risk factors of this pathology in the surveyed pregnant women in the study province.

Gestational Diabetes in the Population Served by Brazilian Public Health Care. Prevalence and Risk Factors.

To assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and the main associated risk factors in the population served by the Brazilian Unified Health System in the city of Caxias do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul. A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted. Maternal variables were collected from the medical records of all pregnant women treated at the basic health units in 2016. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy (pregestational diabetes, overt diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus) was identified by analyzing the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Based on the data, the women were allocated into two groups: the gestational diabetes group and the no gestational diabetes group. The estimated prevalence of gestational diabetes among 2,313 pregnant women was of 5.4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 4.56-6.45). Pregnant women with 3 or more pregnancies had twice the odds of having gestational diabetes compared with primiparous women (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.42-3.37; p < 0.001). Pregnant women aged 35 years or older had three times the odds of having gestational diabetes when compared with younger women (OR = 3.01; 95%CI: 1.97-4.61; p < 0.001). Overweight pregnant women were 84% more likely to develop gestational diabetes than those with a body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.84; 95%CI: 1.25-2.71; p = 0.002). A multivariable regression analysis showed that being overweight and being 35 years old or older were independent variables. In this population, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was of 5.4%. Age and being overweight were predictive factors for gestational diabetes.

Diabetes during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among First Nations women in Ontario, 2002/03-2014/15: a population-based cohort study.

In Canada, increasing numbers of women, especially First Nations women, are affected by diabetes during pregnancy, which is a major risk factor for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine temporal trends in pregnancy outcomes and use of health care services in a population-based cohort of First Nations women compared to other women in Ontario according to diabetes status during pregnancy. Using health administrative databases, we created annual cohorts of pregnant women from 2002/03 to 2014/15 and identified those with preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes. We used the Indian Register to identify First Nations women. We estimated rates of adverse maternal and infant outcomes, and measures of use of health care services in each population. There were 1 671 337 deliveries among 1 065 950 women during the study period; of these deliveries, 31 417 (1.9%) were in First Nations women, and 1 639 920 (98.1%) were in other women. First Nations women had a higher prevalence of preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes than other women in Ontario. First Nations women with preexisting diabetes had higher rates of preeclampsia (3.2%-5.6%), labour induction (33.4%-42.9%) and cesarean delivery (47.8%-53.7%) than other women in Ontario, as did First Nations women with gestational diabetes (3.2%-4.7%, 38.5%-46.9% and 41.4%-43.4%, respectively). The rate of preterm birth was similar between First Nations women and other women in Ontario. Although First Nations women had a higher rate of babies who were large for gestational age than other women, regardless of diabetes status, obstructed labour rates were similar for the 2 cohorts. Almost all First Nations women, regardless of diabetes status, were seen by a primary care provider during their pregnancy, but rates of use of specialty care were lower for First Nations women than for other women. Fifteen percent of all pregnant women with preexisting diabetes visited an ophthalmologist during their pregnancy. Our results confirm disparities in maternal and neonatal outcomes between First Nations women and other women in Ontario. Access to primary care for pregnant women seemed adequate, but access to specialized care, especially for women with preexisting diabetes, needs to improve.

Prevalence, risk factors and morbidities of gestational diabetes among pregnant women attending a hospital in an urban area of Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes several maternal and neonatal complications.Aims:This exploratory study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, determine the risk factors and morbidities among pregnant women.Methods:In this prospective study, 1557 pregnant women attending the Gyn. & Obs. clinic of a hospital in an urban area of Bhubaneswar were enrolled. Various socio-demographic factors and clinical profiles were assessed. We used a Glucometer for the diagnosis of GDM.Results:More younger pregnant women residing in slums, sedentary and overweight were having diabetes. A large percentage of pregnant women living in rural areas and slums visit the government hospitals as they are benefitted by the State govt.'s scheme, Mamata. Pregnant women residing in the urban areas prefer to go for ante-natal check-ups in private Nursing homes/Clinics owing to the crowd and prolonged waiting hours. In this study, body mass index (BMI) and family history of the pregnant women appeared to be the significant risk factors for the gestational diabetes. Out of 1557 pregnant women, 154 were having diabetes, the prevalence being 9.89%. This is low when compared to the studies reported from other regions of the country.Conclusions:Gluco-One is suitable for screening gestational diabetes using the optimal threshold capillary glucose level of 140 mg/dl. As the pregnant women find it difficult to come the next day just to collect the results, this facilitated in getting the test results promptly and appropriate consultation by Doctor the same day. Glucometer can be used for accurate screening of gestational diabetes mellitus. Pregnant women with screening values not normal were identified on the spot and followed up at regular intervals. Screening for diabetes among pregnant women would result in early case detection indirectly resulting in better outcomes of treatment and prevention of complications.

Influence of Acculturation on Risk for Gestational Diabetes Among Asian Women.

IntroductionAsian women have a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus than women of other races/ethnicities. We aimed to compare the prevalence of gestational diabetes among Asian American women to other racial/ethnic groups and explore whether the higher occurrence of the disorder among Asian women can be explained by acculturation.MethodsWe conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study among 5,562 women who participated in the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby Study (LAMB) in Los Angeles County, California. All women included in this study had a live delivery in 2007 and did not have pre-pregnancy type I or II diabetes. We applied multivariate, weighted logistic regressions to compare gestational diabetes prevalence among racial/ethnic groups, adjusting for its known risk factors. We conducted mediation analysis to test whether the difference in prevalence across racial/ethnic groups could be explained by acculturation.ResultsAmong the 5,562 women studied, the weighted prevalence of gestational diabetes was 15.5% among Asian American women, followed by 9.0% among non-Hispanic black women, 10.7% among Hispanic women, and 7.9% among non-Hispanic white women. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, Asian women had 2.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81–3.29; P < .001) times the odds of having gestational diabetes, independent of maternal age, education, marital status, income, prenatal care adequacy, prepregnancy BMI, and physical activity. Acculturation was negatively associated with having gestational diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86–0.99) and explained 15.9% (95% CI, 11.38%–25.08%; P < .001) of the association between Asian race and the condition.ConclusionWe found that Asian race was an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes, and higher acculturation may play a protective role against it in Asian American women.

Gestational age, morbidity and mortality among twin births in New South Wales, Australia 2003-2014: A cohort study.

Evidence suggests that the trend toward early planned births observed among singletons may be evident among twin pregnancies. To describe trends in gestational age at birth, pregnancy characteristics, neonatal morbidity and mortality among twin pregnancies. Population-based data linkage study of twin births of ≥30weeks of gestation without a major congenital anomaly born in 2003-2014 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Linked pregnancy and birth, hospital and mortality data were used. Generalised linear regression was used to assess linear trends. Risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Among 28076 eligible twin births (14038 pregnancies), 49% of births occurred prior to 37weeks and 69% of births were planned (pre-labour caesarean or induction of labour). There were increases over time in the proportion of twin births at preterm gestations (30-34weeks (RD 2.1, 95% CI 0.1, 4.0), 35-36weeks (RD 7.5, 95% CI 5.4, 9.7)) and in the rates of planned births (pre-labour caesarean (RD 6.4, 95% CI 4.0, 8.8), induction (RD 4.6, 95% CI 2.6, 6.6)). There was no significant change in stillbirth or neonatal death rates, but there was an increase in neonatal morbidity over the study period. Concurrently, there were increases in the prevalence of gestational diabetes; and decreases in pregnancy hypertension, assisted reproductive technology use, small-for-gestational age and birthweight discordance. Gestational age at birth among twin births is decreasing and birth intervention is increasing. There are increasing rates of neonatal morbidity, but no overall change in perinatal mortality.

Sleep in Pregnancy and Maternal Hyperglycemia: a Narrative Review.

Prevalence of gestational diabetes is increasing globally and sleep may be a modifiable lifestyle factor associated with it. However, existing findings have been inconsistent. Majority of studies reviewed found a link between extreme sleep durations and elevated risk of maternal hyperglycemia. The findings with sleep-disordered breathing are less consistent. Methodological differences across studies, in terms of sleep assessment methods (subjective vs. objective), study population (low vs. high risk), classification of gestational diabetes and sleep problems, may have contributed to the inconsistent findings. Some studies also suggest the possibility of trimester-specific association between sleep and maternal hyperglycemia. Large-scale prospective studies comprising objective measurements of sleep, preferably over three trimesters and preconception, are needed to better evaluate the relationship between sleep and maternal hyperglycemia.

Association between advanced maternal age and maternal and neonatal morbidity: A cross-sectional study on a Spanish population.

Background and objectiveOver recent decades, a progressive increase in the maternal age at childbirth has been observed in developed countries, posing a health risk for both women and infants. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between advanced maternal age (AMA) and maternal and neonatal morbidity.Material and methodsA cross-sectional study of 3,315 births was conducted in the north of Spain in 2014. We compared childbirth between women aged 35 years or older, with a reference group of women aged between 24 and 27 years. AMA was categorized based on ordinal ranking into 35–38 years, 39–42 years, and >42 years to estimate a dose-response pattern (the older the age, the greater the risk). As an association measure, crude and adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) were estimated by non-conditional logistic regression and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) were calculated.ResultsRepeated abortions were more common among women of AMA in comparison to pregnant women aged 24–27 years (reference group): adjusted OR = 2.68; 95%CI (1.52–4.73). A higher prevalence of gestational diabetes was also observed among women of AMA, reaching statistical significance when restricted to first time mothers: adjusted OR = 8.55; 95%CI (1.12–65.43). In addition, the possibility of an instrumental delivery was multiplied by 1.6 and the possibility of a cesarean by 1.5 among women of AMA, with these results reaching statistical significance, and observing a dose-response pattern. Lastly, there were associations between preeclampsia, preterm birth (<37 weeks) and low birthweight, however without reaching statistical significance.ConclusionOur results support the association between AMA and suffering repeated abortions. Likewise, being of AMA was associated with a greater risk of suffering from gestational diabetes, especially among primiparous women, as well as being associated with both instrumental deliveries and cesareans among both primiparous and multiparous women.

Influence of Foetal Macrosomia on the Neonatal and Maternal Birth Outcome.

Introduction Foetal macrosomia is associated with various obstetrical complications and is a common reason for inductions and primary or secondary Caesarean sections. The objective of this study is the generation of descriptive data on the mode of delivery and on maternal and foetal complications in the case of foetal macrosomia. The causes and consequences of foetal macrosomia as well as the rate of shoulder dystocia are examined in relation to the severity of the macrosomia. Patients The study investigated all singleton births ≥ 37 + 0 weeks of pregnancy with a birth weight ≥ 4000 g at the Charité University Medicine Berlin (Campus Mitte 2001 – 2017, Campus Virchow Klinikum 2014 – 2017). Results 2277 consecutive newborns (birth weight 4000 – 4499 g [88%], 4500 – 4999 g [11%], ≥ 5000 g [1%]) were included. Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes were more common in the case of newborns weighing ≥ 4500 g than newborns weighing 4000 – 4499 g (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). Women with newborns ≥ 5000 g were more often ≥ 40 years of age (p = 0.020) and multipara (p = 0.025). The mode of delivery was spontaneous in 60% of cases, vaginal-surgical in 9%, per primary section in 14% and per secondary section in 17%. With a birth weight ≥ 4500 g, a vaginal delivery was more rare (p < 0.001) and the rate of secondary sections was increased (p = 0.011). Women with newborns ≥ 4500 g suffered increased blood loss more frequently (p = 0.029). There was no significant difference with regard to the rate of episiotomies or serious birth injuries. Shoulder dystocia occurred more frequently at a birth weight of ≥ 4500 g (5 vs. 0.9%, p = 0.000). Perinatal acidosis occurred in 2% of newborns without significant differences between the groups. Newborns ≥ 4500 g were transferred to neonatology more frequently (p < 0.001). Conclusion An increased birth weight is associated with an increased maternal risk and an increased rate of primary and secondary sections as well as shoulder dystocia; no differences in the perinatal outcome between newborns with a birth weight of 4000 – 4499 g and ≥ 4500 g were seen. In our collective, a comparably low incidence of shoulder dystocia was seen. In the literature, the frequency is indicated with a large range (1.9 – 10% at 4000 – 4499 g, 2.5 – 20% at 4500 – 5000 g and 10 – 20% at ≥ 5000 g). One possible cause for the low rate could be the equally low prevalence of gestational diabetes in our collective. A risk stratification of the pregnant women (e.g. avoidance of vacuum extraction, taking gestational diabetes into account during delivery planning) is crucial. If macrosomia is presumed, it is recommended that delivery take place at a perinatal centre in the presence of a specialist physician, due to the increased incidence of foetal and maternal complications.

Gestational diabetes and acromegaly: Single-centre experience of 14 pregnancies.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD) in women with acromegaly is rarely reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of GD in acromegalic women submitted to a systematic screening for GD and then to compare women with or without GD. We studied 14 pregnancies in 11 women (34.0±3.6years) treated with somatostatin analogues after a pituitary surgery (n=6) or as primary (n=5) therapy, and treatment was discontinued at the time of pregnancy diagnosis for 13 pregnancies. One woman was diagnosed with acromegaly during pregnancy and was treated with octreotide LAR between 12 and 18weeks of gestation. Before pregnancy, no women had diabetes mellitus, and GH/IGF-1 hypersecretion was uncontrolled in 6 women. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed during 7 pregnancies (50%) in 6 women (one woman had GD during her 2 pregnancies), according to fasting blood glucose (n=5) or to an oral glucose tolerance test (n=2). Before pregnancy, IGF-1 was not controlled in 4 GD+ and in 2 GD- women. Women with GD were not significantly older and had increased pregestational BMI (P=.02), with a more frequent family history of type 2 diabetes, no personal history of GD but of macrosomia for one patient. The prevalence of GD in our women is higher than that reported in the literature, probably resulting from the systematic GD screening and to the age of women. Therefore, routine screening of GD should be considered in women with acromegaly, particularly in those with risk factors for GD and with uncontrolled IGF-1 levels before pregnancy.

Prevalence of gestational diabetes according to commonly used data sources: an observational study

BackgroundIt is well recognized that prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) varies depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used. The data source used also can lead to substantial differences in the reporting of GDM prevalence but is considered less frequently. Accurate estimation of GDM prevalence is important for service planning and evaluation, policy development, and research. We aimed to determine the prevalence of GDM in a cohort of New Zealand women using a variety of data sources and to evaluate the agreement between different data sources.MethodsA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Growing Up in New Zealand Study, consisting of a cohort of 6822 pregnant women residing in a geographical area defined by three regional health boards in New Zealand. Prevalence of GDM was estimated using four commonly used data sources. Coded clinical data on diabetes status were collected from regional health boards and the Ministry of Health’s National Minimum Dataset, plasma glucose results were collected from laboratories servicing the recruitment catchment area and coded according to the New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes diagnostic criteria, and self-reported diabetes status collected via interview administered questionnaires. Agreement between data sources was calculated using the proportion of agreement with 95% confidence intervals for both a positive and negative diagnosis of GDM.ResultsPrevalence of GDM combining data from all sources in the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort was 6.2%. Estimates varied from 3.8 to 6.9% depending on the data source. The proportion of agreement between data sources for presence of GDM was 0.70 (95% CI 0.65, 0.75). A third of women who had a diagnosis of GDM according to medical data reported having no diabetes in interview administered questionnaires.ConclusionPrevalence of GDM varies considerably depending on the data source used. Health services need to be aware of this and to understand the limitations of local data sources to ensure service planning and evaluation, policy development and research are appropriate for the local prevalence. Improved communication of the diagnosis may assist women’s self-management of GDM.

Confounding effect of ethnic diversity on booking-in body mass index and prevalence of gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders in pregnant women in western Sydney 1997-2016.

Maternal obesity is a key risk factor for morbidity in pregnancy. Accurate data on trends in obesity are required in high-risk populations such as in western Sydney to implement effective policy. This study examines multi-site public hospital data on maternal ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension across 20years in Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD). This is a retrospective cohort study of all women who delivered a live birth beyond 20weeks at Westmead, Blacktown and Auburn Hospitals (WSLHD) between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2016. There were 112308 pregnant women included. Between 1997 and 2006, mean booking-in BMI climbed from 24.9 (median 23.9) to peak at 26.2 (24.9). It then fell to 25.3 (24.1) in 2012 before rising to 25.6 (24.4) in 2016. Rates of hypertensive disorders changed little over the period, with a small fall in pre-eclampsia. In contrast, there was a progressive upward trend in the prevalence of GDM, accelerating considerably after 2010. These trends were associated with a shifting ethnic profile with proportions of Australia/New Zealand-born women falling from 56.9% to 36.8%, while those from South Asia increased from 4.5% to 26.3%. Western Sydney booking-in BMI fluctuated between 1997 and 2016, reaching its peak in 2006. Despite this, rates of GDM progressively rose, with one in six mothers in western Sydney now diagnosed with some form of the condition. Both patterns are associated with a notable shift in the ethnic profile of patients booking-in to antenatal care in the region.

Effect of residential wood-burning air pollution on pre-eclampsia in Temuco, Chile

TPS 722: Low and middle income countries: indoor air pollutants, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 28, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the leading of maternal mortality, contributing to perinatal death, placental abruption, preterm birth and intra-uterine growth restriction, with pre-eclampsia being the most common hypertensive. Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia are well-documented, and include advanced maternal age, family history and among others, but identification of populationally preventable risk factors have been more challenging. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of PM2.5 attributed to residential wood-burning on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and pre-eclampsia, in a retrospective cohort of pregnant women in Temuco, Chile. To assess the association between residential wood-burning exposures and pregnancy disorders, we designed a retrospective cohort study. The cohort was conformed from a database of pregnant women attending the Obstetric Department database of the Dr Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital between 2009 and 2015. To estimate individual exposures to PM2.5, LUR models were implemented. Women residence and time of pregnancy were used as input to the models to predict individual exposures to PM2.5 and wood-tracers. Estimates were obtained by trimester of pregnancy and for the whole period. The effects of air pollution were studied using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Sensitivity analysis were carried out. In total, 23,175 births were registered in the Dr Hernán Henriquez Hospital during the study period. The prevalence of gestational diabetes was 5.9%, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 9.9 and pre-eclampsia 3.4%. The median exposure levels of PM2.5 in the city was 65.1 ug/m3 (IQR:58.2) over the study period. Multivariates models are being built and it will be ready by end of April. Our study shows a city heavily impacted for air pollution due to residential wood-burning. This is the first study about hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Chile. Also, the first in evaluating the impact of air pollution on reproductive outcomes.

Prevalence of gestational diabetes among the women attending the OPD of a selected tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh

Diabetes is a serious and growing global epidemic affecting people more in developing countries than developed countries, and is particularly devastating when triggered during pregnancy. Women with GDM are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus after pregnancy, while their offspring are prone to develop childhood obesity with type 2 diabetes in later life. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Bangladeshi women. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes among the pregnant women attending the OPD of BIRDEM Hospital. The study was conducted from January 2013 to April 2013. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 version. The finding of this study shows that, 42.3% of the respondents were in the age group 30-34 years and the mean age of the respondents was 24.4 (±4.94) years. The majority of the respondents (68.2%) were Muslim and it was also seen that 46.9% of the respondents had HSC level of education. More than half (65.9%) of the respondents were housewives and about 82.9% were from nuclear family. About 47.3% of the respondents had positive family history of hypertension and 34.4% had diabetes. More than half (57.7%) of the respondents did not maintain diabetic diet and 23.6% of the respondents had attended GDM program. The prevalence of gestational diabetes is 35.1%. There is need of appropriate intervention to control GDM and also risk indicator modifications in order to avoid complication regarding to mother and child.&#x0D; Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2019, 4 (2), 116-121

Change in prevalence of gestational diabetes and obstetric complications when applying IADPSG screening criteria in a Belgian French speaking University Hospital. A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundIn April 2012 our institution chose to switch from a two- step criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) screening, to the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADSPG) criteria. This shift led to an increased prevalence of GDM in our pregnant population. We designed a study in order to estimate the magnitude of the increase in GDM prevalence before and after the switch in screening strategy. As a secondary objective we wanted to evaluate if there was a significant difference between the two periods in the percentage of maternal and neonatal complications such as gestational hypertensive disorders (GHD), primary cesarean section (pCS), preterm birth, large for gestational age (LGA) newborns, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, 5′ Apgar score less than to 7 at birth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) transfer and neonatal hypoglycemia.MethodsWe selected retrospectively 3496 patients who delivered between January 2009 and December 2011 who were screened with the two-step criteria (group A), and compared them to 2555 patients who delivered between January 2013 and December 2014 and who were screened with IADPSG criteria (Group B). We checked patients’ electronic files to establish GDM status, baseline characteristics (age, body mass index, nationality, parity) and the presence of maternal and neonatal complications.ResultsGDM prevalence increased significantly from group A (3.4%; 95%CI 2.8–4.06%) to group B (16.28%; 95%CI 14.8 -17.7%). In group B there were significantly more non-Belgian and primiparous patients. There was no statistically significant difference in maternal and neonatal complications between the two groups, even after adjustment for nationality and parity.There was a non-significant reduction of the proportion of macrosomic and of LGA babies.ConclusionsIn our population the introduction of IADPSG screening criteria has increased the prevalence of GDM without having a statistically significant impact on pregnancy outcomes.