Prevalence Of Fasciola Hepatica Research Articles

Climatic and environmental risk factors and their role in the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Mexico

Climatic and environmental risk factors and their role in the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Mexico

Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron spp. in extensively reared cattle in the Florida district (Amazonas), Peru

El presente estudio determina la prevalencia de los huevos de Fasciola hepatica, Calicophoron spp. y la infección mixta en vacunos de crianza al pastoreo de seis poblados ganaderos del distrito de Florida, Amazonas (Perú). Mediante la técnica de sedimentación natural se examinaron 358 muestras fecales. La prevalencia de F. hepatica fue 69.83 % (IC 95% 65.08 – 74.59), seguido de Calicophoron spp. 60.34 % (IC 95% 55.27 – 65.40) y una prevalencia de infección mixta 41.62 % (IC95% 36.51 – 46.73). La presencia de huevos de F. hepatica no tuvo diferencias entre los poblados, las razas y el grupo etario (P>0.05). La presencia de Calicophoron spp. y la infección mixta con F. hepatica presentaron diferencias entre poblados y la raza (P<0.05), a diferencia del grupo etario que fueron similares estadísticamente (P>0.05). Se halló una alta prevalencia de huevos fecales de F. hepatica y Calicophoron spp., situación que podría estar dado por las condiciones ambientales que permiten el óptimo desarrollo del hospedador intermediario y del sistema de crianza al pastoreo de los vacunos.

Helminth Control as a Part of Animal Welfare Measure Protocol in Grazing Cattle in Slovenia

The national regulation on animal welfare measure under the Rural Development Programme 2014–2022 identified grazing and helminth control as important measures to improve the welfare of cattle in Slovenia. The aim of the study was to evaluate these measures in terms of improving animal welfare and helminth control. Compositional fecal samples for coprological analysis were collected in the region of central Slovenia. Samples were qualitatively analysed for the presence of endoparasites using the flotation and sedimentation methods. During a seven-year period, 4480 compositional fecal samples were collected from cattle herds in the central Slovenia. In all seven years, the most prevalent helminths at the cattle herd level were Strongylida (ranging from 45.49% to 74.22%) and Paramphistomum sp. (ranging from 21.12% to 28.46%). After the treatments against helminths in grazing cattle, the prevalence of positive herds decreased from 83.63% to 63.64%. The calculated cross-correlation values showed significant positive association of the percentage of helminth-positive cattle herds with the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica (0.975), Nematodirus sp. (0.859), Strongylida (0.986), Strongyloides sp. (0.879) and Trichuris sp. (0.835). Hence, the efficient helminth control and improved animal welfare, as well as financial support of 53.40 EUR per livestock unit, contributed to a positive outcome of the programme.

Economic losses and prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in cattle slaughtered in two Cuban provinces

Economic losses and prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in cattle slaughtered in two Cuban provinces

An Epidemiological and Therapeutic Study of Fasciola hepatica Parasite in Goats of Anbar Province-Iraq

This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in goats in Anbar province-Iraq, via routine examination of the livers taken from goats slaughtered in central slaughterhouses in the province to ensure that they were infected with hepatic helminths. The results indicated that a total infection rate of 43.5%. Ramadi area had the highest infection rate, moreover, the highest infection rate was 69.9% for ages 6-8 years. Significant differences were found in the average numbers of helminths in the bile sac and liver of both males and females of infected goats. On the other hand, It has been proven that the concentrations of (0.5-10) mg/ml of the alcoholic extract of the plant Aizoon hispanicum had a significant effect on the vitality of the helminths in vitro, as the concentration 10 mg/ml leads to the complete inhibitory for the vitality of helminths where after 36 hours it led to a 100% killing rate. The current study concluded that the goats in the study areas are infected with the F. hepatica parasite at a high rate, and this calls for finding safe treatment methods using medicinal herbs and plants because they contain many active compounds that affect the helminths and lead to their death, and they are safe strategic alternatives to harmful chemical drugs. This necessitates the establishment of an integrated control approach through treatment with effective plant extracts to eliminate these parasites and their health and economic damage.

Assessment of anthelmintic effectiveness to control Fasciola hepatica and paramphistome mixed infection in cattle in the humid tropics of Mexico.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the main anthelmintics used for the control of trematodes in cattle in an endemic area in the humid Mexican tropics. A diagnostic study was carried out in nine cattle farms to determine the prevalence of flukes through faecal examination. Only three farms with more than 20 cows positive to trematodes were chosen to determine the effectiveness of commercial anthelmintics (triclabendazole, TCBZ; ivermectin + closantel, (IVM + CLOS); IVM + clorsulon, (CLORS); nitroxynil, NITROX). The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica was 27.1% and 29.6% of paramphistomes. The faecal egg count of trematodes ranged from 0.0 to 12.2 eggs per gram of faeces. The highest effectiveness against F. hepatica was 96.7%, and 92.7% against paramphistomes. NITROX was the most effective in the control of trematodes, while other products, such as IVM + CLORS and TCBZ obtained values lower than 90%, which puts sustainable trematode control at risk. The presence of trematodes was observed on most farms, although the prevalence per herd was highly variable, which indicates that the trematodes F. hepatica and paramphistomes are endemic to the region and a suitable management programme is suggested to control infections caused by these parasites.

Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Goats and Sheep by Using ELISA in Sera and Milk in Duhok, Iraq

An indirect ELISA technique was used to determine the prevalence of infection in sera and milk samples among goats and sheepin Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Results of the present study shows that the prevalence of infection was higher in sera compared to milk samples among goats and sheep as follow: (6.3, 4.2%) and (8.9, 5.6%) respectively and there was no statistical significance difference in goats at P value =0.42, also there was no statistically differences at P value= 0.22. ELISA results also shows that the prevalence according to the age among goats and sheep were higher in animal aged > 2 years in both sera and milk samples were (7.5, 5.3%) and (11.3, 7%) respectively and there was no significant difference between age groups of goats and sheep by ELISA. The present study is the first study done to determine the prevalence of F. hepatica in both sera and milk samples among local goats and sheep. Continuously screening of sheep and goats for Fascioliasis and using of anthelmintic to control the infection in small ruminants is necessary

First report on the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in the endangered P\xe8re David\u2019s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in China

BackgroundFasciola hepatica is an important zoonotic parasite that causes fasciolosis in a broad range of animals. No information is available about the prevalence of F. hepatica in Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus), an endangered species in the world. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of fasciolosis in Père David’s deer in the Dafeng Elk National Natural Reserve, Jiangsu province, China.ResultsIn this study, 142 fecal samples from Père David’s deer were analyzed for F. hepatica by microscopy and nest-PCR. Only one sample was positive for F. hepatica according to microscopy examination, while 18 of 142 (12.68, 95%CI: 2.841–22.45%) samples were positive for F. hepatica according to nest-PCR results.ConclusionsThis is the first report of prevalence of F. hepatica in Père David’s deer. The prevalence data indicated that F. hepatica was also present in this endangered animal, which may cause a potential threat to this precious species.

Prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica en ganado bovino de Lidia

Fasciolosis remains a relatively frequent parasitic infection in cattle, despite the great implantation and efficacy of fasciolicides. In the present work, the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica has been observed for five years, analyzing 251 bullfighting cattle, evaluating the presence of macroscopic lesions in the liver. Moreover, the relationship with the temperature and average rainfall of the year, and also it describes the pathophysiological consequences during bullfighting. Methodology: it was carried out in Madrid (July-September 2013-2017). Results: n=251 animals in five years, 50.20±2.68 evaluated per year, which 14 had lesions, on average 2.80±1.64 per year. Likewise, a total of 4 compatible animals with lesions were reported during the five years, with an average of 0.80±0.84 animals per year. The average annual temperature was 15.78±0.48° C. The average annual rainfall was 570.20±102.21mm. A statistical correlation was observed between the carcasses with lesions and the average annual rainfall (P<0.01) and the annual mean temperature (P<0.05). The experiment revealed lower prevalence (5.61±2.82) than the one described by different authors, having also compatible climatological conditions with the growth of the parasite and all its intermediate hosts. The study reveals that a good praxis using antiparasitic drugs is not entirely efficient.

Prevalencia de &lt;i&gt;Fasciola Hepatica&lt;/i&gt; y pérdidas económicas asociadas al decomiso de hígados en tres mataderos de clase a de Costa Rica

Para estimar la prevalencia anual y mensual de Fasciola hepatica y las pérdidas económicas anuales asociadas al decomiso de hígados por presencia del parásito, se analizaron los registros del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de Costa Rica, Dirección de Inocuidad de Productos de Origen Animal (DIPOA), para el 2014, provenientes de 3 mataderos clase A localizados en el área metropolitana de Costa Rica; en estos mataderos se sacrificaron 249 108 reses, de las cuales 4547 hígados fueron decomisados por presencia de F. hepatica en el órgano. Las mayores prevalencias, entre 2,33 y 2,55%, se presentaron en enero, febrero y marzo, y las menores, entre 1,32 y 1,56%, durante agosto, setiembre y octubre. La prevalencia anual según estos registros fue 1,83% (IC 95%: 1,77-1,88). Las pérdidas económicas asociadas al decomiso de hígados fueron de 36.379.000 CRC, equivalentes a 67.438 USD. Se resalta el perjuicio económico de este parásito a nivel nacional y la utilidad del decomiso y registro de vísceras afectadas en los establecimientos de sacrificio de bovinos, como herramienta diagnóstica para la vigilancia epidemiológica, disponible para conocer sobre el estado de esta parasitosis. Como alternativas de control y prevención de la enfermedad, se plantea considerar las condiciones específicas de las regiones afectadas y así controlar esta parasitosis con un manejo integral, que involucre la fuente de alimento, desparasitación regular del ganado, con registro y monitoreo farmacológico de las drogas utilizadas, y saneamiento ambiental en fincas afectadas.

Tegument Glycoproteins and Cathepsins of Newly Excysted Juvenile Fasciola hepatica Carry Mannosidic and Paucimannosidic N-glycans.

Recently, the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in some areas has increased considerably and the availability of a vaccine to protect livestock from infection would represent a major advance in tools available for controlling this disease. To date, most vaccine-target discovery research on this parasite has concentrated on proteomic and transcriptomic approaches whereas little work has been carried out on glycosylation. As the F. hepatica tegument (Teg) may contain glycans potentially relevant to vaccine development and the Newly Excysted Juvenile (NEJ) is the first lifecycle stage in contact with the definitive host, our work has focused on assessing the glycosylation of the NEJTeg and identifying the NEJTeg glycoprotein repertoire. After in vitro excystation, NEJ were fixed and NEJTeg was extracted. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of released N-glycans revealed that oligomannose and core-fucosylated truncated N-glycans were the most dominant glycan types. By lectin binding studies these glycans were identified mainly on the NEJ surface, together with the oral and ventral suckers. NEJTeg glycoproteins were affinity purified after targeted biotinylation of the glycans and identified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). From the total set of proteins previously identified in NEJTeg, eighteen were also detected in the glycosylated fraction, including the F. hepatica Cathepsin B3 (FhCB3) and two of the Cathepsin L3 (FhCL3) proteins, among others. To confirm glycosylation of cathepsins, analysis at the glycopeptide level by LC-ESI-ion-trap-MS/MS with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) was carried out. We established that cathepsin B1 (FhCB1) on position N80, and FhCL3 (BN1106_s10139B000014, scaffold10139) on position N153, carry unusual paucimannosidic Man2GlcNAc2 glycans. To our knowledge, this is the first description of F. hepatica NEJ glycosylation and the first report of N-glycosylation of F. hepatica cathepsins. The significance of these findings for immunological studies and vaccine development is discussed.

Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Domesticated Cattle of District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Nili-Ravi breed of buffalo is one of the best buffalo breed of the world. The present study was conducted in the breeding tract of Nili-Ravi breed of buffalo for understanding the problems faced by the buffalo keepers. It was found during the study that the main breeding constraint among majority (93.75%) of respondents was their preference towards natural service as compared to artificial insemination. Other important breeding constraint experienced by 77.5 per cent of the respondents was the non-availability of good Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls. So the farmers had to breed their Nili-Ravi buffaloes with the available bulls of other breeds such as Murrah. Majority (73.75%) of farmers were not having any knowledge about the breeds of buffaloes. Lack of knowledge about balanced feeding and high cost of concentrates were two main constraints about the feeding management faced by 83.75 and 76.25 per cent of respondents, respectively. Nearly 53 per cent respondents reported the problem of lack of finance for the construction of animal houses. In 45 per cent of the cases, farmer’s ignorance towards animal housing was a major problem as far as housing practice was concerned.

Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in domesticated cattle of Distt: Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in domesticated cattle of Distt: Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Prevalence and economic significance of bovine fasciolosis in Nekemte Municipal abattoir

A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2011 to March, 2012 at Nekemte municipal abattoir to assess prevalence and economic significance of bovine fasciolosis. Out of 384 cattle examined at post mortem, 21.9% (84) were positive for fasciolosis. The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis was found to be significantly affected (P 0.05) affecting the prevalence of disease. The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica was 14.1% (54), which was predominant among Fasciola species, causing bovine fasciolosis in the study areas. Whereas, the prevalence of Fasciola gigantica was 5.2% (20), and 2.6% (10) animals were mixed infected. The economic significance of bovine fasciolosis was also assessed based on condemned livers. Thus, based on retail value of bovine liver, the direct economic loss from fasciolosis during the study time was estimated to be 63072 ETB annually. Key words: Cattle, economic significance, Fasciola gigantica, Fasciola hepatica, prevalence, post mortem examination.

Relationship between exposure to Fasciola hepatica in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and cattle extensively reared in an endemic area

The aim of this work is to know the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in 301 roe deer and in 676 beef cattle kept in an endemic area. Detection of antibodies was determined in roe deer using a homemade ELISA with excretory/secretory antigens (FhES) and a recombinant protein (FhrAPS). None of the deer passed eggs by faeces and none flukes in their livers were found. The seroprevalence of F. hepatica was 29% using FhES, with significantly higher values in the oldest ones (36%). Twenty-eight percent of the samples were positive to FhrAPS. Twenty-three percent of the cows eliminated eggs of F. hepatica and the seroprevalence was 67% using FhrAPS. No relationship between the seropositivity values of deer and cattle was demonstrated. The role of wild ruminants as reservoirs of F. hepatica is discussed. We encourage the use of ELISA to know the possibility of exposure to trematodes in wild ruminants.

New features of fascioliasis in human and animal infections in Ilam province, Western Iran.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human and animal fascioliasis in Ilam Province, Iran. Fascioliasis, caused by Fasciola hepatica, is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Snails are an intermediate host. Human infection with the parasite can led to hypertrophy and hyperplasia in bile duct. It also economic importance and further information is essential about the epidemiology of the parasite in Ilam province. The study on animals was descriptive and retrospective. All records from abattoirs were analyzed. It was conducted on 27242 indigenous animals including 17055 sheep, 5703 goats, and 4484 cattle. For the study of human Fascioliasis infection 600 human sera, from person among 5-80 year old, were collected and ELISA test was used for identification of IgG antibody to Fasciola hepatica by commercial kit. The overall prevalence of Fasciola hepatica among 27242 slaughtered animals was 0.98%. Out of 267 domestic animals, 98 sheep, 28 goats and 141 cattle were infected with the parasite. The highest and lowest infection rate of 3.14% and 0.1% were cattle and goat, respectively. The prevalence of IgG antibody was0.66% (n = 4) against Fasciola hepatica in humans. Three infected people were living in rural areas. The highest infection rate (3 people) was found in women. Ilam province is among the areas where the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica is low. This is probably due to the drought in the region in recent years that makes conditions difficult for the survival of snails, the intermediate hosts. But there is a risk of the disease increasing in incidence, in this region.

Prevalence of Liver Termatods and Hydatid Cyst in Livestock, Jiroft, Iran, 2001

Background: Hydatosis is one of the most and common parasitic disease and fasciola hepatica and gigantica has been considered as the most common of infection in herbivorous hepatobiliary system. The parasites not only cause to damage in animal husbandry industry but also can cause one of the parasitic diseases, which are common between human and livestock. This research was a cross-sectional study that was performed in all slaughtered livestock in order to determine the rate of infection to hydatid cyst and hepatic termatods in Jiroft , Iran, 2001. Methods: The liver of 358 goats, 316 calves, and 269 sheep were carefully examined to observe fasciola and the other organ for hydatid cyst. For analyzing the data, chi square test was performed using SPSS software. Results: The findings showed that prevalence of infection to the hydatid cyst was 8.5% in calves, 5.1 % in sheep and 7.8% in goats. The prevalence of fasciola hepatica was 0.9% in calves, 3.7% in sheep and 3 % in goats. Also, the prevalence of fasciola gigantic was 0.9% in calves, 1.6% in sheep and 2.8% in goats. The economical damages due to infected slaughtered livestock were 10,870,000 Rls. Conclusion: Because of the high prevalence of these parasites in slaughtered livestock in Jiroft, it is important to control them for prevention of economically and hygienically damages.

Temporal studies on Fasciola hepatica in Galba truncatula in the west of Ireland

The population dynamics and prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Galba truncatula were investigated on the Teagasc hill sheep farm in Country Mayo, Ireland from August 2006 until March 2008. Galba truncatula (n=974) were collected at fortnightly intervals in 4 snail habitats on the farm, their relative density and mean monthly rainfall and temperature were recorded. Snail abundance was associated with rainfall and temperature. G. truncatula abundance was generally low during winter 2006/2007 (December 2006–February 2007), mid spring and summer 2007 (April–July) and late autumn and winter 2007/2008 (October 2007–February 2008). Overall, two peaks in G. truncatula abundance were evident during the study period, an early spring (March) and late summer/autumn (late August–October) peak. Seasonal differences were observed in the prevalence of F. hepatica in G. truncatula, the greatest prevalence was evident in 2007 during the summer (25%) and autumn (16%). Two seasonal transmission peaks, as evident by the presence of mature infections in snails, one in summer/autumn and the other in late winter/early spring. Not unsurprising, cercariae (28%) and rediae (29%) were the predominant developmental stages observed in mature and pre-adult snails respectively. Worthy of note in this study, cercariae were also evident in pre-adult snails. The present study highlights the influence of milder temperatures and wetter conditions on both snail and fluke development. If the trend in mild and wet weather conditions continues, there is the potential for an increase in the number of G. truncatula habitats and ultimately the prevalence of fasciolosis in grazing livestock in Ireland.

Estudo da prevalência e fatores associados à fasciolose no Município de Canutama, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Summary This study of fecal parasites, conducted in Canutama, State of Amazon, Brazil, aimed at identifying the prevalence of fascioliasis and related exposure factors to this illness in the Municipality. The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica was 2.0% (CI 95% ; 1.0-3.6), and the general prevalence of enteroparasites found was 66.8% (CI 95% ; 62.7-70.7). The only statistically significant association with the illness was being a child ≤5 years old (p-value=0.008; OR=6.63). Other variables related to demographics, sanitary conditions and food consumption were not significantly associated to illness. This survey was conducted as part of fascioliasis outbreak inquiry and constitutes one of the first reports of this parasitose in the Brazilian Northern Region.

Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in dairy herds in England and Wales measured with an ELISA applied to bulk-tank milk

An ELISA developed to diagnose Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle by detecting serum antibodies was adapted and validated for use with samples of bulk-tank milk. The prevalence of the infection...