Prevalence Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice Research Articles

Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers with Children Aged 6 - 12 Months in Hargeisa City, Somaliland

Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both mother and infant. Breast milk contains all the nutrients an infant need in the first 6 months of life. Exclusive breastfeeding is the most widely known and effective intervention for preventing early-childhood deaths. Optimum breastfeeding practices can prevent 1.4 million deaths worldwide among children under five every year. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers who have an infant six months up to one year old in Hargeisa, Somaliland. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December, 2019. A cluster along with simple random sampling technique was used to select sample population. A total of 357 mothers with children aged six months to one year old were included in this study. Data were collected using questionnaires administered at interview. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 68%. Those mothers who were heard information on EBF [AOR=14.243 CI (4.630, 43.816)], attend ANC service [AOR=25.412 (3.506, 184.179)], received breastfeeding counseling during antenatal care (ANC) [AOR=6.037 (2.878, 12.666)], aware that breastfeeding is enough the child up to six months [AOR=3.411 (1.536, 7.577)], and had fed colostrum [AOR=4.663 CI (2.107, 10.321)] were more likely to practice EBF than their counterparts. The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in the city was below WHO Infant and Young Child Feeding recommendations. The practice of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers of under 6 months children was influenced by receiving information about EBF, colostrum discharging, awareness of breast feeding is enough the child up to six month and antenatal care visit were significantly associated with EBF practice (P < 0.05).

Factors Influencing Exclusive Breast Feeding Practice among the Mothers of Infants in Pokhara

Exclusive breastfeeding means infant receives only breast milk and nothing else except for oral rehydration solution (ORS), medicines, vitamins and minerals for first six months of age. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in our society is low and various underlying factors are responsible. The main aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among the mothers of infant in Pokhara. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 101 breastfeeding mothers having infant up to six months in the immunization clinics held in ward no. 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of Pokhara-Lekhnath metropolitan. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. Researcher developed questionnaire were administered to the mothers and data collected. The data were analyzed with Chi square test using SPSS 20 software. The findings revealed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice among the mothers of infant below six months old was 49.5 percent. The factors such as mode of delivery (p&lt;0.001), pre lacteal feeding (p&lt;0.001), time of initiation of breastfeeding (p&lt;0.001) and breast problems experience (p= 0.004) were found associated with the exclusive breastfeeding. It concludes that factors such as mode of delivery, pre lacteal feeding, time of initiation of breastfeeding and breast problems experience were found associated with EBF practice. Low birth weight of infants and higher education status of mothers did not influence on EBF. There is a need to provide information on prevention of breast related problems among the breastfeeding mothers for the promotion of EBF practice.&#x0D; Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, Infant, Mothers

Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first six months of life and its determinants in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 6 months of life is the best and most complete option for an infant, in that supplies the vitamins and minerals the baby needs. Several studies in Iran have been conducted concerning the prevalence of EBF. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of EBF in the first 6 months of life and associated factors in Iran synthesizing published studies.MethodsWe searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, ISI/Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Directory of Open Access Journals Directory (DOAJ) and Google Scholar as well as Iranian databases (Barakathns, MagIran and the Scientific Information Database or SID) up to November 2018. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Analyses were performed by pooling together studies using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model with 95% confidence interval. To test for heterogeneity, I2 test was used. The Egger’s regression test and funnel plot were used to evaluate the publication bias. The strength of EBF determinants was assessed computing the Odds-ratios (OR) using the Mantel–Haenszel method.ResultsIn the initial search 725 records were found. Finally, 32 studies were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The sample size of studies varied between 50 and 63,071 subjects. The overall prevalence of EBF in Iran was 53% (CI 95%; 44–62). The OR for breastfeeding education received before pregnancy was 1.13 (0.94–1.36), for mother’s job 1.01 (0.81–1.27), for education level 1.12 (0.89–1.42), for type of delivery 1.16 (0.98–1.37), and for gender of child 1.03 (0.83–1.28).ConclusionIn Iran health policy- and decision-makers should try to take interventions that encourage mothers to use their milk to breastfeed the infants.

Infant Feeding Practices of HIV Positive Mothers and Its Association with Counseling and HIV Disclosure Status in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction Breastfeeding is the ideal food source for all newborns globally. However, in the era of Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection, feeding practice is a challenge due to mother-to-child HIV transmission. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the national prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding practices among HIV positive mothers and its association with counseling and HIV disclosure status to the spouse in Ethiopia. Methods We searched all available articles from the electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science. Moreover, reference lists of the included studies and the Ethiopian institutional research repositories were used. Searching of articles was limited to the studies conducted in Ethiopia and published in English language. We have included observational studies including cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies. The weighted inverse variance random effects model was used. The overall variations between studies were checked through heterogeneity test (I2). Subgroup analysis by region was conducted. To assess the quality of the study, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal criteria were employed. Publication bias was checked with the funnel plot and Egger's regression test. Result A total of 18 studies with 4,844 participants were included in this study. The national pooled prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding practices among HIV positive mothers were 63.43% (95% CI: 48.19, 78.68) and 23.11% (95% CI: 10.10, 36.13), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was observed in Tigray (90.12%) and the lowest in Addis Ababa (41.92%). Counseling on feeding option with an odds ratio of 4.32 (95% CI: 2.75, 6.77) and HIV disclosure status to the spouse with an odds ratio of 6.05 (95% CI: 3.03, 12.06) were significantly associated with exclusive breast feedings practices. Conclusion Most mothers report exclusive breastfeeding, but there are still almost a quarter of mothers who mix feed. Counseling on feeding options and HIV disclosure status to the spouse should be improved.

A study on breast feeding practices among mothers in urban field practice area of tertiary care center, Hyderabad

Background: Breastfeeding is the best preventive intervention and has potential impact on child mortality. Breast-milk is safest, least allergic and has nutritional, immunological, behavioural and economic benefits. It also provides desirable mother baby bonding. Early human milk promotes gut maturation and immune activation in infants. Despite of the demonstrated benefit of breastfeeding, the duration and prevalence are still low in first six months of life. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices among study population; to assess awareness regarding colostrum; to assess the socio demographic profile among mothers of 0-2 years children.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of tertiary health care center, Hyderabad. 100 mothers having children between 0-2 years age group were included by using simple random technique. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Mean age group (yrs) of the mothers was 25.6±3.81, literate mothers are 81%, illiterates are 19% and employed mothers were 68%. Awareness regarding exclusive breastfeeding was more among literates than illiterates (p&lt;0.05). Literacy status had no association regarding knowledge on colostrum among study subject. Pre lacteal feeds were practiced among 32% of mothers before initiation of breast feeding. The practice of prelacteal feeds were more in primi than multi para mothers (p&lt;0.05). Practice of burping after the breastfeeding were followed by 71%. Mothers practicing correct positioning during breastfeeding were 63%.Conclusions: Among study subject 75% of them were given colostrum. Exclusive breastfeeding upto 0-6 months was practiced by 64% of mothers.

Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and Associated Factors among Mothers in Boditi Town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Exclusive breastfeeding tops the table of life-saving interventions for newborns. A child who is exclusively breastfed is 14 times less likely to die in the first six months compared to its counterpart. Approximately 18,000 children globally still die every day and if current trend continues, some 60 million children under age 5 will die between 2017 and 2030, and half of them will be newborns. Five countries, including Ethiopia, accounted for half of all newborn deaths in the world. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors of exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers who have infants 6-12 months of age in Boditi Town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 randomly selected mothers having 6 to 12 month infants from April 1 to 14, 2018. A pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was made. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. Results Of 412 mother-infant pairs sampled, 403 were participated, which made a response rate of 97.8%. Prevalence of EBF computed using since birth dietary recall method was 64.8% (95% C.I= 60.0, 69.0). From multivariable analysis, child birth attended by health care provider (AOR = 5.303, 95% C.I = 1.613, 17.436), postnatal care utilization (AOR = 1.91, C.I = 1.083, 3.370), and mothers who did not report any breast related problem for the first six months after child birth (AOR = 1.864, C.I = 1.090, 3.189) were factors positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Conclusion Although the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice in this study was relatively high, more effort to meet World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations is still necessary to benefit from its intervention. There is a need to promote child births to be attended by health care providers and postnatal care utilization. Further, women should be educated on what to do and where to seek care if breast problem occurs after child birth.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRAKTIK MENYUSUI PADA IBU POST SECTIO CAESAREA DI RSI A. YANI SURABAYA

factors that affect the practice of nursing in the mother post section caesarea. Various programs to support the delivery of ASI has intensified coverage of ASI but still does not meet the expected target. Previous studies showed that breastfeeding initiation was late in babies born with sectio caesarea compared to those with vaginal delivery and prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was low in the former group. The objective of this study was to define factors correlated breast feeding practice initiation on post sectio caesarea mother. 72 post sectio caesarea mothers were observed and interviewed on January 2012 to find the factors correlated with breastfeeding practice. The results showed that although 26.4% of them had previous experience in breastfeeding, only 6.9% and 29.2% of total breastfeeding is started on the first and second post sectio caesarea respectively. Support for breastfeeding practice from health workers was low, and there were significant correlation between the support and rooming conditions with breastfeeding practices (p = 0.001).

Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Factors Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding of Children in Trongsa District, Bhutan.

The World Health Organization estimated that about 800 000 infant deaths could be prevented annually by exclusively breastfeeding infants for the first 6 months of life. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors. A total of 192 mothers participated. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice in Trongsa district was 97% at 1 month, declining to 58% at 6 months. Mothers who returned to formal work were less likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who were farmers or housewives. The main reasons stated by the mothers for not exclusively breastfeeding were lack of the mother's self-confidence that the child is getting enough breastmilk and mothers having to return to work, 59% and 22%, respectively. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Trongsa district of Bhutan is high, and every effort should be made to maintain and improve this rate.

A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding practices among women working in software companies in Whitefield, Bengaluru

Background: Breastfeeding is the best and complete food for the growth and development of the infants. According to the World Health Organization, “early initiation of breastfeeding should be started within 1 h of birth, exclusive breastfeeding should be practiced till 6 months of age, and complementary feeding should be started at 6 months, along with breastfeeding till 2 years of age to achieve optimum growth and development.” Working environment and breastfeeding policies also play a key role in practicing breastfeeding. The following study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding practices among women working in software companies in Whitefield, Bengaluru. Objectives: The objectives of this study are (1) to assess the infant feeding practices among mothers working in software companies and (2) to assess factors affecting breastfeeding in mothers working in software companies. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried was carried over 1 year and 6 months among 370 working mothers working in software companies who had a child within the age group of 6 months–3 years study to assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices. Data were entered and analysed using Epi-info version 7.2.1 (CDC Atlanta) software. The demographic variables such as age group, age of the child, and education are presented as percentage and proportion, and continuous variable is represented using mean and standard deviation. Result: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of ages of infant was 90.27%. In this study, the prevalence of pre-lacteal feed given by working mothers was 3.24%, and the substances given were honey, sugar syrup, cow’s milk, and formula feed. Conclusion: The study highlights the breastfeeding practices among working women, and the rate of initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h of delivery was practiced by 8.91% of mothers. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 90.27%. About 3.24% of the mothers reported giving pre-lacteal feeds to their child, and the substances given were honey, sugar syrup, cow milk, and formula feed. As more females are taking up jobs and working nowadays, more commonly in software industry, they should be educated about the harmful effects of pre-lacteal feeds and discouraged from feeding their infants with pre-lacteal feeds.

Infant and young child feeding practice among mothers with 0\u201324\xa0months old children in Slum areas of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

BackgroundAdequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is essential to ensure the health, growth and development of children. However, infant feeding practice is suboptimal in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. The slum area is a heavily populated urban informal settlement characterized by substandard housing, squalor, with a lack of reliable sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable electricity, law enforcement and other basic services. Residents of the slum area were poor and less educated. This further compromises infant feeding practice. The aim of this study was to assess infant and young child feeding practice among mothers with 0–24 month old children in the study area.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 mothers with 0–24 month old children from June 01-30 / 2016. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Infant and young child feeding practice was assessed using the fifteen World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 113 (84%). Sixty (15%) mothers gave prelacteal feeds and, 96 (23%) mothers used a bottle to feed their index child. Appropriate complementary feeding practice was only 20 (7%). Thirty nine out of forty mothers introduced complementary food timely, 131 (47%) of mothers gave the minimum meal frequency, and 20 (7%) children took the minimum food diversity and acceptable diet. Independent predictors for complementary feeding practice were having secondary and above education of the mother, receiving postnatal care, possession of radio and giving birth at hospital.ConclusionIn this study infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practice was poor. Therefore, there is a need for strengthening the promotion on IYCF practice during postnatal care and using mass media to giving emphasis for optimal complementary feeding practices, especially for mothers with a lower educational status.

Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices and Its Associated Factors in Maharashtra: A Spatial and Multivariate Analysis

Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices and Its Associated Factors in Maharashtra: A Spatial and Multivariate Analysis

STATUS VITAMIN A BERDASARKAN DURASI PEMBERIAN ASI Vitamin A Status Based on Breastfeeding Duration

Background. Breastmilk is the best source of vitamin A for children in their early life. However in Indonesia breast feeding practices is still unsatisfactory. This problem can lead to vitamin A deficiency which leads to delayed growth in children. Objective. To study status of vitamin A based on breastfeeding duration. Method. This was an analytic observational study using cross sectional design. Subject of were 89 (12-36 months) children. History of breastfeeding duration was obtained from the result of structured interview with mothers. Vitamin A status measured by HLPC (high performance liquid chromatography) in the SEAMEO-RECFON UI laboratory. Data were analyzed with t- test. Result. The study found 2 underweight subject and 15 severe stunted children. Average duration of breastfeeding was 16 months. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices was extremely low (2%). Average vitamin A status was 1.59±044 μmol/L There was significant difference in vitamin A status based on the duration of breastfeeding (p=0.02). Children that got breastfeed more than 6 months had lower vitamin A than those who got breastfeed less than 6 months. Conclusion. There was difference of vitamin A status based on breastfeeding duration.

Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and Its Associated Factors among Mothers of Infants Less Than Six Months of Age in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life is recommended by the World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is very low in many developing countries including Ethiopia.Objectives. The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among infants aged six months in Debre Tabor town.Methods. Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was employed in the selection of participants. Data were collected using pretested and structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview. Odds ratios with their 95% CI were computed and variables havingpvalue less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were considered as significantly associated with the dependent variable.Result. Of 470 mother-infant pair’s samples, 453 were included in the final analysis. The overall age appropriate rate of EBF practice was found to be 70.8%. Having an infant aged 2-3 months [AOR = 2.3 (95% CI: 1.12, 6.42)], giving birth in the health facility [AOR = 3.8 (95% CI: 2.18, 7.32)], being a house wife in occupation [AOR = 2.4 (95% CI (1.22, 6.92)], receiving counseling/advice on infant feeding [AOR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.61, 5.41)], and colostrums feeding [AOR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.28, 7.98)] were found to be significantly associated with EBF practice.Conclusion and Recommendations. A small proportion of infants are exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months. Promoting institutional delivery, revising the leave after birth, advice and counseling pregnant mothers about EBF, and enabling every mother to encourage colostrum feeding were recommended in order to increase the proportion of women practicing exclusive breastfeeding.

Factors associated exclusive breastfeeding practices of urban women in Addis Ababa public health centers, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

BackgroundExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the best nutrition for the children during the first 6 months of life, yet despite knowing the clear benefits, the practice of EBF is low. The aim of the study is to determine prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors in Addis Ababa.MethodsA facility based cross-sectional study with internal comparison was conducted among 648 mothers attending immunization sessions in all public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in February 2011. Prevalence of EBF was determined using ‘recall since birth’ method. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding effects while determining the association between exclusive breastfeeding practice and selected factors.ResultsThe prevalence of EBF under six months was 29.3 % (95 % CI 25.9, 32.9). Mothers whose monthly income 500 - 1000birr (US$56 - 113) were more likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who earn more than 1000birr (US$113) (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.49; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.06, 5.88). Mothers who reported having antenatal counseling (AOR = 1.99; 95 % CI 1.16, 3.43) and postnatal counseling were more likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who did not have counseling (AOR = 2.12; 95 % CI 1.28, 3.54). Mothers who gave birth vaginally were more likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who had a Caesarean section (AOR = 2.40; 95 % CI 1.25, 4.61).ConclusionsThe prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was low in Addis Ababa. Mothers’ income, antenatal and postnatal counseling and mode of delivery were found to be associated with EBF practices. Recommendations include strengthening nutrition counseling during antenatal and postnatal sessions, further exploring the barriers to EBF for higher income mothers and offering continuous assistance and safe pain relief medication for mothers who gave birth by caesarean section.

Determinants of Optimum Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Child Less than Two Years in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Back ground - The promotion and support of breastfeeding is a global priority. Vast scientific literatures demonstrated substantial health, social and economic benefits associated with appropriate breastfeeding, including lower infant morbidity and mortality from diarrhea and infectious diseases. WHO and UNICEF recommend that all mothers should breastfeed their children exclusively for the first 6 months and thereafter. In Ethiopia, like in other developing nations, diarrhea is a major contributor of morbidity and mortality in young infant and children, especially in urban areas, due to inappropriate breastfeeding patterns. Breastfeeding being a vital and indispensable part of primary health care, studies have not been conducted in East Shewa zone on determinants of optimum breastfeeding among mothers of reproductive age group. Objective – To assess determinants of optimum breastfeeding among mothers of child aged less than two years in Bishoftu town, Ada’a woreda, East Shewa zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods – A cross- sectional community based study design was employed. A total of 806 mothers of children age less than two years residing in Bishoftu town, East Shewa zone, Ethiopia were selected by using systematic random sampling for the quantitative study. The households were selected by systematic random sampling, which is by dividing the total number of households in all selected kebeles by the allocated sample size to get study subjects. Experienced interviewers and qualified supervisors were employed and a pre-tested questionnaire was utilized for this purpose. Result—Four hundred ten (50.9%) had sufficient knowledge on benefit of breastfeeding. Knowledge was found to be influenced by PNC. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice is only 34.1%. PNC follow up and maternal educations are significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Mothers who attended PNC are more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than those who did not attend (AOR= 2.19 (1.12, 4.32)), and those who did not attend formal school are more likely to practice exclusively (AOR= 3.61 (1.14, 11.43)), than mothers who attended education. Conclusion: It is concluded that maternal knowledge on benefit of breastfeeding is insufficient and breastfeeding practice is sub-optimal. This would increase the risk of faltered growth, infant/young child diarrhea and/or malnutrition, ARI and in addition it shortens birth interval and high fertility. Therefore strengthening counseling mothers on optimal breastfeeding practice and improving the information provision by suitable focused intensive IEC activity and other recommendations is forwarded.

English

BACKGROUND: Poor infant feeding practices and their consequences are one of the world's major problems and a serious obstacle to social and economic development. Breastfeeding is one of the most important determinants of child survival, birth spacing, and the prevention of childhood infections. The beneficial effects of breastfeeding depend on its initiation, duration, and the age at which the breastfed child is weaned. Breastfeeding practices vary among different regions and communities.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of infant feeding and, to assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices among women in rural area of West Bengal, India.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on mothers of children less than two year of age attending the outpatient department of Malda Medical College and Hospital, a rural medical college in Eastern India. A total of 200 mothers were interviewed who were randomly selected. A structured, pretested and predesigned questionnaire was used to collect information on the socio-demographic profile and infant feeding practice.RESULTS: Mothers of male children were 65% and female children were 35%. 44% were literate upto middle school and 28% with primary education. 14% mothers were illiterate. 52% of mothers had the knowledge about initiation of breast feeding within 1 hour of birth whereas only 28% practiced it. 80% mothers had the knowledge of exclusive breast feeding but only 60% practiced it. 24% of infants had received prelacteal feeds and only 2% breast fed upto 24 months.CONCLUSIONS: Despite higher rates of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding, awareness of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding was low. Creating an awareness of the advantages of breastfeeding will strengthen and support this common practice in rural communities and avoid early introduction of complementary foods for socio-cultural reasons.

Socio-demographic Factors associated with Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice among Mothers in East Malaysia

Breastfeeding practice is common in Malaysia. However, sustaining the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice for up to 6 months as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) is a problem for mothers. Numerous factors are associated with this good practice and one of the important ones is the socio-demographic factors. The study examined the association of socio-demographic factors and duration of EBF practice among mothers in Kuching, East Malaysia. A cross-sectional study among 159 mothers of children in the age group of 6 - 24 months through purposive sampling attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) clinics in Kuching division was conducted between April and Mei 2009. Data was collected using a set of supervised self-completed questionnaire on EBF practice and mother's socio-demographic factors. Factors related to duration of EBF practice were analysed using logistic regression analysis. 88.1% of mothers reported that they initiated and breastfeed their child exclusively. Only 44.3% of mothers breastfeed their child exclusively till 6 months and the others were not. Being unemployed (AOR = 2.96, (95% CI: (1.44, 6.06)) and Pribumi mothers (Malays and others ethnic groups in Sarawak namely Bidayuh, Iban and Melanau) (AOR = 4.53, (95% CI: (1.41, 14.50)) were independently associated with duration of EBF practice. The prevalence of EBF practice in Kuching division was higher than the national figures. Employed mothers were less likely to practice EBF up to 6 months, implying the need for longer maternity leave and to provide privacy to nursing mother in work places. Chinese mothers need to give more attention and to educate on benefits of EBF practice up to 6 months.

Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices and associated factors among mothers in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

BackgroundBreastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. World Health Organization (WHO) recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for six months which has a great contribution in reducing under five mortality, which otherwise leads to death of 88/1000 live birth yearly in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess prevalence of EBF and associated factors in mothers in the city of Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 25 June 2012 among mothers who delivered 12 months earlier in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. A cluster sampling technique was used to select a sample of 819 participants. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire by face-to-face interview technique. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to check associations and control confounding.ResultsOf 819 mother-infant pairs sampled, the overall age appropriate rate of EBF practice was found to be 50.3%. Having a young infant aged 0-1 month (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.54, 9.24) and 2-3 months (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.71, 4.58), being a housewife (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.48, 3.16), having prenatal EBF plan (AOR = 3.75, 95% CI = 2.21, 6.37), delivering at a health facility (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.55, 5.89), giving birth vaginally (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.40, 3.87) and receiving infant feeding counseling/advice (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 2.13, 12.68) were found to be significantly associated with EBF practice.ConclusionPrevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was low in Bahir Dar. Strengthening infant feeding advice/counseling both at the community and institutional levels, promoting institutional delivery, providing adequate pain relief and early assistance for mothers who gave birth by caesarean section, and enabling every mother a prenatal EBF plan during antenatal care were recommended in order to increase the proportion of women practicing EBF.

Effect of maternal status and breastfeeding practices on infant nutritional status - a cross sectional study in the south-west region of Bangladesh.

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to address the current scenario of LBW and infant nutritional and to analyze the effect of maternal status and pattern of their breast feeding practices on perinatal and postnatal infant development.MethodsCross-sectional study design with structured questionnaires was used among 510 mother-infant pair to collect data. Maternal anthropometric, socio-economic and demographic characteristics and breast feeding practice were used as independent variable and birth weight and infant growth status as dependent variable. Descriptive and crosstab analysis were used to analyze the effect.ResultsThe study revealed that about 29.4% infants were born with low birth weight (LBW). Mother with no education and from low income family were more likely (OR: 3.484, 95%CI: 1.993-6.089 and OR: 2.078, 95% CI: 1.274-3.387) to have LBW infant compared with mother with higher education and from higher income family. Similarly, lower maternal height, weight and MUAC (< 150 cm, <50 kg and < 22 cm respectively) were shown to have more risk of having LBW compared with higher height, weight and MUAC (RR: 1.628, 2.375 and 2.115; 95%CI: 1.250- 2.120, 1.844- 3.059, 1.623- 2.757). The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was found among 45% mother. Postnatal growth and development of infant was not found significantly different (P > 0.05) among those who breast feed exclusively and non-exclusively.ConclusionThe study confirms that lower level of maternal education; family income and anthropometric measurement significantly increase the risk of LBW. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was not found satisfactory.

Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices among rural women in Tamil Nadu

Background: Poor infant feeding practices and their consequences are one of the world's major problems and a serious obstacle to social and economic development. Various studies have shown that infant feeding could be influenced by socioeconomic status, maternal education, place of living and many other factors. Hence a prevalence study on exclusive breastfeeding was conducted in rural Tamil Nadu. Aim and Objective: To assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices and the factors influencing them among women in a rural area in Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in Attyampatti Panchyat Union, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, from March 2011-June 2011. All the 291 children in the age group of six months to two years in Attyampatti Panchayat Union were included in the study, irrespective of any sample. The data was analyzed using SPSS package. Results: Among the study population 52.6% were male children and 47.4% were females. Only 99 (34%) children were exclusively breastfed for six months. The majority of women (60.5%) initiated breastfeeding within half an hour after delivery. Various demographic factors like the education of the mother, type of delivery, type of family, occupation, number of children, monthly income, family size, age at marriage and religion had a direct influence on exclusive breastfeeding, which in turn influenced the weight of the baby and immune status of the child. Most of the mothers (44.7%) inferred that the main reason for giving bottle feed is because of inadequate breast milk secretion. Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is low in this particular area. Hence promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and focus on the factors affecting them is highly warranted in this area.