Sex-specific differences in psychophysiological stress-induced circadian sleep disruption and its impact on glucose metabolism in mice.

With the increasing prevalence of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and epilepsy (EP) worldwide, there is a growing burden on medical and healthcare resources. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the etiology of these diseases and implement targeted preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures to address the existing shortage of medical resources. Lipids are integral components of biological membranes. They not only function in energy storage and maintaining cell structure but also play a pivotal role in intercellular communication and signal transmission. Hence, lipids may hold significant implications in the pathogenesis and progression of the aforementioned disorders. Utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) in this investigation, the IEU OpenGWAS database was analyzed to explore the potential causal association between 159 lipids and the mentioned conditions, with sensitivity analysis being performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained through data analysis of these three diseases in the GEO database, followed by enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The findings indicated a potential causal association between the onset and progression of these disorders and 20 lipids categorized into six groups, which include sterol esters (SEs), ceramides (Cer), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and triacylglycerol (TAG). Furthermore, these lipids were found to regulate biological processes and pathways associated with endocytosis, synaptic vesicular circulation, signal release, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapses, and malaria infection. It is worth noting that based on the comprehensive scores of protein interactions in the STRING database, as well as their connectivity and association strength with other proteins in the network, heat shock factor binding protein 1 (HSPB1), which is closely related to lipids and has a relatively close relationship with diseases, was identified as a key protein for AD. Similarly, RAB3A was identified as a key protein for PD. CD160 serves as the key protein of EP. This study, by combining MR with bioinformatics analysis, discovered the potential lipid-based biological processes, pathways, and biomarkers of AD, PD, and EP, respectively, suggesting new therapeutic targets for us, deepening our understanding of the mechanisms of neurological diseases, and providing support for future clinical interventions.

Respiratory alterations in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Personality, not cognition, distinguishes chronic ayahuasca and cannabis users from non-users.

Insights into mechanism of ionic liquids for protein stability: Future implications for neurodegeneration treatment.

• Despite the high prevalence of mental disorders, refugees underutilize mental health services. • Cultural adaptation of interventions is suggested as a way to narrow this treatment gap. • The Raha Arabic program was efficient in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD. • The Raha Arabic program was also efficient in improving resilience and well-being. • Treatment effects were sustained at the 6-month follow-up. Despite an elevated risk for developing mental health problems, evidence-based treatment options for this population remain scarce. The current study aimed to examine the efficacy of a culturally adapted internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program for youth and young adults with mild to moderate mental health problems. Raha is a culturally adapted, guided, and tailored iCBT program for mild to moderate mental health problems. One hundred twenty-five Arabic-speaking refugee youth and young adults aged 15–29 years were randomly allocated to either a 10-week CA-iCBT condition or a wait-list control condition. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) served as the primary outcome measure and was assessed at pre-treatment, 4-week follow-up, post-treatment, and at 6-months post-treatment. Treatment effects were evaluated using a latent growth model. In the intention-to-treat analysis, anxiety and depressive symptoms on the HSCL-25 were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the wait-list control group, with a between-group effect size at post-treatment of Cohen’s d = 1.43 [0.97,1.89]. Treatment effects were sustained at the 6-month follow-up. Significant moderate-to-large effects were also observed across most secondary outcome measures. The findings of this study indicate that CA-iCBT is effective in reducing symptoms of common mental health problems in a population that generally underutilizes traditional mental health services.

Given the high prevalence of anxiety disorders and their frequent under-recognition, the use of questionnaires for screening anxiety is under debate. To evaluate the test accuracy across cut-offs of the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) against (semi-)structured interviews for screening any anxiety disorder (AAD) and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed-not-MEDLINE subset and PsycINFO up to 15 July 2025. We assessed the internal and external validity using the QUADAS-2-tool. We used the multiple thresholds model to estimate summary sensitivity and specificity across cut-offs, the area under the curve (AUC), and the cut-offs that maximised the Youden-Index. We included four studies with 736 participants, all having specific chronic somatic conditions. For the recommended cut-off ≥8, we estimated a summary sensitivity of 0.44 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.63) and a summary specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.94) for AAD and a summary sensitivity of 0.58 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.74) and a summary specificity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.93) for GAD. The Youden-Index was maximised at cut-off ≥5 and≥6 in terms of AAD and GAD, respectively. We estimated an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.79) for AAD and 0.81 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.84) for GAD. Only a few studies have examined the accuracy of the OASIS in a screening approach, all conducted in populations with somatic diseases. The AUC is comparable to other anxiety questionnaires. The recommended cut-off needs reconsideration. CRD42023485827.

Introduction: Mental health is vital for overall well-being, enabling individuals to cope with stress, function effectively and engage in society. Depression contributes significantly to the disease burden, especially among young adults facing academic, financial and social pressures. Despite global and national efforts, stigma and limited access to care remain barriers. Tamil Nadu has a high prevalence of mental health disorders, with young adults particularly at risk. Identifying prevalence and risk factors of depression is crucial for developing targeted interventions and reducing stigma. Aim: To assess the association between selected sociodemographic, lifestyle and social determinants and depression among young adults in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 undergraduate college students aged 18 to 25 years enrolled in various courses at medical, allied health sciences and engineering colleges in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2024 to November 2024. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, social interactions and co-morbidities were assessed. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data. Bivariate logistic regression was applied to identify associated factors, followed by multivariate logistic regression for variables with a p-value<0.05 considered to be significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.63±1.49 years. Depression was observed among 165 (38.9%). Among those with depression, 53 (32.3%) had minimal, 48 (28.8%) mild, 40 (24.3%) moderate, 16 (9.9%) moderately severe and 8 (4.7%) severe depression. Depression was significantly associated with age ≤20 years (p-value=0.028), type of college (p-value=0.013), family structure (p-value=0.030), father’s occupation (p-value <0.001), and limited social interaction (p-value=0.002). Conclusion: A high prevalence of depression was observed among college-going young adults in the Chengalpattu district. Younger age, academic discipline, family structure, parental occupation and reduced social interaction were key determinants. This highlights the importance of early intervention, lifestyle changes and enhanced social support systems to effectively address growing mental health challenges.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent degenerative musculoskeletal disorder in middle-aged and elderly populations, characterized by reduced bone mineral density and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Its pathogenesis is closely linked to oxidative stress imbalance; however, effective long-term therapeutic options remain limited. Here, we report that diacerein, a clinically used drug for osteoarthritis, significantly ameliorates OVX (ovariectomy)-induced bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that diacerein activates the transcription and activity of NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), a central regulator of the antioxidant response, leading to the restoration of cytoprotective protein expression and thereby exerting protective effects against osteoporosis. The beneficial effects of diacerein on bone protection were largely abolished in Nfe2l2 knockout mice, further underscoring the essential role of NRF2. Further investigation revealed that diacerein is metabolized in vivo into rhein, which exerts potent epigenetic activity. The upregulation of NRF2 appears to be primarily mediated through rhein's inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1 and 3a. In summary, our study suggests that diacerein, a drug with a well-established safety profile and suitability for long-term use, represents a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Epilepsy is a highly prevalent chronic central nervous system disorder that imposes substantial societal and economic burdens. Inconsistent associations of alcohol consumption, identified as a major global health risk factor, with epilepsy risk have been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between alcohol use and epilepsy and to identify potential underlying mechanisms, with a particular focus on the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), using an integrated multiomic approach. We assessed the global risk of alcohol consumption for epilepsy using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, and we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate causality. Additionally, we employed machine learning algorithms and protein-protein interaction networks to identify key genes. Our results indicate that alcohol consumption significantly contributes to the risk of epilepsy, as confirmed by MR analysis (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.60; p = 0.011). Functional enrichment analysis revealed pathways related to NET formation, whereas machine learning identified key genes such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase. Animal and molecular experiments confirmed that acute alcohol exposure increases the susceptibility to epileptic seizures, whereas the MPO inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide showed therapeutic potential for alcohol-induced epilepsy. This study provides novel insights into the role of NETs in alcohol-induced epilepsy and highlights potential therapeutic targets, thereby contributing to the development of innovative treatment strategies for epilepsy prevention and management.

A vision-language model for enhanced MCI identification in Alzheimer's disease through neuropsychological and neuroimaging data integration.

Depression, a prevalent mental disorder characterized by prolonged low mood and diminished interest in activities, involves complex interactions among genetic, biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors in its pathogenesis. Notably, the dramatic global surge in children and youth obesity prevalence over recent decades has emerged as a major public health challenge, with growing evidence suggesting potential associations between this metabolic disorder and the development of depression. This study aims to evaluate the research progression in this field via bibliometric methods. We utilized the Web of Science Core Collection database to retrieve articles pertaining to children and youth obesity and depression published between 1976 and 2025. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R Studio. 4550 articles were identified based on the predetermined criteria. The USA and the University of Minnesota have the highest number of publications. Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian was the most productive author, and the journal with the most articles published was BMC Public Health. The most frequently used keywords were "obesity," "depression," and "children", and the most cited articles were written by Stice, E. The keywords that have emerged recently are "weight stigma", "students", "anxiety", "polycystic ovary syndrome", and "gut microbiota". This study, revealed the evolving trends in the field of research on childhood obesity and depression. The research focus shifted from early topics such as mental health and eating disorders to weight stigma, gut microbiota, and COVID-19. Future research should focus on the biological mechanisms between obesity and depression, and gender differences.

The role of IDO1-mediated Tryptophan/Kynurenine metabolism and its association with estrogen level in PTSD within SPS mouse model.

Exercise training alleviates myocardial injury in mice with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction via the TLR4-mediated necroptosis pathway.

Isoliquiritigenin restores bone homeostasis in osteoporotic rats by enhancing BMSCs osteogenesis via ERK1/2-mTOR-HIF-1α-glycolytic axis and suppressing inflammation.

Development and trends in research on bibliometric analysis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and fracture healing.

Central amygdala HDAC6 contributes to visceral hypersensitivity and affective comorbidities in IBS-like rats.

Screening-to-intervention pathway for child anxiety problems alongside usual school practice versus usual school practice only (iCATSi2i): a cluster-randomised, controlled trial in primary schools in England.

CGRP regulates macrophage polarization through JAK-STAT pathway to improve Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

NRH attenuates age-related hearing loss by suppressing cochlear ferroptosis and cellular senescence via Sirt3 activation.