Prevalence Of Cervical Ribs Research Articles

Variations in the Number of Vertebrae, Prevalence of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra and Prevalence of Cervical Rib among Surgical Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Analysis of 998 Radiographs.

Retrospective Study. This study aims to investigate variation in the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) and the prevalence of cervical ribs among surgical patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Due to variation in the number of thoracic or lumbar vertebrae, inaccurate identification of vertebral levels has been found to be a contributory factor to wrong-level surgery. This was a retrospective study on AIS patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion. Demographic and anthropometric data (age, gender, height, weight and body mass index), radiographic data (Lenke curve type, pre-operative Cobb angle, vertebra numbering of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, presence of LSTV based on the Castellvi classification and the presence of cervical ribs) and clinical data were collected. Data was analysed and reported with mean and standard deviation for quantitative parameters and number and percentage for qualitative parameters. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest. A total of 998 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 135 (13.5%) were males and 863 (86.5%) were females. The vertebrae number varied between 23 to 25 total vertebrae with 24 vertebrae considered as the typical number of vertebrae. The prevalence of atypical number of vertebrae (23 or 25) was 9.8% (98 patients). We found a total of 7 different variations in number of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (7C11T5L, 7C12T4L, 7C11T6L, 7C12T5L, 7C13T4L, 7C12T6L and 7C13T5L) with 7C12T5L considered as the typical vertebrae variation. The total prevalence of patients with atypical vertebrae variation was 15.5% (155 patients). Cervical ribs were found in 2 (0.2%) patients while LSTV were found in 250 (25.1%) of patients. The odds of 13 thoracic vertebrae were higher in males (OR 5.17; 95% CI 1.25, 21.39) and the odds of 6 lumbar vertebrae were higher in LSTV (OR 3.93; 95% CI 2.58, 6.00). In this series, we identified a total of 7 different variations in the number of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. The total prevalence of patients with atypical vertebrae variation was 15.5%. LSTV was found in 25.1% of the cohort. It is important to ascertain atypical vertebrae variations rather than the absolute number of vertebrae because variants such as 7C11T6L and 7C13T4L may still have typical numbers of vertebrae in total. However, due to the differences in the number of morphologically thoracic and lumbar vetrebrae, there may still be a risk of inaccurate identification.

A RADIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF CERVICAL RIB

Introduction: Cervical rib is the extra rib arising from the seventh cervical vertebra. The prevalence of cervical rib depends on the population. Cervical ribs are usually asymptomatic but may cause compression of subclavian artery and brachial plexus. Study the prevalence of cervical rib with associated gender, age group and laterali Aim: ty (body sides). 8000 plain chest radiographs were studied from the month of November 2021 to Material And Method: November 2022, in which 71 chest radiographs were found with cervical ribs. The particulars of the patients were recorded and data were tabulated and analysed. Prevalence of the cervical rib was found to be 0.88% Results: and female more numbered than male.

Prevalence of cervical ribs and elongated transverse processes in Omani population: a computed tomography-based study

Cervical ribs are the supernumerary ribs that usually arise from the seventh cervical vertebra. Ethnic and geographical variations in cervical ribs and elongated transverse processes have been reported. Therefore, we aimed to study the prevalence of cervical ribs and elongated transverse processes and morphometry of cervical ribs in Omani subjects using computed tomography (CT). A total of 1165 consecutive patients' CT scans of the cervical spine who had visited the tertiary care hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were included in the study. The CT scans were screened for cervical ribs and elongated C7 transverse processes. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the gender influence. Cervical ribs were identified in 0.94% of patients with a male-to-female ratio of 0.37:1. Most cervical ribs were unilateral (54%). The elongated C7 transverse process was identified in 18.45% of patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.36:1. Female patients are more likely to have cervical ribs (effect size = 5.98, 95% CI = 1.58-22.6, p = 0.005) than male patients. In contrast, the elongated C7 transverse process is more frequent in males (effect size = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.34-2.47, p < 0.001). The length and width of the cervical ribs are presented. The prevalence of cervical ribs in Omani subjects is close to that of accepted prevalence worldwide. However, the elongated C7 transverse process prevalence is comparatively high and close to the Saudi population.

Prevalence of cervical rib in patients visiting department of Radiodiagnosis at a tertiary care hospital: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Introduction: The cervical ribs are the supernumerary ribs that are often associated with neuro-vascular symptoms in thoracic outlet syndromes. The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of cervical ribs among the patients visiting the Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study comprising 1533 chest and cervical spine radiographs of patients visiting the Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital from March to June 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee at the College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital (Reference Number: COMSTH-IRC/2021-63). The presence or absence of a cervical rib was noted in the digital x-rays. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Results: The prevalence of cervical ribs was 1.5%, with males and females accounting for 0.85% and 0.65% respectively. Amongst the cases with cervical ribs, the unilateral (73.91%) cervical rib was significantly more than bilateral (26.01%) occurring more frequently on the left side. The cervical rib was found to be more predominant in males than in females without significant difference. Sexual dimorphism was not found to be significantly associated with laterality and sidedness of cervical ribs. Conclusions: The cervical ribs were commonly encountered in our study. As the presence of the cervical rib is one of the leading causes of thoracic outlet syndromes, clinicians should not overlook the existence of cervical ribs while ruling out the etiology of thoracic outlet syndromes.

Cervical ribs and other abnormalities of the vertebral pattern in children with esophageal atresia and anorectal malformations.

In mammals the vertebral column has a constant pattern, particularly in the cervical region, which is likely the result of stabilizing selection. The prevalence of cervical ribs and extended vertebral pattern abnormalities is increased in deceased fetuses and neonates and associated with structural and chromosomal anomalies. The hypothesized close interaction between vertebral patterning and organogenesis in early embryogenesis could be studied in children with esophageal atresia and anorectal malformations by evaluating the radiographs of the vertebral column and the type and number of associated anomalies METHODS: The vertebral pattern of 367 children diagnosed with an esophageal atresia (n = 135), anorectal malformation (n = 215), or both (n = 17) was assessed on radiographs. The vertebral pattern was abnormal in 170/202 (84.2%) children in whom this could be assessed, and cervical ribs were present in 147/335 (43.9%). Extended vertebral pattern abnormalities became more frequent with an increasing number of associated structural abnormalities. Cervical ribs were particularly common in children with chromosomal and genetic abnormalities (18/20, 90.0%). Cervical ribs are frequent and abnormal vertebral patterns are more extended in the presence of associated anomalies. These findings support the hypothesized selection against vertebral patterning variations and emphasize the relevance of assessment of the vertebral pattern.

Prevalence of Cervical Rib in Western Nepal

Introduction: Cervical rib is usually asymptomatic. It is usually detected incidentally when radiograph is done for other reasons. Cervical rib has been found to be symptomatic in about 10% of cases. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of cervical ribs and percentage of symptomatic patients among Nepalese population in western development region.Methods: Total of 3600 chest and cervical spine radiographs of patients done for various purposes in radiology department were evaluated for presence of cervical rib. Study was carried out during September 2013 to February 2014. Patients of 16 years and above were included in the study. History was also noted to see if patients with cervical rib were symptomatic. SPSS version 17 software was used in data analysis.Results: Prevalence of cervical ribs was found to be 1.1 % with higher rate in females. Among 39 patients with cervical rib; bilateral cervical ribs was seen in 46.2 %. Cervical rib was more common on right side, seen in 38.5 % of cases. It was seen on left side in 15.4 % of cases. Cervical rib was found to be symptomatic in 10.25 % of patients. Among them; two patients presented with pain in arm and other two presented with hard swelling in right cervical region.Conclusion: The cervical rib is common in our population. Patients with pain, numbness in arm and swelling in cervical region should be evaluated for cervical rib.

Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcome and an Abnormal Vertebral Pattern: A Systematic Review.

The human vertebral column has a stable number of vertebrae and ribs, which is presumably the result of evolutionary selection. An association between an abnormal vertebral pattern, especially in the cervical region, and congenital anomalies or adverse fetal outcome has been reported. The aim of this study was to review the current literature concerning an abnormal vertebral pattern and prevalence of cervical ribs in healthy subjects and in subjects with adverse outcome. Scientific databases were searched systematically. Studies assessing the number of vertebrae and/or ribs were included, and data concerning anomalies and outcome were extracted. Thirty-nine studies including 75,018 healthy subjects and 6130 subjects with structural or chromosomal anomalies or adverse outcome were selected. The majority of these studies focused on the prevalence of cervical ribs. The prevalence of cervical ribs was considerably higher in fetuses with adverse outcome, including aneuploidies, compared with healthy individuals in the vast majority of studies. Studies suggest an association between cervical ribs and other structural anomalies. These results demonstrate that detailed assessment of the fetal vertebral column, especially of the cervicothoracic region, could provide valuable information regarding fetal and neonatal prognosis. Based on the available evidence, the application of 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to assess the vertebral column and ribs, in particular the cervical region, warrants further research. Prenatal assessment of the ribs and vertebral pattern by 3D ultrasound, which is currently not routinely performed, might be useful in the assessment of the fetus, because this can predict fetal and neonatal outcome in some cases.

Prevalence and pattern of cervical rib, transversomegaly and other vertebral anomalies in normal adult cervical spine in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; A supernumary rib from seventh cervical vertebra is called cervical rib and is a common anomaly. Its true prevalence is not validated as most of these are asymptomatic thus do not get diagnosed. Its incidence has been reported in several geographic regions and ethnic clusters. Most of the studies rely on radiological data collected from evaluation of chest or neck radiographs of defined numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A similar study to ascertain its presence and incidence, apart from sexual and morphological pattern is required for Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India. The present study reports data extracted from study of 1500 radiographs and evaluating them for presence of cervical rib and other abnormalities. Demographic and other relevant details were noted.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Most of the cases were female and almost all cases of cervical rib or transversomegaly were bilateral. 0.8% and 1.4% cases were noted for cervical rib and transversomegaly respectively. Apart from it, 4 cases of vertebrae fusion and one case of hemi-vertebra leading to cervical scoliosis was also noted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The prevalence of cervical rib was comparable to other studies considering the sample size. The calculation of true incidence however will require multi-discipline collaboration and robust data. This study, however, is important for further work in this regard and adds value to existing literature.

The prevalence of cervical ribs in Enugu, Nigeria.

Cervical rib is an important cause of nontraumatic thoracic outlet neurovascular compression. This study was undertaken as there is no known documented report on its prevalence in the study environment. To evaluate the prevalence of cervical ribs and its variation with sex and age among patients presenting at radiological facilities for a chest radiograph. Retrospective evaluation of plain posterior-anterior view chest radiographs done in radiological facilities in Enugu, Southeast, Nigeria. Evaluated in this study were all 6571 chest radiographs consecutively obtained between 2009 and 2012 in three randomly selected radiological facilities in Enugu. SPSS version 17 software was used in data analysis. Chi-square and student t-tests were used to test for the significance of findings at 95% confidence level. This study reports the overall prevalence of cervical ribs as 48 (0.7%) with a significantly higher rate in females 43 (1.1%) when compared to males 5 (0.2%) (P = 0.000). In 27 (0.4%) cases, the cervical ribs were bilateral; whereas in 21 (0.3%) cases, they were unilateral with 8 (0.1%) on the left and 13 (0.2%) on the right. There was no age-related variability with prevalence (P = -0.813). The prevalence of cervical rib in the study population is low and within the known range as seen in other geographical regions of Nigeria.

EP09.04: Abnormal vertebral pattern and adverse fetal and neonatal outcome: a systematic review

The human vertebral column has a stable number of vertebrae and ribs, which is likely the result of an evolutionary selection. An association between an abnormal vertebral pattern, especially in the cervical region and congenital anomalies or adverse fetal outcome has been reported. Prenatal assessment of the vertebrae and ribs by ultrasound might therefore be useful in determining fetal and neonatal outcome. The aim of this study was to review the current literature concerning the presence of an abnormal number of vertebrae or ribs in relation to fetal and neonatal outcome. Scientific databases and reference lists of identified studies were searched systematically. Studies in which the number of vertebrae and/or ribs was prenatally or postnatally assessed were included and data concerning structural and chromosomal anomalies and outcome were extracted. 39 studies including 75.018 healthy subjects and 6.130 subjects with structural or chromosomal anomalies or adverse outcome were selected. The majority of these studies focused on the prevalence of cervical ribs. These data were included for quantitative synthesis. In fetuses with adverse outcome (N = 2.974) the mean pooled estimated prevalence of cervical ribs was higher (34.6%, 95% CI 9%–60.2%) than in healthy subjects (N = 73.153, 1.7%, 95% CI 1.2%–2.2%). Prevalence of cervical ribs was also increased in fetuses with aneuploidies (n = 50, 77.5%, 95% CI 55.9%–99.2%). The prevalence of cervical ribs is higher in fetuses with an adverse outcome than in healthy subjects and increased in fetuses with chromosomal anomalies. Based on the available evidence, the application of 3D ultrasound to assess the vertebral column and ribs, in particular the cervical region, warrants further research.

Cervical Rib: It's Prevalence in Indian Population around Lucknow (UP)

Objective: The study was conducted to know the prevalence of cervical rib in Indian population especially in and around Lucknow and to compare the results with the other study reported in London population.Material and Method: The study was conducted on chest X-rays of 12950 cases done for various complaints of both male and female patients, irrespective of age and ethnicity who attended the Radiology Department of Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow during a period of 7 months, that is from 01-09-2011 to 31-03-2012.Results: An incidence of 0.6% was observed with bilateral cervical rib being more common in both males and females and the incidence of cervical rib in females was 0.73% as compared to 0.49% in males.Conclusion: Indian population showed an overall incidence of 0.6% as compared to the London population showing an overall incidence of 0.74%. Bilateral cervical rib is more common in both male and females and left sided cervical rib being more common in males in comparison to right sided cervical rib in females.

Cervical Ribs: A Common Variant Overlooked in CT Imaging

Cervical ribs are congenital variants that are known to cause TOS or brachial plexopathy in up to 10% of the affected individuals. We investigated how often cervical ribs are present on cervical spine CT scans to determine the incidence in humans and the percentage of reported cervical ribs. Cervical spine CT scans and the reports of 3404 consecutive adult patients were retrospectively reviewed to determine the presence of cervical ribs and whether they had been reported. Cervical ribs were found in 2.0% (67/3404) of the population. Of the 67 patients with cervical ribs, 27 (40.3%) had bilateral ribs. The prevalence of cervical ribs in women was twice that in men, 2.8% (39/1414) versus 1.4% (28/1990). Although African Americans accounted for 50.1% (1706/3404) and whites, 41.2% (1402/3404) of the patient population, African Americans were 70.1% (47/67) of patients with cervical ribs, whereas whites were 26.9% (18/67). Radiologists commented on 25.5% (24/94) of the cervical ribs in 25.4% (27/67) of patients. The prevalence of cervical ribs in the human population has been a source of uncertainty due to the degree of difficulty that comes in detecting this often subtle congenital variation. In our sample, the prevalence was 2.0% of patients. Our study determined that cervical ribs are underreported in patients undergoing cervical spine CT. Given the potential clinical implications of these anatomic variants, neuroradiologists must be more meticulous in identifying cervical ribs when reviewing cervical spine CT scans.

Sacralization is not associated with elongated cervical costal process and cervical rib

Cervical rib/elongated costal process of the seventh cervical vertebra and sacralization of a lumbar vertebra are associated with clinical problems-neurological, vascular, and obstetrical. A previous study reported an association between these morphologies, and suggested that clinicians use presence of one trait to predict presence of the other. This study tested three hypotheses from this association: costal process length among individuals with sacralization differs from that among individuals without sacralization for: (1) only the seventh cervical vertebra, (2) only transitional presacral vertebrae-seventh cervical, twelfth thoracic, and fifth lumbar, and (3) presacral vertebrae in general. Skeletons of 961 individuals between ages 20 and 49 years from the United States were surveyed for sacralization. Costal process length was measured on 100 individuals with sacralization and 184 without sacralization for cervical vertebrae 3 to 7, thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12, and all lumbar vertebrae. Cervical rib was evaluated for 102 individuals with sacralization and 472 without sacralization. Results showed that 11% (105 of 961) of individuals have sacralization. Compared to individuals without sacralization, those with sacralization: (1) have significantly longer costal process for the last lumbar vertebra, but are nonsignificantly different for costal process lengths of other vertebrae, (2) are nonsignificantly different in prevalence of cervical rib-2.9% with sacralization and 0.4% without sacralization, and (3) are significantly more likely to have an extra presacral vertebra. Clinically, results suggest that sacralization is not a predicate for either cervical rib or elongated costal process of the seventh cervical vertebra.