Awareness Of Prevalence Research Articles

Physician-medical manufacturing industry relationships: Perceptions of medical students.

Background Physicians and the medical manufacturing industry (MMI) are closely associated and may have some form of financial or business arrangement. Research has highlighted that these interactions negatively impact physicians' prescribing behaviour. We tried to explore medical students' perspectives regarding these interactions. Methods We did a questionnaire-based survey to capture the demographic information and included five yes-or-no questions with two possible answers that probed the participants' awareness. Statements (26 Likert-style questions) describing various physician-industry interactions were formulated based on previous research. Excel was used to gather the data, and SPSS v 25.0® for Windows was used to analyse it. Frequencies and percentages (qualitative variables) and means and standard deviations were used to present descriptive statistics (quantitative variables). The associations between the independent variables and awareness were examined using chi-square test. Results About 40% of students knew doctors and MMI work together, but only 6% knew there were rules about accepting gifts from MMI. Eighty-four per cent of respondents felt free samples from MMI were an excellent way to learn about new products. The prevalence of awareness was higher in interns/housemen (51.6%) compared to medical students (35.9%). Most (43%) of the participants preferred an online database as a method of disclosure. Conclusions Our findings indicated students' knowledge gaps regarding ethical considerations and recommended guidelines regarding the relational dynamics of medical practitioners and MMI. Students should be taught appropriate conduct and best practices and must strive to develop skepticism towards MMI marketing claims. This may be achieved by implementing various educational interventions in the medical curriculum.

Awareness of the causal association between human papillomavirus and anal cancer among US adults.

The incidence of anal cancer is on the rise in the US, especially among high-risk groups. This study examined the prevalence and determinants of awareness of the causal relationship between HPV and anal cancer among US adults. Study data was obtained from the 2017 to 2020 iterations of the Health Information National Trends Survey. The prevalence of awareness that HPV causes anal cancer was estimated among HINTS respondents who were aware of HPV in general. Survey weights were used to provide estimates representative of the adult US population. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between awareness that HPV causes anal cancer and cancer-related behaviors/perceptions and sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. Two thousand six hundred and eighty four (27.2%) of the study population were aware that HPV caused anal cancer. Those of gay sexual orientation were more aware than heterosexuals [OR 2.27; 95% CI (1.24, 4.14)]. Compared to respondents with a high school diploma or less, individuals with some college education [OR 1.38; 95% CI (1.03, 1.85)] and those with at least a college degree [OR 1.52; 95% CI (1.17, 1.98)] were more likely to be aware. Participants who had positive cancer information seeking behavior were more aware of the HPV-anal cancer link compared to those who did not [OR 1.57; 95% CI (1.30, 1.89)]. Population-level awareness that HPV causes anal cancer remains critically low in the US. Sexual orientation, level of education and cancer information seeking behavior are associated with increased awareness of the causal relationship between HPV and anal cancer. Efforts should be directed toward addressing the awareness gap among individuals with lower education levels and promoting curiosity-driven information seeking behaviors.

Evaluating the hypertension care cascade in middle-aged and older adults in The Gambia: findings from a nationwide survey

Hypertension is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa with poor treatment coverage and high case-fatality rates. This requires assessment of healthcare performance to identify areas where intervention is most needed. To identify areas where health resources should be most efficiently targeted, we assessed the hypertension care cascade i.e., loss and retention across the various stages of care, in Gambian adults aged 35 years and above. This study was embedded within the nationally representative 2019 Gambia National Eye Health Survey of adults ≥35 years. We constructed a hypertension care cascade with four categories: prevalence of hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg, and/or current use of medication prescribed for hypertension); those aware of their diagnosis; those treated; and those with a controlled blood pressure (defined as blood pressure <140/90mmHg). Analyses were age- and sex-standardised to the population structure of The Gambia. Logistic regression was used to assess the socio-demographic factors associated with prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. Of 9171 participants with data for blood pressure, the prevalence of hypertension was 47.0%. Among people with hypertension, the prevalence of awareness was 54.7%, the prevalence of hypertension treatment was 32.5%, and prevalence of control was 10.0% with little difference between urban and rural residence. The cascade of care performance was better in women. However, there was no difference in achieving blood pressure control between men and women who were receiving treatment. Female sex, older age and higher body mass index were associated with higher hypertension awareness whilst having an occupation compared to being unemployed was associated with higher odds of being treated. Patients in the underweight category had higher odds of achieving blood pressure control. There is a high prevalence of hypertension and low performance of the health care system that impact on the hypertension care cascade among middle-aged and older adults in The Gambia. Addressing the full cascade will be paramount especially in reducing the mounting prevalence and improving diagnosis of patients with hypertension, where the greatest dividends will be gained. The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, Wellcome Trust.

Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of awareness and visitation of community clinic among ever married women: evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–2018

ObjectivesBangladesh has made remarkable progress in improving the population’s health, but maternal health and healthcare facilities are still in a vulnerable situation. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and...

Awareness of the Link Between the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Cancer is a group of diseases with uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. Increased intake of animal-source foods, sedentary lifestyle, decreased physical activity, and increased prevalence of excess body weight are independently associated with CRC risk. Additional risk factors include heavy alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and consumption of red or processed meat. Ultra-processed food (UPF) is made utilizing multiple components and a number of procedures. Soft drinks and salty or sugary snacks typically contain a lot of added sugar, fats, and processed carbohydrates, which negatively affect the balance of the gut bacteria, nutrients, and bioactive substances that are necessary for the prevention of CRC. The aim of this study is to assess the awareness of the general population in Saudi Arabia toward the relationship between UPF and CRC. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in Saudi Arabia between June and December, 2022. Result The study involved 802 participants, of which 84% consumed UPF and 71% were aware of the link between UPF and CRC. Only 18.3% were familiar with the particular type of UPF and only 29.4% knew how to prepare them. The prevalence of participants who were aware of the link between UPF and CRC was significantly more among the older age groups, people living in the Eastern Region, and those who knew how to manufacture UPF, while the prevalence of awareness was significantly less among those who regularly consumed UPF. Conclusion The study showed that a significant portion of subjects regularly ate UPF, and only a few were aware of its link to CRC. This highlights the need for greater awareness of the fundamentals of UPF and its impact on health. Governmental organizations should develop a strategy to raise public awareness of excessive UPF use.

Telemedicine Awareness and the Preferred Digital Healthcare Tools: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study from Rural Karnataka, India.

The Indian government launched national teleconsultation services (eSanjeevani OPD) to provide safe doctor-to-patient consultations. This study aimed to determine the awareness and willingness to seek services from eSanjeevani OPDs. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Nandigudi village, Karnataka. The total sample size was 273, and participants were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. The prevalence of awareness about teleconsultations was 2.2% (n = 6, 95% CI: 0.8-4.7%). None of the participants utilized eSanjeevani services in the last year. Approximately 56.0% (n = 153, 95% CI: 49.9-62.0%) were willing to use eSanjeevani OPD. "Not being familiar" (n = 99, 82.5%) with eSanjeevani OPD was the major reason for unwillingness to use teleconsultation, and 73.8% (n = 113) preferred video calls as the mode of communication. The majority of the participants were not aware of and were unwilling to use eSanjeevani OPD. Therefore, healthcare professionals should focus more on creating awareness of teleconsultations.

Utilization of nutrition labels and related factors among patients with diabetes in Korea.

The prevalence of diabetes has continued to increase globally. Changes in eating habits, lack of exercise, increased stress, and aging are major contributors. Glycemic control is the key strategy of diabetes management. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utilization of nutrition labels and related factors among patients with diabetes. Data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. General, health-related, diabetes-related characteristics from 1,587 adults with diabetes history were included. Nutrition label utilization was assessed with awareness and use of nutrition labels and effects on food choice. For statistical analyses, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. The prevalence of awareness, use, and effects of nutrition labels on food choice among diabetic patients were 48.8%, 11.4%, and 9.6%, respectively. High monthly income, walking frequency, family history of diabetes, younger age at diagnosis, and shorter duration of diabetes were associated with higher nutrition label awareness. Nutrition label use and effect on food choice were higher in women, those with high monthly income, those diagnosed at younger than 45 yrs, those with diabetes for less than 10 yrs, those with meal therapy, or patients who had undergone a fundus examination. Nutrition label utilization status was low in Korean patients with diabetes. Strategies are needed to promote nutrition label use as a diet management tool for patients with diabetes.

National trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults in Mongolia from 4 cross-sectional surveys in 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2019.

This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and associated factors in persons 15 years and older from 2005 to 2019 in Mongolia.National data were analyzed from 21,342 people (≥15 years) who participated in 4 cross-sectional STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance surveys in Mongolia (2005, 2009, 2013, or 2019) and had complete blood pressure measurements. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were calculated using sociodemographic factors within each study year. Logistic regression was employed to assess the associations between sociodemographic and health factors and status of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control by study year and pooled sample.Trend analyzes showed that the prevalence of hypertension decreased significantly from 28.4% in 2005 to 23.2% in 2019 (P < .001). The prevalence of awareness among hypertensives remained unchanged, the treatment among aware decreased, and the control rate increased. In adjusted logistic regression analysis with the pooled sample, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.49, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.32–1.68), older age (≥45 years) (AOR: 5.90, 95% CI: 4.90–7.10), obesity (AOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 3.77–4.88), more frequent alcohol use (≥1–2 days/week) (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.39–2.05) were positively, and higher educational level (≥12 years) (AOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68–0.87) and urban residence (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.97) were negatively associated with hypertension prevalence.The prevalence of hypertension among Mongolian adults has decreased in recent years. Levels of hypertension awareness were unchanged, treatment decreased, and control increased. Increased health promotion, detection, and treatment of hypertension in Mongolia are indicated.

1113-P: Trends in Prevalence, Awareness, and Risk Perception among U.S. Adults with Prediabetes: NHANES 2005–2018

Introduction: Individuals with prediabetes (preDM) are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Awareness and perceived risk of disease are key factors impacting lifestyle interventions. This study examined the prevalence, awareness, and perceived risk of preDM. Methods: This nationally representative cross-sectional analysis of 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data was conducted on nonpregnant adults (aged≥20 years) . PreDM was based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) definitions recommended by the American Diabetes Association. We used fasting sample weight to generate nationally representative estimates. Measures also include sociodemographic, awareness, and perceived risk for DM or preDM. Analyses were accounted for the complex sample design and performed using Stata 17. Results: Overall, among 15,968 adults, the weighted prevalence of PreDM increased from 31.5% (95%CI 28.5-34.4) in 2005-20to 47.2% (95% CI 43.7-50.7) in 2017-2018 with a significant linear trend (p&amp;lt;;0.001) . The weighted prevalence of awareness of preDM increased yearly from 5.6% in 20- 20to 12.6% in 2017-2018 based on FPG/HbA1c definition (p&amp;lt;;0.001) . Similarly, among those with preDM, the perceived risk increased from 28.2% in 20- 20to 32.9% in 20- 20 and plateaued at 36.9% in 2017-2018 without a significant linear trend (p=0.142) . Black and Mexican Americans had a higher prevalence of preDM than White. Education was positively associated with awareness and perceived risk, but the income was not. Women were less likely to have preDM but more likely to be aware of preDM than men. Overweight/obesity, hypertension, and depression were positively associated with preDM, awareness, and perceived risk. Conclusions: Findings suggest that from 20to 2018, the prevalence of preDM continues to rise. More national efforts are needed to raise awareness of diabetes risk and target those at higher risk. Disclosure A.Yan: None. Z.Shi: None.

Awareness Regarding Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Health Care Professionals and Lay Persons

BACKGROUND&#x0D; Globally antimicrobial resistance is rising, and the Indian scenario is also similar to antimicrobial awareness. The study literature on awareness regarding antimicrobial resistance in public is less in quantity. This study was designed to determine the awareness of antimicrobial resistance and appropriate antimicrobial use among health care professionals and laypersons.&#x0D; METHODS&#x0D; This cross-sectional study was performed at a rural tertiary care hospital in Central India and included junior residents, interns and nurses, patients, and their relatives. Survey tool and data questionnaire were provided to participants in English and Marathi.&#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; Total 384 people were enrolled as study participants. Health care professionals have more ideas than laypersons regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. Comparison of knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among hospital staff, patients and their relatives was done. The quantitative measurement of awareness of antimicrobial resistance took place with the help of this study. We were able to find out the prevalence of awareness of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS&#x0D; This study showed a comparison between study participants for knowledge about antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use regarding factors like education, hand hygiene, income and those working in fields like agriculture, hospital, etc. There is a need to frame policies to prevent excessive use of antimicrobials and increase awareness about the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance in common people. If the knowledge of infection prevention and control (IPC) is well-known to everyone, the antimicrobial resistance will not be left for the treatment.

Self-reported awareness of the legal status of eight responsibilities of dog owners in Ireland: are dog owners different from non-dog owners?

BackgroundLegislation pertaining to canine ownership in Ireland maintains a one-health perspective by establishing a minimum standard of care for dogs while safeguarding human health and wellbeing. However, public awareness of this legislation has not been measured. The goals of this study were first, to estimate and compare the level of awareness, among dog owners and non-dog owners, that eight responsibilities of dog owners are prescribed by law in Ireland. Second, to determine if gender modifies differences in awareness between owners and non-owners, and third to determine whether gender itself is independently associated with awareness of the legal specification of these dog ownership responsibilities.ResultsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 679 University College Dublin employees. Exposure information included participants’ dog ownership status, gender, age, and education level. Among dog owners and non-dog owners, we estimated and compared the prevalences of persons with self-reported awareness that each of eight dog ownership responsibilities are prescribed by law in Ireland: Dog fouling in a public place, the leashing and muzzling of certain breeds, holding a dog license, straying of dogs, safeguarding health and welfare of dogs, dog abandonment, prohibition on tail docking of puppies and the mandatory wearing of identification. The prevalence of awareness was low among both dog owners and non-dog owners with substantial awareness (≥ 80%) of only three responsibilities: Those pertaining to fouling, licensing and muzzling and leashing. Awareness that more than one responsibility was specified by law was also poor with only 17.9% (95% CI: 15.1–20.9%) of participants aware of all eight and dog owners essentially just as likely (54%; 95% CI: 49–58%) to be aware of more than one as non-dog owners. For most dog ownership responsibilities, differences in prevalence (PD) of awareness between owners and non-owners and females and males were trivial (PD < 10%). Similarly for most responsibilities, gender did not modify awareness PDs between owners and non-owners.ConclusionsIn this well-educated university community, self-reported awareness that these eight responsibilities of dog owners are prescribed by law in Ireland is poor with essentially no difference between dog owners and non-dog owners or males and females. Awareness was higher for those responsibilities which, when not discharged, result in direct negative consequences to humans compared to those that result in direct negative consequences to dogs. It is likely that awareness of the legal status of these eight responsibilities of dog owners among the general public in Ireland is even less than observed in this study.

Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among the Adult Population in Burkina Faso: Evidence from a Nationwide Population-Based Survey.

Background Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Improved awareness of hypertension status can significantly increase early treatment, thereby reducing cardiovascular complications and premature death. This study aimed to report the prevalence of the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among the adult population in Burkina Faso. Method We performed a secondary analysis of the first national population-based survey on common risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in Burkina Faso. It was a national representative cross-sectional survey among adults aged 25–64 years. Awareness of hypertension was defined by blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or a prior diagnosis by a health worker or the use of any antihypertensive drugs. A modified Poisson regression model using a generalized estimating equation was used to identify factors associated with awareness of hypertension. Result A total of 4628 people with valid blood pressure measurements were considered. Of them, 828 had hypertension. Among people with hypertension, the prevalence of awareness was 17.5% (95% CI: 14.4%–21.1%), and 47.3% (95% CI: 37.6%–57.3%) of them had taken antihypertensive medications for their hypertension. One-third (35.5% (95% CI: 23.3%–49.9%)) of those who took medications had controlled hypertension. The prevalence of awareness was significantly higher among women (21.1% (95% CI: 16.4%–26.7%)) compared with men (13.8% (95% CI: 10.4%–17.9%)) (p = 0.019). The prevalence of awareness increased with increasing age and education level. Nearly one-third (29.3% (95% CI: 25.3%–33.6%)) of people with hypertension needed antihypertensive drug treatment. Conclusion There was a poor level of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults in Burkina Faso. Effective control strategies to increase the screening of hypertension in primary care and at the community level are necessary in Burkina Faso.

Rising prevalence, and improved but suboptimal management, of hypertension in South Africa: A comparison of two national surveys

AimTo examine the changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension between 1998 and 2016 in ≥15-year-old South African men and women and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with those changes. MethodsIn nationally representative surveys in 1998 and 2016, multi-stage sampling was used to select, interview and collect blood pressure and anthropometric measurements in ≥15-year-old adults. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the independent effects of selected sociodemographic characteristics on hypertension management. ResultsAmong 13,217 participants in 1998 and 7830 in 2016 (59–60% women in both surveys), hypertension prevalence increased from 27% to 45% in men and 31% to 48% in women. Hypertension increased equally in participants with and without obesity and in daily cigarette smokers vs. their counterparts. Prevalence of awareness among participants with hypertension increased from 7% to 18% (men) and from 17% to 29% (women). Among those aware, hypertension treatment improved markedly from 8% to 85% (men) and from 12% to 82% (women). Hypertension control among those on treatment increased from 17% to 26% (men) and from 21% to 30% (women). Increasing age and survey year were consistently associated with higher prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. The richest vs. poorer women, and lower vs. higher educated women were more likely to be treated for hypertension. ConclusionsThe high and rising hypertension burden together with suboptimal awareness and control levels warrant greater attention to curb hypertension-related morbidity and mortality in South Africans. Novel strategies involving community-based or workplace hypertension programmes may overcome some barriers to optimal care.

Assessment of Household Work as Compensation for Physical Activity Deficit Amongst Older Adults in a Nigerian Urban Setting

Urban older adults tend to be physically inactive and often remain indoors. Household work of a sample of 300 urban-dwelling adults (50-65 years) from a Nigerian state capital was therefore investigated for physical activity (PA) levels. Questionnaire on participation in household tasks, time and days/week for the tasks, awareness of health benefits of PA and household work as exercise was used. Greater participation occurred in household chores than outdoor/yard work (70.0 vs 44.0%) while participation varied with specific chores (55.0-70.0%) and yard work (28.7-34.0%). Gender, education, age and living with spouse or children/helper were associated with performance of household chores (P&lt;0.05) as well as with yard work except living with spouse. Prevalence of low-intensity household PA was high with only 0.9-13.8% attaining moderate-intensity level and no vigorous-intensity. Low prevalence of awareness of PA health benefits (32.3%) and household work as exercise (14.4%) was observed, but were related to good performance of household work (OR, 1.50-1.55; CL, 0.55-3.54). The finding that 13% of the respondents attained moderate-intensity PA indicated the potential of household work to compensate for the absence of other physical activities. Thus public health campaigns based on household work as exercise in a gender sensitive African society becomes necessary.

Coevolving Dynamics between Epidemic and Information Spreading considering the Dependence between Vigilance and Awareness Prevalence

It has been demonstrated that the propagation of information and awareness regarding a disease can assist in containing the outbreak of epidemics. Previous models for this coevolving usually introduced the dependence between these two processes by setting a lower but time-independent infection rate for individuals with awareness. However, a realistic scenario can be more complicated, as individual vigilance and the adopted protective measures may depend on the extent of the discussion on the disease, whereas individuals may be irrational or lack relevant knowledge, leading to improper measures being taken. These can introduce a time-varying dependence between epidemic dynamics and awareness prevalence and may weaken the effect of spreading awareness in containing a pandemic. To better understand this effect, we introduce a nonlinear dependence of the epidemic infection rate on awareness prevalence, focusing on the effect of different forms of dependence on the coevolving dynamics. We demonstrate that a positive correlation between vigilance and awareness prevalence can enhance the effect of information spreading in suppressing epidemics. However, this enhancement can be weakened if some individuals are irrational. Our results demonstrate the importance of rational behavior in the strategy of containing epidemics by propagation of disease information.

Are people aware of the link between alcohol and different types of Cancer?

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is causally linked to several different types of cancer, including breast, liver, and colorectal cancer. While prior studies have found low awareness of the overall alcohol-cancer link, few have examined how awareness differs for each type of cancer. Greater awareness of risks associated with alcohol use may be a key factor in reducing alcohol-related cancer incidence.MethodsWe surveyed 1759 people of legal drinking age at the 2019 Minnesota State Fair. We used multivariable generalized linear models and linear regression models with robust standard errors to investigate factors associated with alcohol-cancer risk awareness. Models were fit examining predictors of overall awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for cancer, and prevalence of awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for specific types of cancer.ResultsPrevalence of awareness varied by cancer type, with awareness of alcohol causing liver cancer having the highest prevalence (92%) and awareness of alcohol causing breast cancer having the lowest prevalence (38%). Factors associated with awareness of alcohol-cancer risk differed by type of cancer.ConclusionsIn general, awareness of the risk of alcohol for certain types of cancer was low to moderate, reflecting a need to inform people not only that alcohol increases risk of cancer, but which types of cancer are most highly associated alcohol.

To the issue of breastfeeding support: from theory to practice

Breastfeeding support is an important task of paediatric care. The high awareness of the female population about the importance of breastfeeding contributes to the formation of lactation dominant among women in the future. The level of information in support and recovery of breastfeeding (relaktation) in a motivated female audience has been studied. The readiness of women to use the additional feeding system, which simulates breastfeeding, to increase lactation and relation has been analysed. The study was conducted on the basis of the questionnaire results of 100 female students of the medical university, 56 paediatricians of the advanced training course, as well as 56 maternity women on 2–5 days after childbirth. Previously, students at a high scientific and practical level were informed about the disadvantages of artificial nutrition and the benefits of breastfeeding, including from the perspective of modern scientific research into the components of breast milk as living tissue. The doctors’ questionnaire was preceded by a practical lesson and a lecture on breastfeeding support and possible ways of relation. The participation of all the respondents in the study was exclusively voluntary. In the student and medical environment, the prevalence of awareness in the formation of a high commitment to breastfeeding has been revealed. In contrast, in a group of maternity women with a high level of lactation dominant, a single notification of relacement and the application of an additional Medela SNS feeding system did not achieve the desired indicators of motivation for breast feeding.

Dyslipidemia prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in Mexico: results of the Ensanut 2012.

To describe in a national sample 1) the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidemias 2) the prevalence of dyslipidemias through previous national surveys. We analyzed data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012, a representative cross-sectional study. Serum samples of 9 566 adults ≥20 years old with fasting ≥8 hours were analyzed for lipid fractions. Age-adjusted prevalences were calculated, by sociodemographic variables. Prevalence of awareness, treatment and control was estimated. A description of the dyslipidemia prevalence reported in previous surveys is reported. Hypoalphalipoproteinemia and elevated LDL-C are the most prevalent dyslipidemias in Mexican adults. One in four adults had hypercholesterolemia at the moment of the interview without previous diagnosis. Awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidemia were 12.6, 3.7 and 3.1%, respec- tively. Dyslipidemias are the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in Mexico. Public policies to increase awareness, access to therapy and sustained control are urgently needed.

Cross Sectional Study to Assess Knowledge about Health Effect of Tobacco Use &amp; Tobacco User’s Quitting Attitude among Rural Senior Citizens

Background Phenomenon of “population graying” became a matter of apprehension for stake holders today. Exposure to various insecurities has made Senior citizens’s life more difficult. Health issues &amp; co-morbidities are major concern in this age. Tobacco use is one of the major risk factor for many diseases.&#x0D; Methodology-Cross sectional community based study was conducted on 500 senior citizens of a block of rural field practice area of a teaching hospital with the objectives of to assess the awareness about health effects of tobacco &amp; quitting attitude among tobacco users. Data was collected with the help of proforma &amp; analyzed with the help of spss -20.Chi square test was applied for showing significant association.&#x0D; Results- Prevalence of awareness regarding health effect of tobacco use was found to be 56.6%.Knowledge of health effects of smoking was significantly associated with age, sex, religion, marital status, literacy &amp; occupation. Prevalence of positive quitting attitude was found to be 35.4%.Positive quitting attitude was significantly associated with gender, literacy, occupation, knowledge regarding health effect of tobacco use &amp; type of tobacco use.&#x0D; Conclusion –Knowledge about health effect of tobacco use was found to be significantly associated with positive quitting attitude. In order to make aging healthy, deliberate sensitization &amp; effective public action plans are needed that can alter the adverse consequences of graying.

High blood pressure in Hispanics in the United States: a review.

To provide an overview of the available data on the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in various groups and segments of the Hispanic population; prevalence of awareness, treatment and control of HTN among Hispanics; and HTN-related disparities, through disproportionate effects on the Hispanic elderly, women, and young adults. Data on HTN in Hispanics has been lacking or aggregated and frequently not inclusive of certain groups of Hispanics but the available data do show a pattern of more prevalent HTN and HTN disparities among Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites. Hispanic adults have some of the highest prevalence of poorly controlled blood pressure compared with any other race-ethnic group in the United States. Further, the impact of the most recent iteration of the HTN guidelines among all segments of the Hispanic population has not been well studied. The most recent HTN guidelines will likely only further illuminate worsening HTN-related disparities among Hispanics. These findings suggest significant screening and treatment disparities must be addressed to reduce HTN risk among the Hispanic population.