Prevalence Of Androgenetic Alopecia Research Articles

Prevalence of Androgenetic Alopecia among Saudi Population

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects both men and women. Genetic susceptibility in men and women is characterized by the gradual miniaturization of hair roots with a specific easily recognized. It is the most prevalent trigger of hair loss in both genders. The development of AGA is generally gradual as the disease gradually worsens. With time, the overall number and severity of this form of hair loss increases. AGA affects both men and women, and both have a genetic susceptibility. With time, the overall number and severity of this form of hair loss increases. The most typical reason for hair loss in both genders is AGA. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected by the purposely constructed questionnaire. A questionnaire composed of demographic items and items related to AGA. SPSS version 20 software was used to analyze the data. The study was conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia; the ethical committee of King Khalid University approved the study. A convenience sampling method was used; data were collected from the general public in different regions of Saudi Arabia Sample size was 2200 respondents, and the response rate was 98% (out of 220 total samples, 2162) respondents. Results: In this study, there were 2200 total respondents; from that, 2162 participated, so the response rate was 98%. There were 1060 (49%) male participants and female participants numbered 1102 (51%). The Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.84. Out of 1060 male respondents, 479 (45.1%), while of 1102 females, 412 (37.4%) suffered from AGA. Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of AGA in male respondents was higher than in female respondents.

Epidemiology and disease burden of androgenetic alopecia in college freshmen in China: A population-based study.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the epidemiology and disease burden of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in college freshmen in China.MethodsThis population-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 9227 freshmen of two comprehensive universities in two cities of China (Changsha and Xiamen) from September 2018 to October 2018. Questionnaires covering basic issues, surrounding demographic information, history of diseases, living habits, comorbidities, etc. were completed online in a self-reported manner Dermatological examination was performed by certified dermatologists. The disease burden of AGA, which includes health-related quality of life, symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of depression and quality of sleep, was measured by EQ-5D-3L, PHQ-2, GAD-2 and PSQI, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of AGA in college freshmen in China was 5.3/1000. Male was significantly associated with higher prevalence of AGA (7.9/1000, P<0.01) while female with lower risk of AGA (OR = 0.29, P = 0.002). There was no significant association between BMI and AGA, nor predilection of AGA in the Han nationality or the other ethnic minorities. Annual household income or parental highest educational level exerted no significant influence on the prevalence of AGA. Rosacea (OR = 3.22, P = 0.019) was significantly associated with higher prevalence of AGA while acne seemed not to be related to AGA. The scores of EQ-5D, GAD-2, PHQ-2 and PSQI were not significantly different between students with and without AGA.ConclusionThe onset of AGA in Chinese college freshmen differ between genders and was significantly associated with rosacea.

Androgenetic Alopecia Among Hospital Staff: A Study of Prevalence, Types and a Comparison with General Population in a Secondary Hospital in China

PurposeThe aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) among hospital staff and compare it with the general population in dermatology.Subjects and MethodsWe carried out the study in a secondary hospital in China. We conducted face-to-face interviews with hospital staff and the outpatients and their accompanying persons (general population) visiting the dermatology clinic of the hospital. The severity of AGA was evaluated using the Hamilton–Norwood and Ludwig classifications.ResultsThere were 297 subjects in the hospital staff (105 men and 192 women) and 318 subjects in the general population (109 men and 209 women). The prevalence of AGA among male and female staff was 42.9% and 13.0%, respectively, and the corresponding rates among general male and female population were 27.5% and 8.1%, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference in the prevalence of AGA between female staff and general female population. Among male staff, type IV was the most common type of hair loss (17.1%), and type IVa and type Va were the least common (1.0%). Among female staff, type I (6.3%) was the most common type of hair loss, and type III and male pattern hair loss were the least common (1.0%). A positive family history was found in 53.3% of male and 44.0% of female staff with AGA.ConclusionThe prevalence of AGA in the male staff was higher than that in the general male population.

Androgenetic alopecia: Prevalence and clinical characteristics in a South-West Nigerian population

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a type of nonscarring alopecia with prevalence, pattern, and severity that have not been documented extensively in Nigeria and Africa. This study aimed to document AGA's prevalence and clinical characteristics among adults in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 260 consenting adults with AGA and 260 age- and sex-matched controls through a multistage sampling method. The survey for AGA was done using a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 20. Results: The overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%, with a gender prevalence of 24.88% and 5.06% for men and women, respectively. The mean age of AGA was 51.32 ± 16.31 years, with a range of 24–90 years and male-to-female ratio of 4.9:1. The prevalence of premature AGA was 0.38%. Grade II vertex (13.8%) and VI (10.4%) were the most frequent male androgenetic alopecia severity grades, while grade IVa was the least common. Ludwig I was the most frequent female androgenetic alopecia severity grade (7.7%), followed by Ludwig II (6.9%) and III (2.3%). The mixed type of baldness was the most common (73.6%) phenotype, followed by frontal (20.8%), and vertex (4.2%) in men. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%. The prevalence varies with location, age and gender with paternal family history as a significant risk factor. The mixed type of baldness is the most common phenotype.

Implications of cigarette smoking on early-onset androgenetic alopecia: A cross-sectional Study.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a condition affecting both males and females. Aims We aimed to assess the demographic and clinical features of early-onset AGA among smokers and nonsmokers and to evaluate whether prevalence of AGA was affected by smoking. One thousand (1000) healthy males aged between 20 and 35years not complaining of any local scalp condition and free of any mental illness were recruited for this study and divided into two groups of 500 each based on their smoking attitudes. Androgenetic alopecia was classified according to the Hamilton baldness scale, and trichoscopy was used to confirm the diagnosis of AGA. A designed questionnaire to determine basic physical and smoking habits completed and results was interpreted and analyzed. The majority of smokers (425) had a form of AGA, while only (200) nonsmokers had a degree of AGA (P<.01). Of the smokers group, 235 (47%) had grade III AGA and 120 subjects (24%) had grade IV AGA. In the nonsmokers group, 100 subjects (20%) had grade II AGA and 50 subjects (10%) had either grade III or IV AGA. The prevalence of AGA among smokers was statistically higher than among nonsmokers, while severity of AGA was not associated with the intensity of smoking. Nicotine and its derivative cotinine might be responsible for accelerating AGA progress pending further validation.

Prevalence, severity and associated factor of androgenetic alopecia in the dermatology outpatient clinic: A retrospective study

Introduction and Objectives: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a patterned hair loss that occurs due to systemic androgen and genetic factors. In both genders, it is the most common cause of hair loss. Individual affected by AGA is suffering from social stigma, psychological distress and emotional misery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of androgenetic alopecia in the Indian population. Additionally, we have studied the association of family history, accompanying systemic diseases, body mass index [BMI], alcohol consumption and smoking, menstrual cycle and hyperandrogenemia with androgenetic alopecia in patients who were referred to our outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: The study included patients who referred to our clinic from November 2016 to October 2017. A total of 210 patients suffering from AGA were included in the study. To evaluate the factors associated with AGA, a control group (non-AGA group, 50 patients) was organized. The diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia was made upon clinical findings only. Patient’s age, gender, weight, height, the pattern of hair loss, the history of other systemic diseases, family history of AGA, concomitant hyperandrogenemia symptoms, alcohol consumption and smoking habits have been reported. Details regarding the menstrual cycle have been recorded in women. Results: The prevalence of androgenetic alopecia was 79% in men and 21% in women. Type I and II were the most common type in men, and grade I was in women. In men, AGA prevalence (Men: n=166, r =0.728, P =.164) was positively correlated with age but, a statistically significant difference could not be obtained and, severity was positively correlated with age (n=166, r =0.174, P =.025). While, in women, prevalence (n=44, r =0.020, P =.975) and severity (n=44, r =0.090, P =.575) was not correlated with age. In the multivariate model, family history ( OR : 16.86, 95% CI : 5.14-55.30, P =.000) was statistically significant covariat

Early onset androgenetic alopecia in men and associated risk factors: a hospital based study

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss affecting up to 80% of the men. It manifests mostly after puberty and is evident by the age of 30. Nowadays the onset of AGA is much earlier and most of them develop AGA in early twenties. Risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and prevalence of AGA in the family are considered to contribute to the early onset. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of and to determine risk factors for AGA in adult males.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 103 patients above 18 years of age attending the dermatology OPD were included in the study. Epidemiological data was collected using a standard questionnaire.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; In the study population, 68% patients were in the age group 21-30 years. No association was noted between smoking and the age of onset of AGA. An early age of onset was associated in patients with history of alcohol consumption (73.3%). Prevalence of familial AGA was seen in 68% and had a paternal inheritance (62.8%) more than maternal (8.6%). Associated systemic diseases were seen in 12.6% of the patients and hypertension was the most common.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; AGA is a very common presenting complaint in the younger population. The early onset of AGA itself causes anxiety and apprehension in the patients that further contribute to the hair loss. The presence of a family history in the patients’ needs for an early management of the disorder. Environmental factors like smoking and alcohol consumption thought to play a role in the aetiology of the disease. &lt;/p&gt;

Male baldness; association with coronary artery disease?

Male baldness; association with coronary artery disease?

Prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in China: a community-based study in six cities

There are racial differences in the prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The prevalence of AGA has been studied in Caucasians and in some Asian people. In China, although there have been some epidemiological studies carried out in single cities or regions, no multicentre population-based study has been reported. To study the prevalence and types of AGA in China and to compare the results with those previously reported in Caucasians and in other Asian people. A community-based study was carried out in six cities of China. Subjects were interviewed face-to-face and completed questionnaires. The degree of AGA was classified according to the Norwood and Ludwig classifications. In total 17 886 subjects were interviewed and 15 257 completed the questionnaires. In men, the overall prevalence of AGA was 21.3%, with 2.8% in men aged 18-29 years, 13.3% in those aged 30-39 years, 21.4% in those aged 40-49 years, 31.9% in those aged 50-59 years, 36.2% in those aged 60-69 years and 41.4% in those aged 70 years and over. The most common type was frontal and vertex hair loss. A small number of subjects (3.7%) showed 'female pattern' hair loss. In women, the prevalence of AGA was 6.0%, with 1.3% in women aged 18-29 years, 2.3% in those aged 30-39 years, 5.4% in those aged 40-49 years, 7.5% in those aged 50-59 years, 10.3% in those aged 60-69 years and 11.8% in those aged 70 years and over. Ludwig grade I was the most common type. The prevalence of AGA varied between cities. A positive family history was present in 29.7% of men and 19.2% of women with AGA. The prevalence of AGA in Chinese men and women was lower than in Caucasians and similar to that in Koreans.

Prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia in Shanghai, China: a community-based study

There are ethnic differences in the prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Although there have been several reports on the prevalence and types of AGA in caucasian and Asian populations, there are very few data on a Chinese population that have been derived from a sufficient number of samples. To estimate the prevalence and types of AGA in a Chinese population, and to compare the results with those in caucasians and Koreans reported previously in the literature. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 7056 subjects (3519 men and 3537 women) from May 2006 to December 2006 in a community of Shanghai. Questionnaires were completed during face-to-face interviews at the subjects' homes. The degree of AGA was classified according to the Norwood and Ludwig classifications. The prevalence of AGA in Chinese men was 19.9%, and the prevalence of female pattern AGA in men was 0.1%. The most common type in men was type III vertex (3.5%). The prevalence of AGA in women was 3.1%, while male pattern AGA was found in those aged over 50 years (0.4%), and the most common type was type I (Ludwig classification) (1.4%). A family history of AGA was present in 55.8% of men and 32.4% of women with AGA. The prevalence of AGA in Chinese men was lower than in caucasian men but was similar to that in Korean men; however, over the age of 60 years it was approaching that in caucasian men but was higher than that in Korean men. The most common type in Chinese men with AGA was type III vertex. Interestingly, the prevalence of AGA in Chinese women was lower than that in Korean women and caucasian women, and type I was the most common type (Ludwig classification).

Male pattern androgenetic alopecia in an Indian context: a perspective study

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has received scant attention, despite it being a common entity that may result in significant psychosocial morbidity. There are some patients who do not fit into any of the proposed types. Moreover, there have been no published studies of pattern and prevalence of AGA in males in an Indian context. Hence, the present study was an attempt to classify AGA in males with the aim of producing a simple, effective and easily reproducible classification. In total, 150 male patients were clinically diagnosed as AGA. After obtaining informed consent from all patients, a detailed history/examination was carried out, including a hair pull test, a trichogram investigation and a biopsy. Classification of AGA was subsequently attempted across Norwood guidelines. A gradual shift in the type of AGA from the earlier types (II and III) to more severe types (VI) with increasing age was significant. Twenty-seven patients did not fit into specific patterns according to Hamilton and Norwood classifications. In addition, type 'a' variant was recorded in 20% of patients, clearly indicating limitations of the existing classifications. It was possible to classify 80% of the AGA, with II (28%) and III (15%) being the most common types of AGA. Twenty-seven patients (18%) could not be classified as a significant finding. There was considerable overlap in types IV, V and VI in the Norwood classification with the 'a' variants further confusing the picture.

Prevalence of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss in Maryborough

Maryborough, in central Victoria has an approximate population of 8000 and census data is well matched for Australia overall. Australia has compulsory voting and registration on the electoral roll. To determine the age-related prevalence of balding among men and women in Maryborough we conducted a postal survey of 5000 men and women aged 20 or older, and 427 were invited to attend for examination. Additional data was collected on dandruff, presence of gray hair. Supplementary questionnaires were sent to 340 children aged 5-9, attending a coeducational primary school. 1456 adults (34.1%) responded to the questionnaire. 396 attended for examination. The prevalence of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) increased with advancing age. 98.6% of men had bitemporal recession and severity was significantly associated with vertex and mid-frontal hair loss (p <0.01) but not age (p = 0.06). In all, 64.4% of women had bitemporal hair loss, and similar to men there was a significant association with mid-frontal hair loss (p =0.042) but not age (p =0.467). One hundred and forty children with completed questionnaires were examined. All 72 females and 68 males were assessed as stage 1 on the mid-line part and with no bitemporal recession (frequency stage 1 = 100%, 95% CI (confidence interval) 97.4%-100%). A significant but weak positive association existed between presence of gray hair and history of dandruff (p<0.01). The prevalence of mid-frontal hair loss increases with age and affects 57% of women and 73.5% of men aged 80 and over.

The prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia in Korean men and women

There are racial differences in the prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). There have been several reports on the prevalence and types of AGA in the general population of caucasians, but few studies on Koreans with samples of sufficient numbers have been reported. To obtain a more precise estimate of the prevalence and types of AGA in Korean men and women and to compare the results with those in caucasians. The prevalence and types of AGA were analysed in 10,132 Koreans (5531 men and 4601 women) who had visited the Health Examination Centre at Kyung Hee University Hospital for regular health examinations between December 1997 and July 1999. To classify the degree of hair loss for each subject, the Norwood classification was used in men and the Ludwig classification in women. For AGA in men, 'female pattern' was added to the Norwood classification. In Korean men, the prevalence of AGA (Norwood III or above) at all ages was 14.1%. It increased steadily with advancing age, but was lower than that of caucasians: 2.3% in the third decade, 4.0% in the fourth decade, 10.8% in the fifth decade, 24.5% in the sixth decade, 34.3% in the seventh decade and 46.9% over 70 years. Type III vertex involvement was the most common type in the third decade to the seventh decade; over 70 years, type VI was most common. A 'female pattern' was observed in 11.1% of cases. In Korean women, the prevalence of AGA (Ludwig I or above) at all ages was 5.6%. It also increased steadily with advancing age: 0.2% in the third decade, 2.3% in the fourth decade, 3.8% in the fifth decade, 7.4% in the sixth decade, 11.7% in the seventh decade and 24.7% over 70 years. Grade I was the most common type up to the sixth decade; over 60 years, grade I and II were similar in prevalence. Grade III (total baldness) was not observed. A family history of baldness was present in 48.5% of men and 45.2% of women with AGA. The prevalence of AGA in Korean men and women was lower than that in caucasians, as recorded in the literature. Korean men tend to have more frontal hairline preservation and show a more 'female pattern' of hair thinning than caucasians. Therefore, 'female pattern' should be added to the classification of AGA.

The psychological effects of androgenetic alopecia in men

Despite the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia among men, little is known about its psychological effects. This investigation examined the psychosocial sequelae that balding men attribute to hair loss and compared balding and nonbalding men in personality functioning. Subjects included 63 men with modest balding, 40 men with more extensive balding, and 42 nonbalding controls. All anonymously completed a battery of standardized psychological measures. Reported effects of balding reflected considerable preoccupation, moderate stress or distress, and copious coping efforts. These effects were especially salient among men with more extensive balding and among younger men, single men, and those with an earlier hair-loss onset. Relative to controls, balding men had less body-image satisfaction yet were comparable on other personality indexes. Personality correlates of the psychological responses to hair loss were identified. Although most men regard hair loss to be an unwanted, distressing experience that diminishes their body image, balding men actively cope and generally retain the integrity of their personality functioning.

Aetiology and pathophysiology of hair loss.

The prevalence of androgenetic alopecia has not been accurately recorded but it is probably true that, at least in caucasoid races, some degree of transformation of terminal to vellus hair follicles on the vertex from puberty onwards is a universal phenomenon in both sexes, although androgenetic alopecia in women more often assumes a diffuse form. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of ordinary baldness is far from complete but a genetic predisposition is necessary and androgen production must be present. In general it can be concluded that whatever the level of circulating androgens, free or total, the major genetic factor must reside in the end-organ response- in this case follicular receptivity and reactivity to the androgens delivered to the papilla/matrix unit. The pathophysiology of common baldness is strictly a misnomer as used in clinical practice since only rarely does it signify endocrine disease or other than normal physiological loss. In many patients the problem posed is essentially psychological and this aspect may be so predominant as to cause psychiatric disease.