Prestigious Scientific Journals Research Articles

Fundamental problems in the peer‐review process and stakeholders' perceptions of potential suggestions for improvement

AbstractAcademic papers are essential for researchers to communicate their work to their peers and industry experts. Quality research is published in prestigious scientific journals, and is considered as part of the hiring and promotion criteria at leading universities. Scientific journals conduct impartial and anonymous peer reviews of submitted manuscripts; however, individuals involved in this process may encounter issues related to the duration, impartiality, and transparency of these reviews. To explore these concerns, we created a questionnaire based on a comprehensive review of related literature and expert opinions, which was distributed to all stakeholders (authors, reviewers, and editors) who participated in the peer‐review process from a variety of countries and disciplines. Their opinions on the primary issues during the process and suggestions for improvement were collected. The data were then analysed based on various groups, such as gender, country of residence, and contribution type, using appropriate multivariate statistical techniques to determine the perceptions and experiences of participants in the peer‐review process. The results showed that unethical behaviour was not uncommon and that editors and experienced reviewers encountered it more frequently. Women and academics from Türkiye were more likely to experience ethical violations and perceived them as more ethically severe. Incentives and stakeholder involvement were seen as ways to enhance the quality and impartiality of peer review. The scale developed can serve as a useful tool for addressing difficulties in the peer‐review process and improving its effectiveness and performance.

Eiji Nagasawa: The Journey of Academic Excellence and Achievement

Eiji Nagasawa is a prominent Japanese scientist in the fields of technology and engineering. He grew up in Japan in an environment that encouraged academic achievement and innovation. Since childhood, he showed remarkable excellence in scientific subjects such as mathematics and physics, which led him to enroll in a prestigious Japanese university to study electrical engineering. He continued his education, obtaining both a master's and a Ph.D., specializing in the development of electrical power systems and communication technologies. After completing his studies, Nagasawa became a university professor and conducted numerous innovative research projects that were published in prestigious scientific journals. His academic contributions have helped improve modern technology, making him an influential figure in his field.

Study on the mechanism of multidimensional cutting teeth and the influencing factors of rock breaking efficiency.

The innovative cutting mechanism of multi-dimensional teeth presents a groundbreaking approach to drill bit design, particularly optimizing drilling efficiency in challenging geological formations such as interlayers and gravel-rich layers within the Changqing Oilfield. Nevertheless, compared to conventional flat-tooth PDC drill bits, several aspects of the cutting mechanism and design parameters for multi-dimensional teeth require further elucidation. This article employs a linear cutting finite element model to establish cutting models for traditional flat teeth and two distinct types of multi-dimensional teeth, designated as Ridge and Benz. It systematically investigates the influence of varying cutting parameters on the effectiveness of rock-crushing within the multi-dimensional tooth-cutting mechanism. This study conducts laboratory-based single-tooth rock-crushing experiments to validate the numerical simulation results. Furthermore, applying principles derived from soil plastic mechanics contrasts the stress states experienced by rocks during the rock-crushing process between multi-dimensional teeth and conventional flat teeth, shedding light on the rock-crushing mechanism employed by multi-dimensional teeth. This research categorizes PDC cutting teeth on the drill bit into two groups: those near the center and those near the outer shoulder. A linear cutting model for teeth positioned near the outer shoulder is developed to analyze the impacts of different rake angles, side clearance angles, and welding errors on the tooth helix angle and the rock-crushing efficiency of the Benz tooth. This comprehensive study is a valuable reference for tailored drill bit design and holds potential for publication in a prestigious scientific journal.

60 Years of Michigan Plastic Surgery.

In 1964, the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Michigan opened its doors to future surgeons and leaders in the field. Today, we are celebrating the 60-year history of the program and its significant contributions to the field. Beginning under the leadership of Reed O. Dingman, MD, DDS, the program began with three faculty members and two independent surgical residents. Since that time, it has expanded dramatically to include 24 faculty members and 28 integrated plastic surgery residents. The goals of the program have always been to achieve excellence in all three of our academic missions including clinical care, teaching, and research. Annually, the program sees an average of 35,000 outpatient clinic visits, 4,000 major operations, 200 peer-reviewed publications, $5,000,000 in research spending, and residents who are well trained and highly competitive for fellowships of their choosing every single year. Through scientific collaborations, academic exchanges, and medical missions, the program's influence has spread beyond Michigan, reaching the entire world. In addition to training world-renowned surgeons, Michigan's faculty and graduates have assumed leadership roles in prestigious professional organizations, scientific journals, and research foundations. In this article, we explore the roots of the program and reflect on six decades of impact, innovation, and inspiration.

A scientist from Türkiye was selected for the first time...

Üsküdar University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry Prof. Nesrin Kartal Özer has been elected as the editor of two important internationally prestigious scientific journals.

Epistemología y ontología en Ciencia: el reto de la Inteligencia Artificial

The gap between predictability and comprehensibility threatens the entire scientific project because mathematical models of processes, fed by enormous amounts of data of very diverse origin, provide exceptionally precise results but, at the same time, hide the explanation of the processes. The knowledge of “what we know” of ontology is as relevant in science as that of “how we know” and “how much we know” of epistemology. Artificial intelligence (AI) involves the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying intelligent thought and behavior, as well as their embodiment in machines trained by their creators to reason in a conventional sense. Its “weak” formulation refers to the use of complex computer programs, designed with the purpose of complementing or assisting human reasoning to solve or complete complex problems of calculation, system maintenance, recognition of all types of images, design, analysis of data patterns, etc., many of which would be practically unapproachable using conventional procedures; but all this without including human sentient or ethical capabilities, which would be the subject of a – at the moment – non-existent “strong” AI, that would equal or even exceed human sentient intelligence. The popularization of “generative” AI, developed to create content – text, images, music or videos, among many other areas – from previous information, is helping to popularly consolidate the erroneous idea that current AI exceeds reasoning human level and exacerbates the risk of transmitting false information and negative stereotypes to people. The language models of artificial intelligence do not work by emulating a biological brain but are based on the search for logical patterns from large databases from diverse sources, which are not always updated or purged of falsehoods, errors or errors. conceptual or factual biases, both involuntary and self-serving. And the AI used in science is no stranger to these limitations and biases. A particularly sensitive issue is the possibility of using generative AI to write or even invent scientific articles that go unnoticed by the peer reviewers of the most prestigious scientific journals in the world, pointing to an even deeper problem: peer reviewers. Reviewers often do not have the time to review manuscripts thoroughly for red flags and, in many cases, they also lack adequate computing resources and specialized training.

Life on Mars (LoMars): History, advances, current research, and perspectives

A quest for life on Mars (LoMars) started in the early 1960s when the most prestigious scientific journals published several research articles. According to Elsevier’s Scopus database, the rise in annual literature production started in the late 1990s, most likely associated with the launch of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) first rover, Sojourner, in 1996. The number of articles on Mars will likely continue to rise sharply, given that the launch and landing of the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover are critical to discovering and understanding the present or past life on the planet. Thus far, the USA has dominated in the number of citations and collaborations related to Mars research, given its facilities equipped with relevant infrastructure and researchers’ capacity to explore the Solar System beyond Earth. Most of these frequently cited papers report observational and theoretical research results. However, a highly cited article is based on analytical studies of a unique Martian meteorite (i.e., Allan Hills 84001) found in Antarctica. It is expected that the future sample return mission associated with the Perseverance Rover caching system could increase the LoMars research exponentially in the coming decades if Martian samples are successfully brought to Earth. Based on the total number of publications on LoMars, the most influential institute, the author, and the journal are Caltech, C.P. McKay, and Icarus, respectively. Both the institute and the author are directly affiliated with NASA, indicating the leadership offered by the organization in LoMars research.

The Contextual Analysis of HRM Practices in Multinational Companies in the Czech Republic

This paper aims to analyze the current state of the Czech Republic’s socioeconomic environment and the HRM practices of MNCs. The Contextual Analysis was made by using data records from 2015 to 2020 from the Czech Statistical Office, Santander Trade’s website, and CzechInvest. By using Hofstede’s six dimensions, the Czech Republic was compared with its neighbor countries: Germany, Poland, and Slovakia. Literature review was done by using articles from the prestigious scientific journals. The study found that the Czech Republic is an attractive foreign investment market because of the followings: it has one of Europe's most strategic geographical locations. Its excellent infrastructure contributes to the Czech Republic's positioning as an important crossroads for European business corridors; its FDI policies and investor-friendly regulations, which offer a number of advantages for foreign investors; and its socioeconomic environment, which is also suitable for the establishment of new businesses in the country. At the end, the study recommends further research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on MNCs, FDI, and the Czech Republic’s policies on how to eliminate these effects.

Llamamiento a adoptar medidas urgentes para limitar los aumentos de temperatura en el mundo, restablecer la diversidad biológica y proteger la salud

This article is published as an initiative organized by the UK Health Alliance on Climate Change (UKHACC) through the Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) and the members of the Latin American Working Group on Climate Change and Health. The call has a double aim: on the one hand, that world leaders agree on the necessary changes for global temperature rise to be kept below 1.5°C; on the other hand, that health professionals become more relevant in the global discussion on climate crisis and biodiversity loss. This call takes place within the context of the next United Nations General Assembly starting on 14th September 2021 and the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), which will be held this year in Glasgow. This article, mainly co-authored by editors of 18 prestigious scientific journals that are broadly representative of the continents and health disciplines across the world, has been simultaneously published in more than 200 international scientific journals (https://www.bmj.com/content/full-list-authors-and-signatories-climate-emergency-editorial-september-2021). Revista Argentina de Salud Publica takes part in the joint initiative by publishing the Spanish version of the article, in order to spread its content in the countries of the region. Moreover the editorial expresses the need to restore biodiversity and protect health, while high-income countries must further cut their carbon emissions and provide funds to low- and middle-income countries. It also urges governments to intervene to support the redesign of transport systems, cities, production and distribution of food, markets for financial investments, health systems, and much more, which can realise vast positive health benefits.

How to publish in pediatrics journals with impact factor: Role of open access journals

To publish articles in prestigious scientific journals is not a simple task, particularly because of three main reasons: the difficulty for designing and performing competitive and high quality research, the high rates of rejection in most high-impact journals, and the absence of systematized training in the methodology of biomedical publications in the curricular programs. If to this is added the progressive complexity of the instructions for authors and the formal requirements that most journals impose, it is logical that there is discouragement among potential authors. On the other hand, the pressure and the demand for authorship of scientific articles to be able to get academic and professional positions of a certain level are increasing. However, what at first glance seems a gloomy perspective, it is not so much if some key aspects related to the structure and writing of manuscripts and the systematics of the editorial process of the journals are known and applied, which, in short, continue being in force since the aphorism «publish or perish» became popular at the beginning of the last century. As described in this article, the steps to follow are straightforward, logical, and interrelated, so getting off to a good start and completing the various stages properly and in the right order always represents a clear advantage in ensuring the final success of having your paper accepted.

How to publish in pediatrics journals with impact factor: Role of open access journals

To publish articles in prestigious scientific journals is not a simple task, particularly because of three main reasons: the difficulty for designing and performing competitive and high quality research, the high rates of rejection in most high-impact journals, and the absence of systematized training in the methodology of biomedical publications in the curricular programs. If to this is added the progressive complexity of the instructions for authors and the formal requirements that most journals impose, it is logical that there is discouragement among potential authors. On the other hand, the pressure and the demand for authorship of scientific articles to be able to get academic and professional positions of a certain level are increasing. However, what at first glance seems a gloomy perspective, it is not so much if some key aspects related to the structure and writing of manuscripts and the systematics of the editorial process of the journals are known and applied, which, in short, continue being in force since the aphorism «publish or perish» became popular at the beginning of the last century. As described in this article, the steps to follow are straightforward, logical, and interrelated, so getting off to a good start and completing the various stages properly and in the right order always represents a clear advantage in ensuring the final success of having your paper accepted.

КОММУНИКАЦИОННАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ НАУЧНЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ В МЕДИАСРЕДЕ: ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД

Modern business approaches to promoting projects are being integrated into world science, so today scientific communicators become producers of scientific projects involved in promoting the project at the start. Professional communicators specializing in promoting scientific projects evaluate the project for the scientific community in terms of advanced scientific trends and the possibility of publishing the results of the work in prestigious scientific journals; for government authorities or businesses from the standpoint of applying the research results and assessing the prospects for investment. A huge number of daily published scientific papers makes it impossible to get acquainted with all of them, so there are so-called trends that need to be monitored: scientific conferences are devoted to trends today, which are set by trendsetters, leaders in a particular scientific field. The development of a high-quality algorithm for increasing the «weight» of a scientist is becoming more and more urgent. New methodologies make qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the scientist's expert opinion in the media environment and show the communication effectiveness of positioning (all mentions on all platforms are taken into account, considering the influence of the site and the involvement of a particular expert message). Placing publications in business media allows scientists to get feedback from stakeholders, and helps stakeholders to highlight cutting-edge research trends, channel financial resources in the right direction, combine scientific work with patent data, which, in turn, will facilitate analysing and forecasting commercialization of scientific results, etc. A trigger introduced into the media sphere by the scientific communicator has a certain ability to mediatize, which multiplies the next trigger and makes it possible to increase the efficiency of promoting a scientific project, contribute to the accumulation of a scientist's reputation capital and optimize the possibility of funding. This article analyzes the media promotion of a research institute project and evaluates its effectiveness.

Early Career Psychiatrists Form Global Collaboration to Take on Pandemic

Early Career Psychiatrists Form Global Collaboration to Take on Pandemic

Branding Spin-Off Scholarly Journals: Transmuting Symbolic Capital into Economic Capital

In this article, we analyse a relatively recent commercial strategy used by large academic publishers to capitalize on the brand names of their most prestigious scientific journals. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s model of capital conversion, we explain how publishers transfer the symbolic capital of an already prestigious journal to derivative journals that share in the prestige of the original brand and transform it into new economic capital. As shown by their high impact factors, these newly created journals benefit from the name recognition and reputation of the originals after which they are named. Plus, through a manuscript routing mechanism, the publishers recycle some of the submissions rejected by their highly selective flagship journal by redirecting those manuscripts, along with their reviews, to derivative journals or to one of the lower-impact journals on their list, which may require an article processing charge for publication.

UTILITY AND IMPACT OF QR CODES AND BARCODES IN SCHOLARLY JOURNALS

In 1994 a squared two-dimensional barcode was invented by Toyota Company which changed and speed up the concept of tracking and identification. They chose its name QR which stands for Quick Response code. Quick Response codes can convey data such as show a geographical location, make a phone call, link to a simple text, link to a website or template email, access to a portable document format (PDF), display an image, link and download a specific application on a mobile device or Wi-Fi login. Academic journal leaders should notice that QR code as a unique shaped matrix code is increasingly being used by prestigious publishers and scientific journals. But has been ignored by eastern scientific journals and academic institutes for many years. As the author checked all English Iranian journals, no Iranian academic publication or publisher has and uses QR code or even barcode on their websites or on their journal covers till 16 Dec 2019. In this review, the author aimed to explore the use of QR codes specifically for academic publications, identify perceptions towards their use and any information that has been encountered during implementation.

Frontloading selectivity: A third way in scientific publishing?

Prestigious scientific journals traditionally decide which articles to accept at least partially based on the results of research. This backloaded selectivity enforces publication bias and encourages authors to selectively report their most persuasive findings, even when they are misleading, biased, and unreliable. One answer to backloaded selectivity is to curtail editorial selectivity altogether, deciding publication on the basis of technical merit alone. However, this strategy is unlikely to win appeal among highly selective journals. A third way is to frontload selectivity—reaching editorial decisions based on rigorous evaluation of the research question and methodology but before the research is conducted and thus regardless of the eventual results. This model, now offered at PLOS Biology in the form of “Preregistered Research Articles” (or Registered Reports), allows a scientific journal to maintain high selectivity for the importance and rigor of research while simultaneously eliminating outcome bias by editors, reviewers, and authors. I believe the rise of Registered Reports among selective journals will change how research is evaluated and may trigger the realization that frontloaded selectivity is the most secure way of advancing knowledge.

Does newspapers coverage influence the citations count of scientific publications? An analysis of biomedical studies

Scientific results traditionally disseminate to the scientific community via scientific journals. Studies’ importance is assessed through the number of citations in those journals. The medialization concept postulates an increasing orientation of science towards the mass media. Here, taking up this concept, we hypothesized that if science is indeed medialized, studies reported in newspaper will receive a higher number of citations. Three studies, focusing on publications in a few prestigious scientific journals and a single year, already concluded towards a citation’s advantage for studies featured in the press. Here, we analyzed the citation counts of 496 biomedical studies published between 1988 and 2013 in 38 distinct peer-reviewed journals with impact factors ranging from 5 to 51.7. To disentangle the effects of the impact factor and of the media coverage on the citation counts, we associated studies covered in English-speaking newspapers with similar studies (i.e. on the same subject published the same year and in the same scientific journal) not reported in the press. We confirmed that, for the whole period, studies reported in newspapers received on average more citations. Comparing across three impact factor levels, we showed that the citations’ advantage was more pronounced for lower impact factors (IF < 10). Among studies published in high impact factor journals (IF ≥ 30), only those covered by at least 10 newspapers articles received a higher citation’ count. Finally, coverage in influential newspapers leads to a stronger citation advantage. These observations raise concerns about the influence of the media on the research communication and dissemination.

Anthropometric characteristics of rhythmic gymnasts

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In esthetic sports, such as rhythmic gymnastics, body size and body composition can directly affect performance and outcome. The aim of this study was to identify anthropometric characteristics and to notice their impact on the prediction of higher performance in rhythmic gymnastics. For the needs of this review, scientific literature was analyzed from prestigious scientific journals. This systematic review included available data from the following databases: Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, Europe PMC and research databases. Studies with the following criteria were included: anthropometric characteristics, profile or status and somatic constitution, body composition, somatotypes and morphological models, factors influencing performance and the level of the performance (reliability), and being published in English and Serbian language. Out of total 52 studies, reviewed 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the findings of the present study it could be concluded that anthropometric characteristics are an important item on the basis of which talent identification, sports selection and programming of training and nutrition plan is performed.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Reseña de Cities in global capitalism

El geógrafo italiano, de origen napolitano, Ugo Rossi ha publicado una monografía sobre las ciudades en el capitalismo global en la editorial Polity Press. Tras una brillante labor investigadora, con múltiples artículos en revistas científicas de prestigio, y docente, con estancias en diferentes universidades europeas, desarrollando su labor principal en la de Turín, y estadounidenses, Rossi ha elaborado una magna obra teórica de Geografía Urbana. De hecho, una primera circunstancia que llama la atención es el exclusivo carácter teórico del libro, dado que no hay ni una sola figura o tabla ni tampoco la más mínima cartografía.

Spin and Overinterpretation in Test Evaluation

Researchers sometimes cannot avoid the tendency to report a completed study with a slanted presentation or a generous interpretation of the study findings. This can result from an explicit strategy, or happen unintentionally, to increase the perceived chances of being accepted by a prestigious scientific journal.