Pressure In Adolescents Research Articles

IntroductionEvidence suggests that hypertension in adulthood may have its origins in childhood and adolescence. In this context, previous studies have demonstrated an association between lifestyle behaviors and nutritional status, both of which are linked to elevated blood pressure.ObjectiveTo examine the association between sociodemographic factors, subjective perception of health, lifestyle behaviors, anthropometric measurements, and cardiometabolic health markers with blood pressure in a sample of Brazilian adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 273 adolescents (56% girls), aged 14–20 years, from Rio Branco, Acre, Amazon Region of Brazil. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires and direct measurements, including anthropometric indices, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and blood pressure. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression models. Linear regression, adjusted by all variables, including dimension (sub-category) and age, was used to verify if the independent variables were associated with elevated blood pressure among adolescents.ResultsSignificant associations were observed between elevated blood pressure and the male sex (OR = 2.56; 95% CI [1.11–5.86], p = 0.026) and rural residency (OR = 3.65; 95% CI [1.44–9.21], p = 0.006). Aerobic activity presented a significant association with elevated blood pressure (OR = 8.04; 95% CI [1.04–61.65], p = 0.045). Waist circumference increased the likelihood of elevated blood pressure (OR = 5.43; 95% CI [1.34–21.94], p = 0.018). Cardiometabolic markers, such as fasting glucose, demonstrated a significant association with elevated blood pressure (OR = 2.43; 95% CI [1.00–5.90], p = 0.048). No significant associations were found for muscle-strengthening activity, screen time, sleep duration, or food intake.ConclusionOur findings emphasize the crucial role of sociodemographic factors, especially the male sex and rural residency, in predicting elevated blood pressure among adolescents. Adolescents who perform the recommended amount of aerobic activity and who present acceptable fasting glucose values during adolescence are less likely to present high blood pressure. Waist circumference together with other anthropometric measurements might be a useful indicator for screening elevated blood pressure risk. These findings highlight the necessity for early detection, targeted interventions, and personalized strategies to reduce the hypertension risk and improve cardiometabolic health in the young population.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are multifactorial conditions affecting the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints, often exacerbated by psychosocial stressors such as academic pressure in adolescents. Emerging evidence suggests that magnesium plays a critical physiological role in neuromuscular regulation and stress modulation, but its therapeutic efficacy in TMD management remains underexplored. Methods: A clinical study was conducted involving 100 adolescents diagnosed with TMDs, divided into two equal groups (n = 50 each). Group A received a conventional treatment comprising NSAIDs and muscle relaxants, along with a physiology-based magnesium supplementation regimen (400 mg elemental magnesium daily for 30 days), while Group B received only the conventional treatment. Baseline and post-treatment assessments included serum magnesium levels, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, and academic stress scores. Data were analysed using paired and independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, and confidence intervals to compare intra- and inter-group changes. Results: Group A showed a significant reduction in academic stress (from 27.81 ± 3.48 to 24.15 ± 3.62, p = 0.046), accompanied by a substantial reduction in pain intensity (VAS score from 6.42 ± 0.98 to 2.44 ± 0.85, p < 0.001) and increase in serum magnesium levels (from 0.673 ± 0.028 to 0.744 ± 0.035 mmol/L) compared to Group B. Group B had a modest decrease in pain (to 4.36 ± 0.79) with no significant change in magnesium. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that as magnesium levels increase, academic stress decreases, thereby contributing to a reduction in TMD-related pain. Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation was more effective when combined with conventional treatment than conventional therapy alone in reducing TMD pain and improving magnesium levels. These findings suggest that academic stress and magnesium deficiency together may improve TMD management in adolescents.

Background. Coffee is a drink that the Indonesian people have long favored. Coffee can affect blood pressure because polyphenols and potassium lower blood pressure, while caffeine increases blood pressure. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that by 2025, 1.5 billion people in the world will suffer from hypertension per year. Blood pressure in adolescents who experience hypertension can have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, not only that the more severe hypertension experienced in adolescents can lead to a fairly severe risk of complications such as heart attack, stroke, and coronary artery disease. Objective. This study aims to provide broad insights related to nutrition and hopes that our education can at least change the mindset of adolescents regarding the importance of frequent coffee consumption without clear reasons. Methods. This study used the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test method. Settings. This nutrition education was conducted at SMK Harapan Massa, Beji, Depok. On January 25, 2024. Design. Using Descriptive Research type. Results. Based on Wilcoxon analysis, 45 students experienced a decrease in scores, 3 students experienced an increase and 16 students had similar scores in the post-test and pre-test. Conclusion. there is an influence on the results of students' understanding before exposure to the material (Post-test) and after exposure (Pre-test).

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by damage to peripheral nerves with changes in perfusion and intraneural pressure. The search for new diagnostic tools is an urgent task.The aim of the study is to assess perfusion and intraneural pressure of the sciatic nerves in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a multimodal approach (ultrasound, MRI).Materials and methods. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 13–17 years (n = 50). All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the peripheral nerves of the lower extremities twice dynamically, using a greyscale mode, Dopplerography, and shear wave elastography. MRI of the sciatic nerve was performed in patients (n = 20) using diffusion tensor tractography and perfusion methods once.Conclusions. A multimodal approach (ultrasound, MRI) allows us to characterize sciatic nerve perfusion and intraneural pressure in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Increased MR perfusion of the sciatic nerves is accompanied by an increase in ultrasonic stiffness and the coefficient of ultrasound assessment of peripheral nerves in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), but it is unclear whether the findings apply in youth. Further, the role of body mass index (BMI) in these associations is understudied. Our objective was to determine whether BMI modifies genetic susceptibility to high SBP in young people. The sample comprised 714 participants of European ancestry recruited in 1999-2000 from 10 Montreal-area high schools for a longitudinal study. SBP was measured at ages 12, 15, 17, 24, and 30. Blood and saliva samples were collected at ages 14, 20, and 25. Two evidence-based genetic risk scores (GRS) were constructed based on GWAS results in adults: GRS22 used 22 SNPs and GRS182 added 160 additional SNPs to GRS22. Sex-specific associations between each GRS and repeated measures of SBP were estimated using linear mixed models including BMI and a GRS*BMI product term. GRS182 explained a greater proportion of SBP variance than GRS22, and a greater proportion in females than males. The associations increased monotonically with BMI values between 22 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2. Results indicate that BMI modifies the association between a GRS and SBP levels from adolescence to adulthood.

Adolescents are nutritionally vulnerable, and their intake is crucial to avoid nutritional problems during growth. Adolescent food consumption can be obtained from various types of food, one of them ultra-processed food (UPF). This study aims to determine the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption patterns and nutritional status and blood pressure in Catholic Junior High School Sudiang adolescents and Christian Elim High School Makassar. Methods: This study is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was selected using a proportional random sampling technique of 195 adolescents aged 13-18. UPF consumption was collected using the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). The research results show adolescents are overweight at 25.6% and obese at 21%; elevated blood pressure (BP) is 14.4%, and state hypertension (HTN) is 8.2%. In addition, obese adolescents with state 1 HTN were 17.1% and elevated BP by 24.4%, while overweight adolescents with state 1 HTN were 8% and elevated BP by 14%. There is a correlation between the amount of UPF consumption and nutritional status (p-value = 0.047). At the same time, the results were negative between the frequency of UPF consumption and nutritional status (p-value = 0.312), the amount of UPF consumption and BP (p-value = 0.289), and the frequency of UPF consumption and BP (p-value = 0.059). The study concludes a significant correlation between the amount of ultra-processed food consumption and nutritional status in adolescents. Further research and public health interventions are recommended to address the impact of UPF on adolescent health.

Teenagers are experiencing a shift in their eating habits toward fast food, which is high in unhealthy fats and carbohydrates and correlates with an increased risk of obesity and hypertension due to its high‐calorie density, large portion sizes, and accessibility. This systematic review compares the evidence on the carbohydrate and fat intakes toward adolescent hypertension. This evidence‐based analysis is based on the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. The data were processed qualitatively to assess the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) standards as the threshold. This review was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42024599534. Published studies up to March 2024 sourced from PubMed Central, Springer Link, EBSCO Host, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used as databases in this study. Nine studies were included in this systematic review. Eight studies (88.9%) showed a relation between carbohydrates and fat intake toward adolescent hypertension. From six studies that mainly discussed comparing carbohydrates and fat intake and the risk of hypertension in adolescents, three out of six studies agreed that the risk of hypertension is more closely associated with higher fat intake than with carbohydrate intake. In summary, both excessive carbohydrate and fat intake are related to the development of hypertension in adolescents, but higher fat intake might show more outcomes in developing hypertension. This study is expected to be a theoretical foundation for future research.

In the context of preventing hypertension in adolescents, good sleep strategies such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, creating a comfortable sleeping environment, and reducing the use of electronic devices before bed also need to be considered. Lack of quality sleep can interfere with nervous system function and increase blood pressure, so it's important for teens to prioritize getting enough sleep. This study aims to outline the importance of good sleep as a hypertension prevention strategy in adolescents. By understanding the relationship between sleep and hypertension and implementing effective sleep strategies. The research method used in writing this article is a literature study, which is a systematic approach to review, analyze, and synthesize various sources of information relevant to the research topic, namely good sleep strategies to prevent hypertension in adolescents. The results of the study show that adequate and quality sleep plays an important role in preventing hypertension in adolescents. Effective sleep strategies, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule and creating a comfortable sleeping environment, can help lower the risk of high blood pressure in adolescents. Therefore, awareness of the importance of good sleep should be increased as an integral part of adolescent health programs.

This study examines blood pressure characteristics in adolescents and young adults, specifically students from Andijan State Medical Institute, to assess factors influencing blood pressure levels and the prevalence of arterial hypertension. Background: Hypertension in youth poses significant health risks, yet determinants in this age group remain understudied. Objective: To identify lifestyle and genetic influences on blood pressure in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Blood pressure was monitored daily, complemented by questionnaires on participants' physical activity, diet, and family history. Results reveal that both lifestyle habits and hereditary factors substantially impact blood pressure. These findings support the development of targeted prevention strategies to reduce hypertension risk in this population.

The Level of Peer Pressure in Adolescents in Relation to Demographic Variables in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

The prevalence of hypertension in adolescents in Indonesia shows a very rapid increase. This is a common blood pressure problem. This can be caused by unhealthy eating patterns and lack of exercise. This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and physical activity levels with blood pressure in adolescents. This research uses a correlational analytical research design with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was 116 students in grades 10, 11 and 12 of SMAN 2 Dumai City. The collected data was analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi square test. The results of univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents were in their middle teens, 83 people (71.6%), 80 people (69.0%) were female, 114 people (98.3%) did not smoke, 79 people (68%) had normal systolic blood pressure. .1%), normal diastolic blood pressure in 81 people (69.8%), good diet in 80 people (69.0%), and heavy physical activity in 90 people (77.6%). Based on the results of the chi square test, significant values were obtained for the systolic diet variable with a value of ρ 0.000 α 0.05, and the diastolic diet variable with a value of ρ 0.000 α 0.05 and the systolic physical activity variable with a value of ρ 0.204 α 0.05 and physical activity in diastole with a value of ρ 0.231 α 0.05. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between diet and blood pressure in adolescents, and there is no relationship between physical activity and hypertension blood pressure in adolescents.

The 24-h movement guidelines for children and adolescents comprise recommendations for adequate sleep, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). However, whether adolescents who meet these 24-h movement guidelines may be less likely to have high blood pressure (HBP) has not been established. The present study assessed the association between meeting 24-h movement guidelines and HBP in a school-based sample of 996 adolescents between 10–17 years (13.2 ± 2.4 years, 55.4% of girls). Blood pressure was measured using a digital oscillometric device, while sleep, MVPA and SB were measured using the Baecke questionnaire. The association between the 24-h movement guidelines and HBP was performed using binary logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, and body mass index. It was observed that less than 1% of the sample meet the three 24-h movement guidelines. The prevalence of HBP was lower in adolescents who meet all three movement 24-h guidelines (11.1%) compared to those who did not meet any guidelines (27.2%). Individual 24-h movement guidelines analysis showed that adolescents with adequate sleep were 35% less likely to have HBP (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.46–0.91). Meeting sleep guidelines combined with meeting MVPA (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.50–0.95) or SB (OR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.48–0.94) was inversely associated with HBP. Adolescents who meet two or three 24-h movement guidelines were respectively 47% (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.29–0.98) and 34% (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.48–0.91) less likely to have HBP. In adolescents, meeting sleep and 24-h movement guidelines were inversely associated with HBP.

Introduction: The changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescent activities have affected recreational aspects due to limited contact to prevent virus spread. This has contributed to increased indicators of overweight and obesity and could impact blood pressure levels. Objective: To determine the degree of association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and systemic blood pressure in adolescents. Methods: Systemic blood pressure was measured using continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over 24 hours (ABPM). The sample consisted of 42 high school students with similar urban geographic characteristics in Mexico. All participants underwent anthropometric evaluation to identify notable group characteristics. The correlation was assessed using Spearman's Rho test. Results: Of the 42 participants included, 28.5% showed obesity, 21.45% were overweight, and no patient had hypertension. However, 23.8% showed prehypertension. A significant correlation was evidenced between BMI and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, at 0.390 and 0.382, respectively (p-value: 0.013 and 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: BMI was significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in adolescents from an urban area in Mexico.

Background: High blood pressure in adolescents is a growing concern around the world, and is caused by various lifestyle factors like an unhealthy diet, high in sodium and fats, lack of sleep, and physical inactivity. Unchecked hypertension during adolescence can lead to stroke, cardiovascular and kidney disease later in life. This study investigated any possible correlation between lifestyle variables and adolescent hypertension.Materials and Method: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted with 600 school-going adolescents after obtaining permission from Ethical Committee, school administration, and parents. Data was collected for the student’s sociodemographic profile, personal/family history, lifestyle habits, BMI, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Qualitative data were presented as percentages or proportions; quantitative data was denoted by mean and standard deviation. ‘p-value’ less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Most of the adolescents (68%) were found to be underweight. Sleep duration had a negative correlation with blood pressure, which showed a statistically significant difference. Other lifestyle variables didn’t show any significant relationship with hypertension.Conclusion: 2/3rd of government school students studied were underweight, with a ratio of 1.2 normotensives for every hypertensive individual. Sleep duration exhibited a negative correlation with blood pressure, showing the importance of sleep.

BackgroundThe prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rapidly increasing globally. With a concerning increase among adolescents due to unhealthy habits, obesity, and hypertension, understanding the current status of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to CVD prevention among middle school students is crucial for developing effective school-based health programs to prevent CVD.MethodsThe analytic cross-sectional survey is used in questionnaires to assess KAP related to CVD prevention among middle school students (N = 17,731) from 50 schools across 16 provinces in China in June–July 2023. The pass rate of KAP scores is categorized as good and poor. Independent predictors of good KAP of CVD prevention are ascertained using a binary logistic regression model.ResultsThe study surveyed 8,118 (45.78%) junior high school students and 9,613 (54.22%) high school students. The overall mean [standard deviation (SD)] for the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 26.88 (8.12), 53.53 (7.22), and 39.80 (5.96), respectively. The knowledge scores had the lowest pass rate at 56.89%. Only 6.83% of the students know “the definition of blood pressure in adolescents.” Attitudes toward health were positive, though the attitude regarding “the danger of prolonged sedentary to cardiovascular health” scored lowest at 73.55%. The practice section had a pass rate of 89.30%; 40.27% of students reported that they spend more than an hour a day on screens. Only one-third of the students would go to bed before 12 o’clock. In univariate analysis, junior high school and high school students differed significantly in knowledge and practice (p < 0.001), but attitude did not differ significantly (p = 0.103).ConclusionThe majority of students lack sufficient knowledge about CVD. It is also found that socioeconomic background, family environment, and educational levels have an impact on cardiovascular health behaviors among students. Strengthening health education involving students, parents, teachers, and communities is essential to promote health knowledge and practices among adolescents.

Obesity and hypertension are increasingly prevalent among adolescents, and both conditions are interrelated with significant long-term health consequences. This review examines the relationship between obesity and hypertension in adolescents, synthesizing findings from recent studies. Research indicates that obesity, particularly excessive visceral fat accumulation, leads to increased vascular resistance and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, contributing to elevated blood pressure. Genetic factors, along with insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions, further exacerbate the risk of developing hypertension in obese adolescents. Additionally, unhealthy dietary habits and insufficient physical activity are major contributors to obesity, which in turn increases the likelihood of hypertension. Studies have shown that interventions targeting weight reduction through balanced diets and regular physical activity can significantly decrease both obesity and blood pressure in adolescents. Furthermore, hypertension in adolescents linked to obesity can result in long-term cardiovascular diseases, underscoring the importance of early detection and prevention. Effective management strategies, including lifestyle modification and routine monitoring of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure, are critical in mitigating these health risks. This review emphasizes the need for public health policies promoting preventive measures such as regular screenings and health education to curb obesity and hypertension in adolescents, reducing their burden on public health systems. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of multifactorial intervention programs and long-term outcomes in managing obesity-induced hypertension in adolescents.

Introduction: The PedsBP Clinical Decision Support (CDS) is an electronic health record-linked tool developed in an urban health system that aims to improve the quality of blood pressure (BP) measurement and recognition of hypertension in children. Aims: To describe the feasibility of implementing the PedsBP tool for use in a rural health system, and to describe repeat BP measurement among patients 6-17 years with an incident hypertensive BP at high-intensity clinics using the PedsBP CDS. Methods: This is a 3-arm, parallel group, cluster randomized controlled pragmatic trial in 40 community-based primary care clinics in a rural Midwestern health system (Essentia Health). Clinics were randomized 1:1:1 to usual care, low-intensity implementation (PedsBP CDS only), or high-intensity implementation (Peds BP CDS plus in-person training, monitoring CDS use, and feedback). The PedsBP CDS includes an alert to re-measure a hypertensive BP at that visit, an alert that a hypertensive BP should be repeated in 1-3 weeks, and patient-specific order sets. Study outcomes include repeat BP measurement at an index visit and diagnosis of hypertension within 6 months of meeting clinical criteria. Safety outcomes include stroke, transient ischemic attack, acute renal failure, uncontrolled hypertension within 6 months of index visit. Results: Among 22,238 (50.9% female, mean age 11.7 years, SD=3.5 years) patients with visits between 8/1/22-1/31/23 at participating clinics, 4008 (18.0%) had an incident hypertensive BP and 239 (1.1%) met clinical criteria for hypertension. Among those who met clinical criteria for hypertension, there were no cases of uncontrolled hypertension or other safety outcomes. Of 7974 patients with encounters at 13 high-intensity clinics and with a BP measured, the initial BP was elevated for 1307 (16.4%) and remeasured in 628 (48.1%). Among 1265 patients at high-intensity clinics with a BP elevated and with body mass index (BMI) information, 482 (38.1%) were obese (BMI percentile ≥95%), 209 (16.5%) were overweight (BMI percentile 85% to &lt;95%), and 574 (45.4%) were not overweight or obese (BMI percentile &lt;85%). Conclusions: The PedsBP CDS is feasible to implement in a new health system and has the potential to improve the quality of pediatric BP care.

The Effect of Udenafil on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Adolescents With the Fontan Circulation

BackgroundThis study assessed the specific influence of physical activity (PA) and waist circumference (WC) on the 4-year growth trajectory of blood pressure in UK high-school students.MethodsFour-year longitudinal monitoring of 1501 adolescents was conducted as part of the EoEHHS. Measurements were taken in Grades (G)7, 9, and 11.ResultsSystolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased over the 4-year period (SBP G7 114.6 ± 8.9 mmHg, G9 118.1 ± 9.7 mmHg, G11 122.8 ± 7.8 mmHg; DBP G7 66.7 ± 6.6 mmHg, G9 68.0 ± 6.4 mmHg, G11 70.0 ± 5.2 mmHg). Baseline WC predicted baseline and growth in SBP, but the strongest contribution to SBP came from changes in WC (β = 0.084, p = 0.002). Baseline PAQ-A score (β = −0.822, p = 0.020) and changes in PAQ-A score (β = −0.650, p = 0.019) were associated with smaller increases in DBP over the 4-year measurement period.ConclusionsBaseline and change in WC predicted the growth trajectory of SBP, while baseline and change in PA predicted the growth trajectory of DBP. PA and WC have a prognostic value in predicting changes in blood pressure in adolescents. Increasing PA during adolescence could slow the rise in DBP over time. This is meaningful for future hypertension and CVD risk reduction into adulthood.ImpactHypertension in adolescents is a growing health problem that is often overlooked.Baseline and changes in waist circumference over a 4-year period predicted development of systolic blood pressure, while baseline and changes in physical activity predicted development of diastolic blood pressure.Physical activity and waist circumference have a prognostic value in predicting changes in blood pressure in adolescents and could be valuable in planning programmes to prevent hypertension in similar communities and reduce the risk of future adult hypertension.

ABSTRACT Artificial light at night (ALAN) is related to various diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and coronary heart disease. However, its impact on blood pressure in adolescents is not well understood. To investigate this, we conducted a cross-sectional study with a nationwide sample of college students in China, who were freshmen from four disperse universities during Sep. and Oct. 2018. Mean levels of ALAN at participants’ residential addresses during 2013–2018 were estimated using time-varying satellite data. The association of the 6-y average of ALAN with blood pressure was estimated by using generalized linear mixed models. A total of 17 046 participants (18.2 ± 0.7 y of age, 46.79% female) from 2,412 counties and cities were included in the final analysis. After a full adjustment for potential confounders, ALAN was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (β = 0.20, p = 0.032) and pulse pressure (β = 0.28, p = 0.001), but there was no association between ALAN and diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.08, p = 0.213). In the sensitivity analysis, the results consistent with the main analysis were observed. The blood pressure of males and those with a BMI ≤24 kg/m2 were more susceptible to ALAN exposure. Our findings highlight the importance of ALAN management for blood pressure control, particularly among male and normal-weight individuals.