President Of The United States Research Articles

‘Good at math’: Andrew Yang, Asian Americans and racialized campaign rhetoric

Racial minority candidates have often been encouraged to deploy racially neutral rhetoric in their appeals to voters beyond their own racial group. Developed in the US with African American candidates in mind, this strategy, known as ‘deracialization’, was premised on the idea that white voters held negative stereotypes about racial minority candidates. In this article, we argue that many of the premises of the deracialization strategy do not hold when it comes to Asian American candidates. While Asian Americans are victims of racial prejudice, many stereotypes about Asian Americans are positive, sometimes collectively known as the ‘model-minority myth’. In this article, we explore how Andrew Yang, an Asian American candidate for president of the US and mayor of New York City, deployed racially coded campaign rhetoric. Rather than downplay his racial identity, Yang highlighted it, both explicitly and implicitly, in his rhetoric. Although Yang’s candidacy was primarily centred around a policy issue – universal basic income – his racial identity was an acknowledged and celebrated part of his campaign rhetoric.

The United States’ free and open Indo-Pacific policy and its implications on China

Under the contemporary international political scenario, Indo pacific is considered as the most significant region in the world. The last three the US administrations have consecutively focused on this region in their national security policies. However, this article has particularly focused on the Joe Biden’s new Indo-Pacific Strategy and with more focus on the implications of this strategy on China. Economic and military rise of China is attracting the US’s concerns regarding its liberal order and hegemonic influence in the region. China has focused on Indo pacific region for trade and investments consequently getting the status of biggest trading partner of almost every state of this region. Through, Belt and Road initiatives China is changing the economic and diplomatic trajectories with its all-neighboring countries. The United State, through, its partnerships and alliances-based policy in Indo pacific region is attempting to counter balance the rising power of China. However, it is unclear whether this policy will lead towards further cooperation or competition in the region? And how would this policy affect China’s foreign policy and sphere of influence in the region.

VAT Is Not a Barrier for Trade

After the inauguration of the 47th President of the United States, Donald Trump, there has been a misunderstanding on whether VAT is a barrier for international trade. In this Column, the author analyses the topic and explains one of the fundamental principles of VAT: neutrality.

Moving beyond a ‘hollow concept’: realising women, peace and security at NATO under a Trump presidency

ABSTRACT NATO’s Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda has failed to reach its full potential and remains a “hollow concept.” While WPS has provided added-value across NATO’s tasks, it falls short of being an integral part of how NATO conducts its work and is in many respects siloed. The WPS agenda is associated with the values of NATO, but in the case of the Russian war on Ukraine, that agenda has been sidelined in favour of realpolitik. For WPS to endure, it must be seen as fundamental to NATO’s effectiveness, not as an exceptional measure: an imperative that is likely to be challenged under the second mandate of Donald Trump as US president.

Gender Matters (Even More): Reflections on the Future of Politics & Gender

As this article is being finalized, US President Donald J. Trump has taken numerous executive actions to challenge gender identity; diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs; and the rights of marginalized populations broadly. These xenophobic, anti-gender political agendas are gaining momentum worldwide (Ayoub and Stoeckle 2024). My hope is that these brief words inspire future politics and gender scholars to apply their research skills to challenge these heteropatriarchal policies that so often reinforce sexism, racism, and homophobia in the name of nationalism. When the Politics & Gender journal began in 2005, the justification question underlying much of its existence was “Does gender matter?” In 2025, if one is to measure the importance of gender by the amount of resistance to gender inclusive policies and feminist advances, one could easily argue that not only does gender matter-but it matters even more.

Historians and the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

Abstract: Historians have analyzed and debated the impeachment of Andrew Johnson since it occurred in 1868. While most historians studying Johnson's impeachment have relied on similar sources and legal framing, their own backgrounds, lived experience, racial attitudes, and views of Reconstruction have led to very different interpretations. In the century and a half of literature, four broad schools of interpretation emerged: traditionalists, hagiographers, revisionists, and conservative revisionists. Traditionalists during the turn of the Twentieth Century and the hagiographers who followed had negative attitudes toward African Americans. Both groups also generally disliked Reconstruction and impeachment, while traditionalists often faulted Johnson the hagiographers lionized him. The revisionists came about during the civil rights movement with the broader revisionist positive interpretation of Reconstruction and support of African American rights. While the revisionists disliked Johnson and gradually became more supportive of impeachment, conservative revisionists arose in opposition to echo many of the positions of the earlier traditionalists and hagiographers. Renewed interest impeachment because of President Donald Trump and upheaval in race relations during the summer of 2020 suggest a new period of reexamining the first impeachment of a US President.

Deepfake Label Recall: Combating Disinformation with Labels is Especially Effective for Those Who Dislike the Speaker

Deepfake videos threaten to spread false information by depicting events that never happened, such as politicians making statements they never actually made. This research tested the effectiveness of accuracy labels to help people remember the difference between actual and deepfake videos of former US President Joe Biden. People accurately recalled 93.8% of deepfake videos and 84.2% of actual videos, suggesting that labeling videos can help users accurately recall information. Individuals who identify as Republican and had lower favorability ratings of Biden performed better in distinguishing between actual and deepfake videos. We use the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) as a theoretical framework to explain how distrusting Biden as a message source caused audiences to more critically evaluate messages. These findings support the practice of media companies labeling deepfake content to help users identify and recall information accurately.

Trump 2.0 and Global Economic Outlook: Implications for The Nigerian Economy and Business In 2025 and Beyond

Trump 2.0, which is the unusual comeback of Donald Trump as the 47th President of the United States in 2025 after his initial stint as the 45th President has introduced major economic shifts through protectionist policies, increased tariffs, and foreign aid reductions, with significant implications for Nigeria’s economy. The shift in US foreign policy is however not surprising considering the decade long balance of payment problems and persistent debt crisis. This study examines the effects of Trump’s policies on Nigeria’s economic performance, using Dependency Theory and Realism Theory as theoretical frameworks. Dependency Theory highlights Nigeria’s vulnerability to U.S. trade restrictions and aid cuts, while Realism explains Trump’s “America First” stance. The study employs an econometric time series analysis from 1985 to 2023 to estimate the relationship between Nigeria’s economic outlook and U.S. trade policies, focusing on key variables such as tariffs, imported inflation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and exchange rate fluctuations. Findings suggest that increased tariffs and trade barriers could negatively impact Nigeria’s oil exports and manufacturing sector, leading to revenue shortfalls and currency depreciation. Additionally, potential reductions in U.S. foreign aid may strain Nigeria’s budget and social programs. However, these challenges also present opportunities for Nigeria to diversify trade partnerships, strengthen intra-African trade, and boost local industries under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Policy recommendations include fostering economic resilience through industrialization, attracting alternative foreign investments, and implementing sound fiscal policies. Nigeria must strategically reposition itself in the global market to mitigate risks and sustain economic growth amidst shifting U.S. policies. Keywords: U.S. trade protectionism, Nigeria’s economic outlook, foreign direct investment, tariffs, economic diversification

CASE COMMENT – Tickle v Giggle – No laughing matter

At the time of writing, Supreme Courts in both the United Kingdom1 and United States2 are considering cases which raise the questions of ‘what is a woman’, and whether it is possible to change sex. This follows on from a US Presidential election in which Democratic Party support for extreme trans rights was a key distinguishing feature highlighted by the Trump campaign – a campaign which ultimately secured a landslide victory for the Republican Party. The Australian case of Tickle v Giggle is similarly destined to be remembered, not only for its amusing name, but also because of its significance in tackling these same questions. It is a case that records a truly extraordinary episode in the history of Australian jurisprudence, and for society generally. The Federal Court judgment in Tickle v Giggle holds that, for the purposes of discrimination law, sex is not confined to biology, is not binary in nature and can be changed – and that as a result, women must allow males who claim to be women into their previously safe spaces and services. The decision acknowledges Roxanne Tickle’s right to access the social media application, Giggle for Girls. Uncritically accepting caselaw recognising change of sex stretching back over 30 years, Bromwich J. effectively adopts the submissions of the Sex Discrimination Commissioner who appears amicus curiae. The court fails to accept the relevance of the expert and lay evidence filed on behalf of the Giggle team, or to reflect on the practical implications of this decision. Arguments as to the lawfulness of special measures to exclude men with the purpose of advancing women’s equality hold no sway as it is accepted by Bromwich J. that Tickle is a woman – and therefore cannot be found to have been discriminated against as a male. Instead, Tickle is found to have been discriminated against on the ground of gender identity. It is not established that the Giggle team knew of Tickle’s gender identity and as a result there is no finding of direct discrimination. Instead, the Court finds that imposing a condition that individuals should appear visibly female constitutes indirect discrimination on the ground of gender identity. The test as to reasonableness is not applied and various constitutional arguments also fail to gain traction.

Mitigating Resistance to Malaria Treatments in Sub-Saharan Africa Requires More than New Drugs.

In September 2024, the US President's Malaria Initiative; the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; the Gates Foundation; and Unitaid called for malaria partners to increase the availability and lower the cost of alternative artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for countries with growing evidence of resistance to artemisinin and current ACT partner drugs, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Although these global leaders should be applauded for raising this challenge to the highest levels, they missed the opportunity to highlight a major driver of resistance to malaria treatments: the limited access to high-quality health services for malaria. Progress has been made in scaling up integrated community case management and clinical and laboratory quality improvement programs, but few malaria-affected countries have achieved national scale. If affected countries and their partners do not want to confront resistance to these newer alternative ACTs in the near future, they must take more decisive action now to expand access and improve the quality of malaria services.

Striking While the Iron Is Hot: Exploring the Impact of Issue Ownership and Issue Salience on Donations to Political Organizations in the 2020 US Presidential Election

This study integrates the perspectives of issue niche theory and issue ownership theory to examine how variations in issue salience affect the resources available to political organizations affiliated with different parties. Analyzing a database with millions of donors’ political donation records, our time series analysis reveals a nuanced interplay: When some issues associated with Democrats assume the spotlight, there is a discernible increase in left-leaning donations. Simultaneously, when other Democrats issue raises to prominence, there is a notable suppression of right-leaning contributions. These findings underline the persuasive force of issue ownership for each party, which either bolsters fundraising for affiliated political organizations or obstructs donations to opposing groups. Furthermore, we observe that competence-related issues, such as COVID-19 and the economy and inflation, exert a substantial influence on political contributions among both left- and right-leaning donors. Notably, competence issues demonstrate a more pronounced influence on donor behavior compared to associative issues. Overall, our study suggests a refined issue niche theory tailored to the political context, where issue niches are shaped not only by issue salience but also by the precise issue ownership type.

Using Machine Learning to Understand the Dynamics Between the Stock Market and US Presidential Election Outcomes

Using Machine Learning to Understand the Dynamics Between the Stock Market and US Presidential Election Outcomes

Breaking the Impasse of Appointing Members of the WTO Appellate Body: A Perspective from International Institutional Law

Abstract At the 13th Ministerial Conference, WTO members reaffirmed their commitment to restoring a fully functioning dispute settlement system by 2024. By the end of the year, some progress had been made, but an agreement remains elusive. The re-election of Donald Trump as US President adds further uncertainty to these efforts. Against this background, this article re-examines the proposal for the General Council to appoint Appellate Body members through majority voting. It argues that customary rules of interpretation applicable to the constituent instruments of international organizations justify the legality of a vote in the General Council to support the effective functioning of the WTO. To address WTO members' concerns about the negative impact on consensus-based decision-making and the loss of leverage for reforms, this article suggests a General Council decision to appoint fewer than seven Appellate Body members. While not addressing all challenges facing the dispute settlement system, the proposal would bring more certainty to the early recovery of the system.

THE TRIGA RESEARCH NUCLEAR REACTOR - MARK II: HISTORY AND SPECIAL FEATURES

Less than five years after the "Atoms for Peace" speech by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the United Nations General Assembly in December 1953, TRIGA® (acronym for Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics), a new inherently safe type reactor developed for nuclear research, training and isotope production, was conceived, built and operated at the General Atomic Division in San Diego. Over the years, the TRIGA industry has soon evolved into the most widely used research reactor in the world with operating power levels up to 14 MW and designs up to 25 MW. Since 1965 the Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy (LENA) of the University of Pavia has been operating a TRIGA research reactor with thermal power levels of 250 kW. The installation is used to support education and training programs, neutron activation analysis activities, medical research, industrial applications, and is mainly dedicated to applied nuclear science in general. These activities will be presented together with the historical and technical aspects of the Nuclear Research Reactor.

Federal Workforce Reforms in Trump’s Second Term: two scenarios

Five early proposals from the second Trump administration add up to a potentially dramatic shift of power within the executive branch of the federal government and between the executive and legislative branches. With help from conservative think tanks and the Republican-led Congress, the 2024 election has opened the door to an increasingly powerful US presidency and an ever-weaker constitutional order.

A Comparative Political Discourse of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and US President Donald Trump’s Speeches: Articulating Tolerance and Love

The study examines how the articulation of the values of tolerance and love is constructed linguistically, rhetorically, and politically in the speeches of Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Salman and US President Donald Trump. By adopting a Political Discourse Analysis framework integrating both Critical Discourse Analysis and a textual-contextual approach, the study investigates both leaders' linguistic and rhetorical strategies to mold narratives and shape public perception. By addressing speeches selected for their socio-political importance and thematic orientation on love and tolerance, the data is subjected to the textual examination of linguistic elements including lexicon, metaphors, and narrative structures that carry the effect of inclusivity and emotive attractiveness. The study delves in revealing persuasive techniques by scrutinizing the rhetorical strategies incorporating attraction to ethos, pathos, and logos. The CDA shows how these speeches either mirror or debate ideologues, social norms, power dynamics, and discrepancies between leaders’ stated values and subliminal messages. The study's findings classify the speeches into national unity, cultural identity, and global diplomacy themes. Prince Mohammad bin Salman’s discourse focuses on economic reforms, modernity, and international adaptations, while Trump’s speeches engage in patriotism incorporated with nationalistic assertions mirroring two distinct socio-political contexts. The study contributes to understanding the discursive strategies of political speeches in shaping public opinion and how language interacts constructively with power image, aesthetic values, and leadership narrative in contemporary international politics.

Free speech, fact checking, and the right to accurate information

True to his campaign promises, on 20 January 2025, US President Donald Trump signed a broad range of Executive Orders, the scope of which ranged from renaming the Gulf of Mexico to “Gulf of America” to reinterpreting the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution by curtailing birthright citizenship. At least one order is relevant to social scientists studying political communication because it aims to “ restore freedom of speech and end federal censorship ” in online forums. At first glance, this is a laudable endeavor; who would disagree with bolstering freedom of speech? On closer inspection, however, this order is unlikely to live up to its stated intent. On the contrary, there are three reasons to fear that it may, ironically, have adverse implications for free speech and for democracy.

Populism and Psychological Involvement in the 2020 US Presidential Election

Populism and Psychological Involvement in the 2020 US Presidential Election

Framing the Xi–Biden meeting in news coverage: A cross-national comparative analysis

The highly anticipated meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Joe Biden occurred at a critical moment amidst the ongoing global competition between these major powers. Countries in Southeast Asia, situated between the Sino-US rivalry, often face the pressure to align with one side. As global events unfold, audiences rely on news media for information. Guided by framing theory, this study examines cross-country variation in the coverage of the Sino-US meeting by news outlets in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. A content analysis of 263 news articles revealed that ASEAN news outlets primarily depend on agency input to shape their news agendas. The theme of “advancing national interests” was predominant in ASEAN news coverage, with Malaysian media notably emphasizing this theme. The study also discusses the implications of these findings and offers recommendations for future research.

Costs and outcomes of routine HIV oral pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation across different service delivery models and key populations in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study.

Costs and outcomes of routine HIV oral pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation across different service delivery models and key populations in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study.