Preservation Of Biodiversity Research Articles

Urgency of sui generis genetic resources law in order to prevent plant biopiracy in Indonesia

Indonesia, as a mega-biodiversity country, holds vast plant genetic resources (PGR) with immense potential for bioprospecting in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. However, the absence of a specific legal framework has left these resources vulnerable to biopiracy unauthorized foreign exploitation without fair benefit sharing for indigenous communities. Existing laws, including the Patent Law, Communal Intellectual Property Regulation, and Conservation Acts, inadequately protect traditional knowledge and collective rights. This legal vacuum has allowed foreign entities to patent innovations derived from Indonesia’s biodiversity, marginalizing local communities. Moreover, fragmented institutional oversight, lack of a unified genetic resource database, and limited public awareness further weaken protection efforts. Drawing from international instruments such as the Nagoya Protocol and practices from India and Malaysia, this study advocates for a sui generis legal system tailored to Indonesia’s ecological and socio-cultural context. Such a framework must include access and benefit-sharing (ABS) mechanisms, centralized data inventories, digital information systems, and institutional reforms. Proactive legal recognition of indigenous rights and participatory governance are essential for ecological justice and biodiversity preservation. This study concludes that a dedicated Sui Generis Law on Genetic Resources is urgently needed to ensure sovereignty, equity, and sustainable use of Indonesia’s biological wealth.

The Effects of Sacred Groves on Environmental Rehabilitation & Human Health

In sites such as India, Africa, and Southeast Asia, sacred groves – patches of forests considered sacred for religious or spiritual reasons – have historically been crucial to the preservation of biodiversity. This paper analyzes the ecological and health effects of sacred groves with an emphasis on environmental rehabilitation and human well-being. Ethnobotanical surveys, ecological and health data were synthesized to demonstrate that sacred groves act as important reservoirs of biodiversity, stabilizers of microclimatic conditions, and sources of medicinal plants, contributing to ecosystem services and human health.

Bamboo for global sustainability: A systematic review of its environmental and ecological implications, climate action, and biodiversity contributions

Bamboo has garnered significant attention over the past two decades as a sustainable resource with a wide array of environmental benefits and emerged as a crucial resource in addressing global sustainability challenges. This systematic review synthesizes bibliometric data from the Web of Science (WOS) spanning 2004 to 2024, to explore the role of bamboo in global sustainability, focusing on its environmental advantages, biodiversity contributions, carbon sequestration potential, and the ecosystem services—provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural, it provides. Despite growing interest in bamboo's ecological benefits, substantial research gaps exist regarding its long-term effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as the full extent of its role in mitigating climate impacts. This review aims to address these gaps by providing a comprehensive analysis of published research and offering new insights into bamboo's multifaceted contributions to a number of environmental benefits and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The novelty of this review lies in its integration of bibliometric analysis and qualitative synthesis, ensuring a thorough understanding of trends, key research areas, and potential future directions. The methodology includes data extraction from WOS, followed by trend analysis, citation mapping, and thematic synthesis. Key findings reveal that bamboo plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration, biodiversity preservation, and soil conservation, while also enhancing water quality and mitigating land degradation. This indicates bamboo’s transformative potential in addressing climate change, promoting biodiversity, and supporting sustainable livelihoods. Furthermore, the study identifies critical gaps in research and policy integration, stressing the need for coordinated global efforts to fully realize bamboo’s benefits including its adaptability across different ecosystems, as well as its potential in combating global challenges such as climate change and deforestation. This comprehensive review offers implications for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking sustainable solutions in land management, climate action, and biodiversity conservation. The findings underscore bamboo’s unique potential as an eco-friendly, low-cost, and scalable solution for fostering global sustainability. The benefits of this study extend to promoting bamboo’s integration into conservation practices and green infrastructure projects globally.

Design And Development of a Drone-Based Animal Detection System

The rapid advancements in drone technology have significantly transformed wildlife monitoring and conservation efforts, providing an efficient, cost-effective solution for tracking and studying wildlife populations. This project proposes a drone-based animal detection system that utilizes high-resolution cameras, thermal imaging, and machine learning algorithms to detect and monitor wildlife in real-time. By deploying drones equipped with various sensors and advanced detection models, the system can identify and track wild animals in vast and often inaccessible areas, such as forests, savannahs, and protected reserves. The primary aim of the system is to enhance the ability to monitor wildlife populations, particularly endangered species, without the need for human presence in potentially hazardous environments. The drones are capable of capturing images and video footage, which are then processed using artificial intelligence to identify animal species, assess their behavior, and estimate their numbers. This data can provide invaluable insights for conservation efforts, anti-poaching measures, and environmental research. By automating the detection process and providing real-time data to wildlife researchers and conservationists, this drone-based system minimizes human intervention, reduces the risk of disturbing wildlife, and ensures more accurate, timely, and scalable monitoring. The project ultimately aims to contribute to wildlife protection strategies, offering an innovative approach to biodiversity preservation and the sustainable management of natural habitats.

Enhanced Bird Species Image Recognition and Classification using MobileNet and InceptionV3 Transfer learning Architectures

The proposed study explores the application of transfer learning techniques in bird species image classification, specifically focusing on the MobileNet and InceptionV3 models. Utilizing the CUB-200-2011 dataset, the transfer learning is employed to enhance classification accuracy. The MobileNet model achieved an impressive accuracy of 74.60%, outperforming InceptionV3, which recorded an accuracy of 64.00%. The corresponding loss values were 0.8685 for MobileNet and 1.128 for InceptionV3, highlighting MobileNet's superior alignment with actual class labels. Additionally, MobileNet demonstrated a precision range of 0.45 to 0.93, while InceptionV3's precision ranged from 0.65 to 0.81. The F1-scores revealed MobileNet's performance ranged from 0.40 to 0.91, in contrast to InceptionV3’s lower F1-scores, indicating a more stable but less effective classification ability. These findings underscore the potential of MobileNet as a lightweight, efficient alternative for wildlife image classification tasks, making it particularly suitable for deployment in resource-constrained environments. The developed user interface allows for seamless interaction, enabling users to upload images and receive immediate classification results, further demonstrating the practical application of these models in conservation and biodiversity preservation efforts.

Biodiversity Conservation and Challenges in Wetland Ecosystems

Wetlands are vital ecosystems that support rich biodiversity and offer critical ecological services. However, climate change, urbanization and human activities have made wetlands increasingly endangered, and their conservation has become a pressing global issue. This paper examines wetland conservation strategies through a comparative analysis of China and international approaches. By investigating cases such as the Ramsar Convention and China's National Wetland Conservation Plan, the study evaluates policy frameworks, implementation effectiveness, and existing challenges. The findings of this paper show that international strategies tend to emphasize biodiversity preservation and climate regulation, whereas China prioritizes legal protections and ecological restoration. Despite these initiatives, both face persistent issues including habitat degradation, invasive species, and insufficient policy enforcement. The study underscores the importance of enhanced international collaboration, more effective policy execution, and the integration of sustainable management practices. These findings provide actionable recommendations and serve as a valuable reference for improving wetland conservation efforts worldwide.

Winter Ecology of Agricultural Birds: The Role of Crop Type in Habitat Occupation by the Eurasian Blackcap

Agriculture is an anthropic activity with a significant impact on the environment and biodiversity. Hence, the conservation and proper management of wildlife inhabiting agricultural areas is crucial to ensure both food production sustainability and biodiversity preservation. The presence and distribution of the Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) was evaluated in different crops during winter and the influence of vegetation structure and altitude on its abundance was analyzed. It was hypothesized that the presence and abundance of the species would be influenced by vegetation structure and altitude. Sampling was conducted in 60 agricultural plots differentiating homogeneous and heterogeneous crops. Warblers were recorded by sight and hearing along 1 km transects. The effect of vegetation structure on the warbler abundance was analyzed by carrying out ANOVAs and Mann–Whitney tests. The Eurasian Blackcap was detected in 75% of the sampled plots. Significant differences in vegetation structure between occupied and unoccupied crops were not found; however, an effect of the altitude of the transects was observed, occupying mostly lower areas. The warbler abundance was not significantly affected by crop type nor sampling year. This study provides valuable information on the ecology and distribution of the Eurasian Blackcap in agricultural crops, enriching the knowledge on how to establish the sustainable management of croplands and ensure the conservation and proper management of the species in agricultural areas.

CEPHALOPOD, a package to standardize marine habitat‐modelling practices and enhance inter‐comparability across biological observations

Abstract As the volume of accessible marine pelagic observations increases exponentially, incorporating diverse data types such as metagenomics and quantitative imaging, the need for standardized modelling frameworks becomes critical to predict biogeographic patterns in space and time and across the diverse range of emergent sampling methods. In response, we introduce CEPHALOPOD (Comprehensive Ensemble Pipeline for Habitat modelling Across Large‐scale Ocean Pelagic Observation Datasets), a standardized, highly automated and flexible framework designed to integrate and analyse heterogeneous marine data for multi‐species habitat modelling following best practices in the field. CEPHALOPOD is built on observational data from federating initiatives such as AtlantECO, OBIS, GBIF, associated with already existing statistical and machine learning methods that enable to extract and model information from heterogeneous, scarce and biased field observations. It is highly automated and follows explicit quality checks informing the user of the predictive accuracy and interpretability of the results. Here, we document our statistical ensemble modelling approach and then assess its strengths and limitations with a virtual ecologist approach. We show how our framework performs in reproducing a range of distributions from biased field samples. Our modelling framework serves as a foundation for the consistent generation of Essential Biodiversity and Ocean Variables (EBVs and EOVs) and carries the potential to significantly advance our comprehension of biodiversity and marine ecosystem functioning. Finally, it provides an unprecedented opportunity to foster collaborations in the field of marine science, sustainable ecological practices, and ultimately contribute to the preservation of global marine biodiversity.

The Bioeconomy Revolution: How Trade Fuels the Green Transition

The global bioeconomy, a key driver of the Fifth Industrial Revolution, promises significant advancements towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Success, however, depends on addressing complex trade challenges, including regulatory inconsistencies and market access barriers. Innovations in biotechnology, such as enzymatic biopolymers and New Genomic Techniques (NGTs), highlight the need for structured multilateral dialogue. Collaboration is essential to promote equitable access to technology and ensure safe, sustainable bio-based trade. Existing international trade considerations, such as precautionary principles and sustainability criteria, shape the bioeconomy’s trajectory. Hence, strengthened framework across international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), could help integrate bioeconomy into trade policies, balancing growth with environmental and health safeguards. Projected to grow from USD four trillion to USD thirty trillion in the coming decades, industrial biotrade could transform industries by replacing fossil-based resources with sustainable alternatives. Yet, without cohesive governance and harmonized regulations, geopolitical tensions and regulatory conflicts may hinder this shift. This article provides twelve recommendations to address trade-related challenges, advocating for a policy ecosystem that fosters a resilient bioeconomy aligned with climate goals, biodiversity preservation, and fair competition with fossil industries. Finally, it calls for the recognition of the bioeconomy by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a contributor to the UN SDGs.

An overview of the antifungal potential for aromatic plant extracts in agriculture and the food industry: A comprehensive analysis focusing on the Rubus, Cistus and Quercus genera against fungal infections of crops and food.

An overview of the antifungal potential for aromatic plant extracts in agriculture and the food industry: A comprehensive analysis focusing on the Rubus, Cistus and Quercus genera against fungal infections of crops and food.

Conceptual approach to financial security management of a logistics company

This article is devoted to researching and forming a conceptual approach to managing financial security in a logistics company, addressing the challenges of maintaining financial stability in a highly dynamic and risk-prone industry in the face of global challenges. The study reveals that financial security can be examined through multiple theoretical perspectives, each highlighting specific aspects but often lacking an integrated understanding. The article defines financial security as a state of balance between a company’s financial resources and its short- and long-term objectives, its adaptability to financial challenges, and resilience to external and internal destabilizing factors. Based on this, a comprehensive concept of financial security management in a logistics company is proposed. The strategic foundations, key actors, goals, and tasks that form an integrated financial security system have been identified. It is described as a set of interrelated elements and mechanisms that ensure operational stability in the face of real and potential threats, risks, and global challenges. The core objective of such a system is to provide financial stability and enable timely and adequate responses to potential crises. The scientific novelty lies in developing a multi-dimensional model for assessing financial security, which incorporates financial metrics, the impact of human resources, sustainable development parameters, and global risk factors in the context of sustainable development. Particular emphasis is placed on sustainable finance, defined as the redirection of financial flows, such as investments, loans, and credit lines, towards projects and companies that advance environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals. This includes areas such as climate change mitigation, energy efficiency, biodiversity preservation, and equitable social progress. The study substantiates that implementing a financial security management system allows for the creation of a qualitatively new and integrated safety framework with increased efficiency.

“Attributing Value to Ecosystem Services Through Planning Regulations as a Tool for Development Finance”

Ecosystem services provide essential benefits necessary for maintaining ecological balance and human welfare, including air purification, water filtration, climate regulation, biodiversity preservation, and more. However, these services are often undervalued or ignored in economic and urban development planning frameworks, resulting in significant ecological degradation. The integration of ecosystem service valuation into land-use planning, linked with tools such as transferable development rights (TDRs), offers solutions to balance conservation and sustainability while generating economic value. TDR markets enable resource preservation by diverting urban development to less ecologically sensitive zones, monetizing ecosystem benefits, and incentivizing land-use balance. This paper focuses on the theoretical foundations, methodologies, and global practices for incorporating the value of ecosystem services into urban planning and development finance processes. Case studies from both global and Indian contexts highlight successful applications and ongoing challenges of TDR markets, regulatory reforms, and ecosystem service valuation frameworks. Building on these insights, a strategic framework is proposed to align development finance with sustainable development goals (SDGs) and community participation. Issues associated with lack of institutional readiness, valuation challenges, and barriers to public engagement are also examined. By integrating ecosystem services into planning regulations, conservation can be a driver of sustainable economic growth, ensuring environmental preservation. Keywords: Ecosystem services, transferable development rights, ecosystem valuation, sustainable development, land-use planning, development finance.

Resilience and Adaptation: Plant Ecology in Indonesia’s Geothermal Environments

Geothermal ecosystems are defined by extreme environmental conditions, such as elevated temperatures, high concentrations of toxic chemicals, and fluctuations in abiotic stressors, which shape plant survival and adaptation. These unique ecosystems, found across various geothermal regions globally, support specialized plant communities that have developed distinctive morphological, physiological, and ecological adaptations. Indonesia, located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, is one of the world’s richest geothermal nations, offering an important yet underexplored context for studying vegetation in geothermal zones. This review examines the environmental conditions of geothermal ecosystems, the adaptive strategies of vegetation, and patterns of plant diversity within Indonesian geothermal fields. It also explores ecological succession, community dynamics, and the potential use of geothermal vegetation as environmental indicators for biomonitoring. Despite growing interest, significant research gaps remain, particularly in long-term monitoring and the integration of molecular-level studies. Addressing these gaps is essential for enhancing scientific understanding and informing conservation and sustainable geothermal energy development in tropical regions. This review highlights the ecological significance of geothermal vegetation and underscores the need for interdisciplinary research to support both biodiversity preservation and responsible energy exploitation.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ПРИРОДООРІЄНТОВАНИХ РІШЕНЬ В ІННОВАЦІЙНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЛІСОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

Introduction. It is important to systematically introduce the concept of nature-based solutions into the activities of forestry enterprises in Ukraine to achieve the principles of sustainable development, preservation of biodiversity and ecological sustainability of natural ecosystems, as well as to ensure the economic and social well-being. Innovative solutions increase labor productivity, optimize production processes, reduce resource consumption, contribute to the development of effective and efficient approaches to the management system, increase the competitiveness of forestry enterprises and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The purpose of the article is the theoretical and methodological principles and practical aspects of the implementation of nature-based solutions in the activities of forestry enterprises as a response to modern challenges and threats in the field of forestry. Methods. The research used such methods as description, explanation, comparison, system approach, financial analysis. Results. Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions that protect, conserve, restore and sustainably use natural ecosystems, contributing to solving social, economic and environmental challenges. A financial analysis of three NBSs was performed: street green furniture, green pergolas, forbs, which are aimed at creating environmentally friendly facilities. It is argued that the proposed solutions correspond to the sustainable use of forest resources and the preservation of the natural environment. It was determined that nature-based approaches to management include biodiversity conservation, creation of ecological corridors, development of sustainable forestry, environmentally friendly production, monitoring and control, and innovative management. Conclusions. Today, the forestry of Ukraine operates in a VUCA-World, which requires to be flexible, innovative and able to respond quickly to changes. Innovation is an important step to ensure the sustainable development of the forest industry and the preservation of natural ecosystems for future generations.

Herbariomic approach solved identity crisis of the putatively extinct Armeria arcuata Welw. ex Boiss. & Reut. (Plumbaginaceae).

Herbariomic approach solved identity crisis of the putatively extinct Armeria arcuata Welw. ex Boiss. & Reut. (Plumbaginaceae).

Vegetation Mapping by Satellite, Drone Imagery, Machine Learning and Deep Learning

High-resolution multispectral images from satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer intricate insights into vegetation cover, structure, and composition. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms play a pivotal role in analyzing extensive observational data for vegetation mapping across vast distances. These algorithms possess the capability to automatically derive features from images and accurately classify diverse plant species. The integration of satellite and UAV imagery with ML and DL techniques enables the generation of intricate vegetation maps across different spatial and temporal dimensions. These maps serve as valuable resources for diverse applications, including urban planning, biodiversity preservation, agricultural and forestry management, and climate change studies. The article introduces tools aimed at comprehending and overseeing Earth's ecosystems by leveraging satellite imagery for vegetation mapping, alongside machine learning and deep learning methodologies.

A new method for assessing the operational value of sows

The paper presents the results of a study of the lifespan, breeding use, and reproductive qualities of sows of the Large White breed of foreign origin. Based on the research results, a new mathematical model, “operating value of a sow,” was developed, and a scale for evaluating animals of the specified production group was developed according to this indicator. The research was conducted in agricultural formations of Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa, and Sumy regions, as well as in the animal husbandry laboratory of the State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS. The work was carried out following the scientific research program of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine No. 31, “Genetic improvement of farm animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity.” (Genetics, preservation, and reproduction of bioresources in animal husbandry). The research results show that high lifespan indicators, breeding use, and reproductive qualities characterize sows of the Large White breed of foreign origin. A significant difference between the animals of the experimental groups (I, “high level of operational value” – III, “low level of operational value” was established by the following indicators: life expectancy (18.7 months; td = 13.75), duration of breeding use (19.6 months; td = 15.68), total number of farrowing received (4.1; td = 26.97), total number of live piglets received (52.3 heads; td = 30.40), multiparity (1.1 heads; td = 4.78), number of piglets at the time of weaning (0.3 heads; td = 2.14), litter weight at the time of weaning at the age of 30 days (4.5 kg; td = 3.46). The number of significant pairwise correlation coefficients between the index “operating value of the sow” (Kh1), life expectancy, duration of breeding use, and reproductive qualities of sows is 100 % and ranges from – 0.389 ± 0.0626 to +0.999 ± 0.0001. It was established that the maximum increase in additional production was obtained from the I experimental group sows with a “high level of operational value.” It is +3.67 %, and its cost is +145.67 UAH/head/farrowing. The evaluation index “Kh1” for sows of the “high level of operational value” category ranges from 83.55 to 134.67 points.

Morphological diversity and genetic homogeneity in Spondylus squamosus from Lianga Bay, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

Abstract. Ruaza FC. 2025. Morphological diversity and genetic homogeneity in Spondylus squamosus (Scheiber, 1703) from Lianga Bay, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Biodiversitas 26: 1768-1776. This study investigates the two morphotypes of Spondylus squamosus found in the northern and southern parts of Lianga Bay, Surigao del Sur, using landmark-based geomorphometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for shell microstructures, and molecular analysis. The research aims to determine the morphological and genetic differences between the two morphotypes and assess their plasticity and potential evolutionary divergence. Geomorphometric analysis revealed distinct clusters among the morphotypes when projected onto a two-dimensional plane based on their relative warp coordinates, suggesting significant morphological plasticity in shell structure. Despite these differences in external morphology, shell microstructure analysis showed that both morphotypes share the same shell structure, characterized by a regular complex crossed lamellar outer layer composed of long rod-shaped mineral crystals stacked parallel to each other. Molecular analysis using mitochondrial 12S and 16S genes revealed a high percentage of identity, confirming that both northern and southern individuals are S. squamosus. This genetic consistency supports the conclusion that the two morphotypes belong to the same species, despite their morphological variability. The significance of these findings is underscored by their implications for biodiversity preservation and conservation strategies in Lianga Bay. Understanding the ecological dynamics and the role of S. squamosus within the ecosystem provides insights into sustainable management strategies. This study recommends further research into the environmental factors contributing to this morphological diversity, considering the adaptive significance of these differences to provide insights into the evolutionary processes shaping S. squamosus populations.

Investigating pollinator dynamics and regional variations in Doda, J&K, INDİA: challenges, montioring and conservation perspectives

This study explores the plant-pollinator network in district Doda, Jammu & Kashmir, India, a Himalayan region with limited research on biodiversity and pollination ecology. Pollinators like bees, butterflies, and beetles are vital for ecosystem health and agricultural productivity, yet Doda lacks comprehensive data on its pollinator species and interactions, unlike the Kashmir Valley and Jammu region. Drawing insights from similar regions such as Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, this research highlights the ecological role of pollinators and emphasizes the need for extensive field exploration in Doda. The study advocates for an interdisciplinary approach combining ecological, agricultural, and local knowledge, recommending detailed surveys, long-term monitoring, and socio-economic studies to understand pollination’s impact on agriculture. It calls for collaborative efforts among researchers, agricultural departments, and conservationists to gather baseline data, promote biodiversity preservation, and enhance agricultural sustainability. These efforts are crucial for supporting local livelihoods and establishing a foundation for future research and conservation initiatives in Doda's unique ecological networks.

Harvesting Solutions: The Intersection of Technology, Agriculture, and Healthcare

Advancements in agricultural technology, including CRISPR gene-editing, blockchain technology, nanotechnology, and precision agriculture, are revolutionizing farming practices and offering sustainable solutions to global challenges like food insecurity, poverty, and climate change. These innovations hold immense potential to enhance crop yields, improve resource efficiency, strengthen supply chain transparency, and contribute to economic stability by fostering inclusive growth and empowering marginalized farming communities. However, widespread adoption faces ethical, financial, and regulatory barriers, including concerns about biodiversity preservation, unintended ecological consequences, and the need for infrastructure upgrades and policy frameworks prioritizing digital inclusion. Synthetic food production, such as lab-grown meats, also poses questions about the long-term impacts of artificial growth mediums and genetic manipulation on human health, requiring rigorous scientific evaluation and public dialogue. This paper explores the transformative role of these technologies in creating resilient food systems, examining their potential to reduce disparities in food access and their broader socio-economic impacts. By advancing global food security, fostering environmental sustainability, and addressing systemic inequalities, these innovations underscore the critical interplay between technology, policy, and community engagement in shaping the future of agriculture.