The technology of formal software verification has made spectacular advances, but how much does it actually benefit the development of practical software? Considerable disagreement remains about the practicality of building systems with mechanically-checked proofs of correctness. Is this prospect confined to a few expensive, life-critical projects, or can the idea be applied to a wide segment of the software industry? To help answer this question, the present survey examines a range of projects, in various application areas, that have produced formally verified systems and deployed them for actual use. It considers the technologies used, the form of verification applied, the results obtained, and the lessons that the software industry should draw regarding its ability to benefit from formal verification techniques and tools. Note: this version is the extended article, covering all the systems identified as relevant. A shorter version, covering only a selection, is also available.

This study aimed to evaluate the progress in the collection and interpretation of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and Health-Related Quality of life (HRQoL) in thoracic surgery. We invited all members of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) and the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery (JACS) via e-mail, providing survey information in both English and Japanese. It consisted of 19 questions addressing the use of HRQoL assessment in clinical practice. In total, we received 234 responses: 84 from ESTS, 128 from JACS and 22 from other societies The present survey showed that 58.5% of surgeons have never collected HRQoL data in their practice. The EORTC-QLQ-LC29 was the most frequently used questionnaire, reported by 24.7% of participants. A total of 137 (59.6%) responses identified HRQoL as the most important PROM. As for timing of data collection, 37.1% responded most important timing of data collection was prior to adjuvant chemotherapy and 24.1% of participants rated HRQoL evaluation six months after surgery. This study successfully collected responses from thoracic surgeons in both Europe and Japan. Although still underused, these findings highlight that surgeons increasingly recognize the value of PROMs, particularly in the context of multimodal treatment.

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning models are frequently developed in medical research to optimize patient care, yet they remain rarely used in clinical practice.ObjectiveThis study aims to understand the disconnect between model development and implementation by surveying physicians of all specialties across the United States.MethodsThe present survey was distributed to residency coordinators at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited residency programs to disseminate among attending physicians and resident physicians affiliated with their academic institution. Respondents were asked to identify and quantify the extent of their training and specialization, as well as the type and location of their practice. Physicians were then asked follow-up questions regarding AI in their practice, including whether its use is permitted, whether they would use it if made available, primary reasons for using or not using AI, elements that would encourage its use, and ethical concerns.ResultsOf the 941 physicians who responded to the survey, 384 (40.8%) were attending physicians and 557 (59.2%) were resident physicians. The majority of the physicians (651/795, 81.9%) indicated that they would adopt AI in clinical practice if given the opportunity. The most cited intended uses for AI were risk stratification, image analysis or segmentation, and disease prognosis. The most common reservations were concerns about clinical errors made by AI and the potential to replicate human biases.ConclusionsTo date, this study comprises the largest and most diverse dataset of physician perspectives on AI. Our results emphasize that most academic physicians in the United States are open to adopting AI in their clinical practice. However, for AI to become clinically relevant, developers and physicians must work synergistically to design models that are accurate, accessible, and intuitive while thoroughly addressing ethical concerns associated with the implementation of AI in medicine.

Introduction : cough is one of the most frequently reported medical symptoms in clinical pratice. Its features duration and serveity depand on the etiogly . the symptoms are greatly affcted by enviromental fectors also. kofeez cough syrap a hemopathic formulation by medisynth , is wedly prescribed for all types of coughs across age of groups since decrades . the present survey is aimed to assess doctors preception , prescriprtion pattern , and crinical expresions with kofiz couph syrap across india

Abstract Background Previous cross-sectional surveys showed that between 20 to 35% of the adult population report health effects in contact with fragrances. The present international survey with 3152 self-reported fragrance sensitive persons addresses the situation in more detail, gathered reported symptoms, underlying diseases, strategies to cope with fragrance sensitivity, and the impact on participation in social life and on quality of life. Results On average, every fragrance sensitive person in this survey associates almost ten health symptoms with fragrance exposure, the most frequent ones being cognitive problems, migraine/headaches, mucous membrane problems and breathing problems. More than a third (37.47%) of the survey participants indicate that they have experienced a physical breakdown due to heavy exposure to fragrances. Almost half of the respondents (48.92%) report that their fragrance sensitivity was the reason why they lost their job. Nearly 70% (68,31%) of survey participants indicate that they are excluded from social life almost completely or very strongly, and nearly two thirds (62.53%) indicate that they are forced into increasing isolation almost completely or very strongly. Around three quarters (76.84%) of survey participants state that fragrance exposure affects their quality of life strongly or takes away any quality of life completely. Conclusions Fragrance exposure is an invisible barrier that leads to isolation of fragrance sensitive persons in society. General avoidance of fragrances does not heal their sensitivity, but prevents the manifestation of the symptoms, so that fragrance sensitive persons would be able to participate in and contribute to society. Fragrance-free regulations for important areas, such as those implemented partially in Canada and the USA, would be an important improvement. Many fragrance substances are hazardous with effects for the human health and the environment, but they are not essential for human health, safety or for the functioning of society. Therefore, hazardous fragrances are obvious candidates for a prompt phase out according to the European essential use concept. A responsible use of fragrances would not only help fragrance vulnerable individuals, but also the general population and the environment.

A national survey on the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and artificial intelligence: attitudes and perceptions from the individuals with health needs.

Experiences and Perspectives of the American Public Health Association Chiropractic Health Care Section Leaders: A Qualitative Analysis.

Objective: The objective of present survey was to acquire the Knowledge, Practice, and Usability of Tibetan Herbal Medicine (Sowa Rigpa): A community survey in the Sajong-Kagyud area, Sikkim, India. Methods: A study was conducted with n=17 out of 322 people from the area. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire, face-to-face interview about demographics, reasons for using Tibetan medicine, and details about its uses. Results: Out of 322 survey respondents, only 17 reported using THM in the selected area. It revealed the total number of users were very low rate of adaptability (17/322=5.3%) only. Mostly used THM were 26 formulations finds in the dominant’s frequencies are widely utilized by different age groups and witnessed gender-wise (male-59% and female-41%) use patterned (fig. 2) and. The age group 41-60 y had the highest number of users, followed by the 20-40 y and above 61 y age groups (table 2). The pre-dominant of THM is in Kagyuk area (65%) than the Sajong (35%) out of n=17. Based on the type of formulations, solid (92%), followed by semi-solid (4%) and liquid (4%). The main reasons for its use include personal recommendation (58%) and cultural beliefs (29%); commonly treated (frequency of usability) (fig. 3) conditions include gastritis (23%), immunity booster (17%), followed by joint pain, neurological pain, tonsilitis, ovarian cyst, sinusitis, hypertension (11%), toothache, insomnia, constipation, anti-inflammatory (5%). Conclusion: This survey highlights the important role of THM, showing low rate of user adaptability (5.3%) and the need for further research to understand barriers to adoption.

Nowadays many researches are devoted to pathological mathematical objects of real analysis such as the Moran and Cantor-like fractal sets, functions with complicated local structure, as well as their generalizations and various applications. For example, these applications include the development of fractal multiformalism, general fractal measures and dimensions, as well as Hewitt-Stromberg measures and homogeneous Moran measures, physical and economical modeling, etc. According to historical way of investigations in mathematics, it is important the question on the methodological tools used by classical mathematicians to advance the study of pathological functions. The present survey is devoted to examples and the main techniques for modeling mainly singular functions introduced before 2000 in papers indexed in Scopus. Since the later research in this topic must more explanations, the rest examples will be considered in next papers of the author. The main considered techniques to construct singular functions are following: using systems of functional equations; applying Markov chains and distribution function; using various expansions of arguments and values of a function; certain geometrical iteration procedures; using auxiliary relations for the geometric construction of the graph of a function; applications of auxiliary maps, compositions of functions, and iterated function systems.

BackgroundHealthcare providers and policymakers worldwide differ in their provision of access to adolescent patients’ electronic health records (EHR). The regulatory framework in Sweden restricting both guardians’ and adolescents’ online record access (ORA) has during recent years received criticism. The aim was to quantitatively and qualitatively, explore attitudes about ORA and perceptions about ORA regulations among pediatric oncology healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Sweden.MethodsA convergent mixed-methods design (QUAL, quan) was used, consisting of a survey study (N = 95) and semi-structured individual interviews (N = 13). Physicians and nurses in pediatric oncology were recruited in clinics face-to-face or via staff e-mail. Descriptive statistics were used to present quantitative survey results. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis.ResultsA majority of participants (72%) were critical of the access restrictions but lacked knowledge about access extensions, with more than 60% unaware of application procedures. Five themes emerged regarding both perceived benefits and risks of ORA. Examples of benefits included adolescent empowerment, parental support, and improved partnership; risks included an increased emotional distress and confusion among young patients and their guardians, increased workload for HCPs, and threats to adolescent confidentiality. An additional five identified themes captured HCPs’ views on regulations and included uncertainty, variation among adolescents, and the need to balance parental support and adolescent privacy.ConclusionsFindings indicate lacking knowledge about ORA regulations and little incentive for HCPs to promote its use. While risks of ORA were often directly experienced and concerned confidentiality breaches and difficulties with EHR documentation, benefits tended to be anticipatory and related to patient or parent experiences. Still, HCPs showed limited support for ORA restrictions during adolescence. To ensure safe and effective ORA use, HCPs need clearer guidance and support.Trial registrationNot applicable.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-025-13697-3.

Background/Objectives: Chronic venous disease is a very common disease. Recent studies suggest a potential link between this condition and cardiovascular disease or mortality. Common pathophysiological features include endothelial injury, hypercoagulability, and systemic inflammation. Conservative management of chronic venous disease includes compression therapy and pharmacological treatment. However, there is some controversy regarding the exact place of pharmacological treatment in the management of this condition. We conducted the VeinHeart Survey to gather information on the management of patients with chronic venous disease referred to vascular specialists in Italy. Methods: The present survey involved 78 Italian phlebologists, angiologists, and vascular surgeons, with data from a total of 1621 patients. Results: Drug therapies prescribed by vascular specialists participating in this survey included: glycosaminoglycans, topical phlebotonics, systemic phlebotonics, and supplements. The most commonly prescribed medications were glycosaminoglycans, both at the first visit and at follow-up. The meantime since the first visit was 56.4 days. Both symptoms and signs improved at follow-up. The most improved signs at follow-up were edema and venous ulcer healing. The prevalence of CEAP classes C3 and C4 also showed a decrease at the follow-up visit. Conclusions: The findings of this survey provide a picture of the state of the art of current pharmacological treatments prescribed by expert clinicians in the management of patients with chronic venous disease in Italy. This may offer some useful insights for the optimization of current therapeutic options, in order to improve the clinical management of this disease.

25-Year trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Results from the biennial ACL Study Group survey from 1998 to 2023.

BackgroundPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disorder that has also recently been associated with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). While several studies have highlighted that pulmonary health is frequently altered in women with PCOS and vice versa, no mechanistic investigation has elucidated an overlapped etiology, so far. Thus, in the present survey we explored the frequency of respiratory issues in a population of PCOS patients, and the medical characteristics that possibly link the two diseases.ResultsA total of 353 women participated in the survey. CRDs affected 27.4% of the surveyed PCOS patients, with asthma representing the most prevalent respiratory problem in 61.5% of cases. In 59.3% of women, respiratory and PCOS onset appaired at the same age and in 68% of cases first symptoms appeared in adolescence.ConclusionsWhile several authors have linked respiratory issues and menstrual disturbances, there are no available surveys that investigate the frequency of CRDs in PCOS patients. Despite their qualitative nature, our results sustain previous indications on a possible link between CRDs and PCOS. In future, appropriate studies may elucidate possible etiological mechanisms joining respiratory health to PCOS.

Abstract The present survey was designed to find out the attitudes of selected informants from Northeastern Bulgaria – persons who confirmed that use medicinal plants, towards phytotherapy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the first part of our survey was focused on the source of information of herbal utilization, the way of obtaining of medicinal plants, safety concerns and influence of demographic features of the participants. The survey revealed that people who used herbal remedies rely on new informative sources as internet and mass media. As can be expected, the sex and the level of education influenced the respondents‘ statement about herbal safety. Amongst the demographic features, the place of residence exerted impact on answers to several questions – the way of obtaining of herbs, their possible side effects and the possibility to replace synthetic drugs. An alarm are the hesitant answers to the questions about the herbal side effects and the control of production of herbal preparations. Moreover, the present survey revealed new focus groups for providing of information about the safe production of herbal medicines – students and single living persons.

The characterization of vehicle breakup and demise during atmospheric entry is necessary for reducing risks posed by objects reentering from space and conducting flight safety analyses. Many demising vehicle components and space debris can be modeled as primitive shapes, such as spheres, cuboids, cylinders, and rings. Present work surveys and develops parametric drag, lift, moment, and heating models of these primitive shapes based on computational fluid dynamic calculations and experimental data. Since these shapes lack aerodynamic stability and are expected to tumble during demise, the aerodynamic and aeroheating models are further simplified by spherically averaging over all flight attitudes. This paper completely describes all model forms and presents all model parameters required for subsequent reentry breakup simulations.

The physiological activity of stomach and esophagus is often impaired by the onset of various diseases such as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), esophagitis, hiatal hernia, tertiary esophageal waves, Barrett’s esophagus, achalasia, gastritis, peptic ulcers, esophageal and gastric cancer. These pathologies present different symptomatology that could be classified as gastro-esophageal and extra gastro-esophageal and the current pharmacological treatments are poor in providing comprehensive therapeutic support with good efficacy and safety. Refluward® HA is an innovative nutraceutical formulation with two patented technologies named WARDIMIX® and MUCEDIG®. A total of 40 patients suffering of four different conditions correlated with gastro-esophageal area such as gastro-esophageal reflux, reflux esophagitis, hiatal hernia and tertial esophageal waves with both typical and atypical GERD symptomatology were enrolled in the present retrospective clinical survey. Refluward® HA oral administration after one month reduced the total symptomatology of gastro-esophageal diseases according to two different questionnaire used RSI and GIS score. Moreover, continuing the therapy up to 3 months, a further reduction in the symptomatology was obtained without any side effect or drop out. More consistent randomized and placebo-controlled studies considering also plasmatic or endoscopic data are necessary to confirm Refluward® HA as a novel therapeutic potential treatment for different gastro-esophageal diseases.

While the effects of interpersonal social comparison have been widely explored, the potential consequences of human-machine comparison remain understudied. The present survey research investigates how individuals compare themselves to generative artificial intelligence (GAI), by extending the concept of social comparison orientation to human-GAI interactions. Using a large Chinese sample (N = 1302), we examine the relationships between two subtypes of human-GAI comparison orientation (ability-based and opinion-based), self-esteem, perceived identity threat, anthropocentric beliefs, and personal relative deprivation within the framework of the Rejection-Identification Model. The findings reveal that both ability-based and opinion-based comparisons with GAI positively relate to self-esteem, diverging from relevant findings on interpersonal comparisons. In addition, ability-based comparisons with GAI significantly heighten the perceived identity threat, whereas opinion-based comparisons with GAI may alleviate it. Furthermore, anthropocentric beliefs (i.e., human-first attitudes) suppress the negative effect of identity threat on self-esteem, which is also mediated by personal relative deprivation. In addition, a post hoc exploratory multigroup analysis was conducted based on usage frequency. The present study highlights the importance of investigating human-AI comparison and expands the explanatory power of classical concepts and frameworks from the self and identity domains, contributing to psychological interventions aimed at mitigating the potential adverse effects driven by human-machine relationships.

More than 50% of the world's largest countries and cities depend on groundwater for their daily needs. In particular, 80% of the largest cities in the Middle East, South Asia, and Central Asia rely on groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and industrial uses. In this review, we discuss the impacts of climate change on groundwater, various sources of arsenic contamination in groundwater, the current status of arsenic contamination in selected major countries in South Asia, the integrated application of remote sensing and machine learning methods in arsenic detection, and novel treatment techniques for the removal of arsenic from groundwater. In this study, we found that unconsolidated aquifers and coastal aquifers are the major sources of arsenic contamination in groundwater. On the basis of the present literature survey, the majorly affected coastal aquifers are 11 coastal provinces in Bangladesh, 9 provinces in Vietnam, 3 provinces in Cambodia, and 2 provinces in Thailand. In view of health impacts, the continuous consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater has serious health impacts, such as the detection of cancer in the skin, lungs, kidneys, and bladder; heart disease; hypertension; increased blood pressure; and nervous system problems. The advanced satellite images with genetic algorithm, support vector machine, and artificial neural network are highly efficient methods to detect arsenic in groundwater. Treatment techniques, namely, adsorption, membrane filtration, electrocoagulation, and ion-exchange processes, are more significant and effective methods for removing arsenic from groundwater. The lack of awareness among people and strategies for water management systems are the primary reasons for groundwater contamination in many parts of South Asian countries, and very few policies have been implemented at the international level to reduce arsenic contamination in groundwater. The present detailed review will be helpful to policymakers and nongovernmental organizations to take remedial measures and conduct awareness programs in rural and semiarid zones.

Background: Over the last years, the discussion about gender equality has reached surgery. Among all the different aspects being discussed, the question of the necessity of implementing a women's quota arises regularly. Materials and methods: In 2022 a questionnaire was answered by members of the German Society for Vascular Surgery and Vascular Medicine. Relevant career and family-life related demographic aspects as well as their personal opinion on the need for a women's quota were evaluated. Results: 540 vascular surgeons participated in the survey. Significantly more male surgeons were in a committed relationship. Significantly more partners of female colleagues had full-time jobs, and significantly less women stated that they were the main earners in the relationship. Male surgeons had significantly more children. In general, men held higher positions and significantly more male surgeons were enrolled as head of department. Significantly more women favoured a women's quota for e.g. head of department positions, senior surgeon positions, scientific committees and scientific panels at scientific conferences. Regarding the level of such a quota, 43% of participating female surgeons and 19.5% of males suggested a 50% quota, whereas 59% of male and 30% of female surgeons did not see the need of a women's quota at all. Conclusions: The present survey shows the imbalance between men and women in vascular surgery in Germany in terms of career development and family life. Persistent disadvantages for women were shown. Women's quotas could be helpful, but are certainly no reasonable "stand-alone-approach": a general change of mindset is needed here.

The assessment of contamination level is significant in environmental pollution, as it is largely attributed to anthropogenic activities. Concerning this aim, the present survey study was conducted to determine concentrations of the selected heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), and, in water, soil, potato tissues, human blood serum across tubewell (TW), canal water (CW), and sewage water (SW) irrigated sites in Sargodha and Sillanwali during 2023-2024. The targeted heavy metals were analyzed following standard procedures using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the concentration of tested heavy metals, such as Pb, Fe, Cr, Zn, and Ni, in water samples was found below the permissible limits by the World Health Organization (WHO). Whereas Cd (0.15-0.48 mg L-1), Cu (0.33-1.22 mg L-1), and Mn (0.04-0.35 mg L-1) were above the permissible limits of WHO. In case of soil samples, all the tested heavy metals were found below the permissible limits except Fe (10.4-17.8 mgkg-1). In case of potato tissue samples, Pb (0.13-0.95 mgkg-1), Mn (1.22-3.45 mgkg-1), and Ni (0.14-0.47 mgkg-1) were above the permissible limits of WHO. The pollution indices, including contamination factor (CF = 0.0040-0.37), enrichment factor (EF = 0.0081-0.91), estimated daily intake (EDI = 0.0009-0.28), hazard quotient (HQ = 0.0014-0.94), and bioconcentration factor (BCF = 0.04-0.47), were determined. The concentration of metals was found to be high at site SW1 (sewage water site-1) and less at site TW2 (tubewell water site-2); however, the values of all indices were still found to be below 1, indicating that levels of metals at all sites were found within safe permissible limits. Metal accumulation in the edible parts of food crops due to the use of untreated wastewater can lead to toxicity in humans. Although treating wastewater for irrigation purposes is crucial, it is more vital to treat it for human health protection before its use.