Present Scenario Research Articles

Proposal for a New Treatment Algorithm for Proximal Humerus Fractures based on a Clinical Survey among 340 Surgeons

Proposal for a New Treatment Algorithm for Proximal Humerus Fractures based on a Clinical Survey among 340 Surgeons

Predicting climate change impacts on marine fisheries, biodiversity and economy in the Canary/Iberia current upwelling system.

The vulnerability of fisheries to climate change (CC) is driven by exposure factors that can affect species and fisheries differently at regional level. Ecological and socioeconomic consequences of climate change were assessed by evaluating a set of species (N=53), caught by Portuguese fleet, that are likely to be affected by changes in oceanographical conditions (climatic scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) by the middle of this century (2041-2060). A novel approach was used which consist in estimate species habitat vulnerability index to CC by combining species habitat suitability with species sensitivity (life history ecological-biological traits), that was considered the weighting score for habitat suitability estimations by niche ecological models. Exploited species denote little specialization and have a large marginalization range with results showing that shifts in environmental variables, expected in the future, did not alter general distribution patterns of study species. Specialization was associated with sea surface temperature while marginality to depth, indicating that species can find refuges at higher depths without losing distribution range. Predicted changes in habitat suitability values across all species varied between a decrease of 11% and an increase of 7%, with species mean shifts around ±4%. Catch composition by species (similarity >95% regardless scenario/area), functional groups (similarity >97% regardless scenario/area), trophic level structure (similarity >98% regardless scenario/area) and marine biodiversity (marine trophic index∼3.35 regardless scenario/area) projected for the middle of this century, showed similarities to the present scenario. Economic losses estimated for the middle of this century correspond to a maximum value of 3% in catch and 2.3% economically. Fisheries revenue could not be jeopardized due to CC until the middle of the century. Under results found maintaining sustainable fishing management strategies is the best way to mitigate CC effects.

Static Analysis and Design of Multistorey (G+3) Residential Building using STAAD Pro

In this project, an attempt is made to analysis and design a multi-storey building (G+3, Residential Building) using STAAD Pro software. In the present scenario, huge numbers of structures have constructed in the world for numerous purposes. These structures have been designed from different techniques such as load bearing wall structures, framed structures, shell structures, composite structures, etc. In the present study has been focused on G+3 stories residential building for evaluate the static responses. The building has been constructed in symmetrical throughout with using framed structures. The study has been opted three steps: 1) Built geometrical and 3D model: the geometrical drawing and 3D model of the building has been done by Auto Cad and Staad Pro., 2) Performed static analysis: the building has been analyzed from Dead load, Live load, Wind load and their possible combinations using by IS codes. 3) Desing: Finally, building has been designed from M20 and M25 grade concrete for checking which structure is more stable and economical.

NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR COASTAL ADAPTATION: A MODELLING STUDY IN THE SICILY COAST (ITALY)

Since the middle of the last century, coastal ecosystems have experienced an unprecedently rapid decline in biodiversity and ecologic value (Waltham et al. 2020). The combination of climate change and anthropic activities has led to a global scale degradation of these habitats in terms of spatial extent and ecosystem functionality (Toimil et al., 2020). This occurrence entails not only the depletion of the species richness these environments encompass, but also a reduction in the ecosystem services they provide. However, coastal vegetation is more efficient in storing carbon than forests up to one order of magnitude (Mossman et al., 2022), besides being an effective climate regulator and pollutant filterer. Moreover, effectiveness of seagrass in wave energy attenuation is largely proven in literature, same applies to coastal wetlands in laminating flood surges (Ondiviela et al. 2014; van Zelst et al., 2021). In the present work, a study to investigate the performance of coastal NbS to mitigate climate change-driven flooding and erosion within a case study is carried out. An hydro- morphodynamic modelling chain is setup to assess the effectiveness of restoration actions to reduce coastal risk in present and future scenarios in a case study. The model is able to simulate dissipative effects of vegetation, and is employed to assess performance of a set of measures to reduce coastal flooding and erosion due to extreme wave events combined with sea level rise.

Superpositions of generalized Schrödinger cat states exposed to the amplitude damping noise

Abstract Superpositions of even and odd Schrodinger cat 
states, exposed to the amplitude damping noise, exhibit regularities in the time evolution that allow to encode a logical qubit. In the present scenario, we evaluate how the above-mentioned encoding procedure is affected by perturbations of the canonical coherent states that form the initial superposition. The above-mentioned regularities are maintained, over determined times, by perturbations of the canonical coherent states given by Wright generalized coherent states, but do not hold for perturbations given by Mittag-Leffler generalized coherent states. Thus, the above-mentioned encoding procedure 
can be performed with mutually orthogonal Wright generalized Schrodinger cat states exposed to the amplitude damping noise. The encoding procedure holds for special values of the label over time intervals that are determined by the distribution of the negative real zeros of the Wright function.

Dispositivos portáteis para medição dos níveis de açúcar em bebidas: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

ABSTRACTKnowing the levels of sugar ingested in foods and beverages isessential for health, given its relationship with various diseasessuch as obesity and diabetes, among others. Using portable devicesfor measuring sugar in beverages aims to raise awareness and alertpeople about excessive sugar consumption. This work presentsa systematic literature review (SLR) conducted using the PICOmethodology and managed with the Parsifal tool to identify newmethods and portable devices for measuring sugar in beveragescommonly consumed by the population. Seven papers were selectedfor a more in-depth analysis, showing that the most commonly usedtechniques for this application are electrochemical techniques usingimmersion electrodes and non-visible light through Near-InfraredSpectroscopy. Only one study briefly addressed using the Internetof Medical Things to share results. The study aims to present thecurrent academic scenario by mapping technologies and openingnew research possibilities.

Issues and Challenges in Agricultural Reforms with reference to the ideology of Dr. Babasaheb R. Ambedkar in present scenario

Farming is one of the primary sources as well as foundation of economic activities of India. A huge part of rural population of India which estimated around 65% depends on agriculture. It guarantees about 58% employment in the country. After 75 years of independence, there is still poverty in rural areas. Removal of poverty and raising the living standard of common man must be a prime concern for a welfare state in a democratic system. After independence, various Indian states initiated the process for land reforms through legislation. The Zamindari Abolition and Land Reform Act, 1950 was enacted to abolish the very exploitative system of Zamindari and introduce land reforms. Uttar Pradesh Revenue Code, 2006 was enacted repealing Zamindari Abolition and Land Reform Act, 1950to amalgamate, modify and improve legal framework regarding land occupancies and legal provisions related to land revenue applicable in Sate. Land reform is not a prime concern of this new Code. It does not address the issues related to the productivity of land, technological support to farmers, establishing necessary infrastructure such as construction of tanks, wells, water channels, supply of water for agricultural purposes, the protection of land from floods, levelling or terracing of land, erection of buildings for profitable use of the holding, employment of capital and labor. Three acts governing agricultural issues were passed by Parliament in 2020. First one of them is the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020 (FAPAFS Act, 2020). The national legal framework for Contract Farming was created. The law-making body put its sincere efforts to regulate the relations between various stakeholders of contract farming. Apprehending future disputes, comprehensive mechanism for resolution of disputes also evolved under the above legal framework. The second one is the Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020 (FPTC Act, 2020). FPTC Act, 2020 protects the rights to choice and provided liberty to the farmers to sell their farm produce anywhere in the country without any legal hindrance. The Act aims to stimulate online marketing system for farmers in whole country. To regulate supply of essential agricultural produces and items, the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 was amended to empower Central Government to take appropriate legal recourse in interest of the nation and public during unexpected situations of the country. Unexpected situations were mentioned in the Act such as war, famine, natural calamities or unusual price rises in the market. Thus, the major issue of agricultural reforms was still untouched under these laws. Although, The Farm Laws Repeal Act 2021 has been passed, and all the above three Acts have been repealed. The impact of these agricultural laws on the tenurial rights has also to be analysed.

Hybrid approach for excision of mucocele in a 14-year-old child: a case report

Mucocele, a frequent lesion or rural mucosa, is caused by mucus accumulation in the minor salivary glands and includes buildup of mucus with minimal swelling. Extravasation and retention are the two histology variations. The development of small salivary glands determines how they look. Since clinical examination is used to make the diagnosis, medical history is crucial. Clinically, they have a smooth surface, appear bluish-red, and can occasionally be translucent. Co2 laser micro masculinization surgery is commonly used as a therapy. The 14-yr/o girl in this case study has been complaining of swelling in the bottom front part of her lip for a year. The patient did not report any trauma preceding the swelling. The lesion was painless and the patient were concerned about the swelling. In the present case scenario, a hybrid technique of laser and surgical excision using Bard Parker number 15 was used.

Comprehensive Review on Medicinal Value of Poisonous Plants

Poisonous plants, despite their toxic nature, have played a crucial role in medicine for centuries. If used properly, these deadly plants are incredibly beneficial. Many of these plants contain potent bioactive compounds that, when used in controlled doses, serve as the foundation for various pharmaceutical drugs. This article explores the dual nature of poisonous plants, examining their medicinal applications, pharmacological significance, and the scientific advancements that have transformed toxic botanicals into therapeutic agents. By understanding the balance between toxicity and healing, researchers continue to uncover new medical breakthroughs from nature’s most dangerous flora. The knowledge of toxicity and usefulness of the poisonous plants are the main concern in present day scenario. Keywords Poisonous plants, Castor bean, deadly nightshade, water hemlock, oleander.

Alternative Project Delivery Methods for Infrastructure: In the Context of Nepal

Among several indicators used to assess the effectiveness of project execution are cost, schedule, and quality. In Nepal, issues such as cost overruns, delays, and substandard quality are ubiquitous in the public infrastructure sector, while public funds are consistently lagging far behind in delivering the basic infrastructure amenities. The main aim of this research is to review the most progressive models for public infrastructure delivery used in the global infrastructure sector and examine their applicability for Nepal. To fulfill the objectives, desk study methodology was employed, which includes an extensive analysis of pertinent literature, public reports, and articles concentrated on project delivery methods and their effectiveness and selection criteria. The study results substantiate the limitations of adopting the traditional Design-Bid-Build model for public infrastructure service delivery and conclude that alternative project delivery methods (PDMs) are likely to be more effective in addressing the predominant issues in Nepal. While this study put forward alternative PDMs as a solution for uplifting the infrastructure sector in Nepal, future research could greatly benefit from investigating other topics to provide more comprehensive solutions. Hence, the paper can be helpful for understanding the present scenario, practices, setbacks, and potential solutions for infrastructure development in the context of Nepal.

Evaluation of Various Machine Learning Algorithms for Crime Prediction

Crime poses a challenge to every nation's jurisdiction and administration. Thus, computerized crime forecasting and prediction may contribute toward making cities more secure. However, creating accurate and fast predictions about criminal activity is challenging. This is due to the incapability of humans that they can’t process large amounts of data and information. Thus, in the present scenario, machine learning algorithms are utilized in crime prediction models to analyse big data and find crime patterns based on various factors. In this paper, we have evaluated the various machine learning algorithms, namely, KNN, NN, RF, and NB for crime prediction. In the proposed model, the same dataset is trained and tested for different machine learning algorithms and find out which algorithm is effectively predicting the crime. In addition, pre-processing of the dataset is done to remove inconsistencies in the dataset and select the appropriate features using the correlation matrix. Further, the Chicago dataset is used for evaluation purposes and the code is designed and simulated with the help of Python and google colab software. Finally, the various performance metrics are determined for the crime prediction model and find out that NN outperforms over other machine learning algorithms.

Analysis of the Projected Climate Impacts on the Interlinkages of Water, Energy, and Food Nexus Resources in Narok County, Kenya, and Vhembe District Municipality, South Africa

The current changing climate requires the development of water–energy–food (WEF) nexus-oriented systems capable of mainstreaming climate-smart innovations into resource management. This study demonstrates the cross-sectoral impacts of climate change on interlinked sectors of water, energy, and food in Narok County, Kenya, and Vhembe District, South Africa. This study used projected hydroclimatic extremes across past, present, and future scenarios to examine potential effects on the availability and accessibility of these essential resources. The projected temperature and rainfall are based on nine dynamically downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP 5) of the Global Climate Models (GCMs). The model outputs were derived from two IPCC “Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)’’, the RCP 4.5 “moderate scenario”, and RCP 8.5 “business as usual scenario”, also defined as the addition of 4.5 W/m2 and 8.5 W/m2 radiative forcing in the atmosphere, respectively, by the year 2100. For the climate change projections, outputs from the historical period (1976–2005) and projected time intervals spanning the near future, defined as the period starting from 2036 to 2065, and the far future, spanning from 2066 to 2095, were considered. An ensemble model to increase the skill, reliability, and consistency of output was formulated from the nine models. The statistical bias correction based on quantile mapping using seven ground-based observation data from the South African Weather Services (SAWS) for Limpopo province and nine ground-based observation data acquired from the Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO) for Narok were used to correct the systematic biases. Results indicate downscaled climate change scenarios and integrate a modelling framework designed to depict the perceptions of future climate change impacts on communities based on questionnaires and first-hand accounts. Furthermore, the analysis points to concerted efforts of multi-stakeholder engagement, the access and use of technology, understanding the changing business environment, integrated government and private sector partnerships, and the co-development of community resilience options, including climate change adaptation and mitigation in the changing climate. The conceptual climate and WEF resource modelling framework confirmed that future climate change will have noticeable interlinked impacts on WEF resources that will impact the livelihoods of vulnerable communities. Building the resilience of communities can be achieved through transformative WEF nexus solutions that are inclusive, sustainable, equitable, and balance adaptation and mitigation goals to ensure a just and sustainable future for all.

Purple Fleshed Sweet Potato: A Natural source of Anticancer compounds and its Pharmacognostic evaluation

Purple fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant belongs to the family, Convolvulaceae. They are rich in, starch, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. High concentration of anthocyanin and presence of wide variety of antioxidants, including beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin help to protect cells from damage, reduce inflammation and can lower the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and cognitive decline. Despite their natural sweetness, they have a relatively low glycaemic index and can regulate blood sugar levels and prevent spikes in insulin levels, making them a good choice for people with diabetes. Sweet potato is a highly valuable food crop in the present scenario and hence phytochemical properties and anti-cancer studies were carried out using the tubers of purple fleshed sweet potato. Results revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannin, terpenoids and protein while using water, ethyl acetate and water extracts. In vitro cytotoxicity assay conducted with cell line DLA (Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites) proved 60.5% efficacy of water extract.

Convection-permitting WRF simulation of extreme winds in Canada: Present and Future scenarios

Convection-permitting WRF simulation of extreme winds in Canada: Present and Future scenarios

From Hot to Cold Spots: Climate Change is Projected to Modify Diversity Patterns of Small Mammals in a Biodiversity Hotspot

ABSTRACTAimClimate change represents one of the main threats to global biodiversity, and such alterations are expected to induce shifts in distribution ranges and diversity patterns. We evaluate if protected areas and forest remnants in the Atlantic Forest in South America (AF) are projected to ensure the taxonomic diversity (TD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of non‐volant small mammals under scenarios of future climate change.LocationAtlantic Forest (AF), South America.MethodsWe used Species Distribution Modelling (SDMs) through an ensemble approach to assess the potential distribution of 101 species of small mammals using present (1979–2013) and future (2050 and 2070) climate scenarios. We consider optimistic and pessimistic greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (SSP370 and SSP585). We accessed TD through the sum of the suitable areas vs. areas of low or unknown suitability distribution maps for each species and PD using the sum of the branch lengths of a phylogenetic tree spatialised.ResultsOur models suggest that climate change is likely to reduce the suitable climatic areas for small mammals in the AF. The shrinkage in the potential distribution is projected to lead to high loss of TD and PD. The southeastern region of the Atlantic Forest is likely to experience the most pronounced decline in PD, while some small areas in the southern Atlantic Forest are projected to increase PD in the future.Main ConclusionsOur models suggest a strong decline in TD and in PD from biodiversity hotspot regions in the AF under climate change scenarios. Since small mammals have low dispersal ability, and because most of the AF is highly fragmented, it is unlikely that this biome will sustain small mammal biodiversity in the future.

Influence of Waste Materials on the Performance and Durability of Bituminous Mixes

Abstract: In the present scenario, roads play a crucial role in enhancing connectivity between urban and rural areas, linking them to national and state highways. However, the high cost of road construction remains a significant challenge. To address this issue, it is essential to explore alternative materials that can replace conventional ones, thereby reducing costs without compromising structural integrity and performance. India has the second-largest road network globally, after China, and is also among the top waste-producing countries. Therefore, utilizing waste materials in flexible pavement construction presents a costeffective and sustainable approach. Several studies worldwide have investigated the potential use of various waste materials, such as plastic waste (polythene, PET bottles, plastic bags, and wrappers), waste tire rubber, granite sludge, and waste engine oil, in bituminous mixes. Research findings indicate that incorporating waste materials in flexible pavements can enhance durability, improve resistance to rutting and moisture damage, and reduce environmental pollution. Previous studies suggest that up to 30% waste material can be used without compromising essential pavement properties. Particularly in rural areas, integrating waste-based materials into road construction can significantly lower costs while promoting better infrastructure development. In the current context of sustainable development, adopting waste materials in pavement construction aligns with environmental and economic objectives, making it a viable solution for future road networks.

Present scenario and futuristic applications of nanomaterial-based products in the industry—A review

The article’s proposed engineering uses are based on theories presented in the reviewed research articles and on findings from online investigations into companies that claim to use nanoengineering in their wares. Several pre-existing online consumer inventories and nanotechnology news were examined as part of the internet inquiry. The data about the nanoparticles (NP), or nanostructure, used in commercially available products comes from the remarks made by the manufacturer. Nanoengineered coating agents and textile additives are examples of commercial items developed for industrial clients that fall under the aforementioned uses.

Impact of Earthquakes on Women's Daily Life in Kathmandu

The natural phenomena of 2015 earthquake particularly affect in women daily routine and provide threat. As women were given responsibility of caretaker they face tremendous challenge in their living, protection, physical and mental health. Among various research approach descriptive method was used to take qualitative data from the women who had first experience of earthquake. Moreover, checklists were used in stability of data taken from ethnographic observation and interviews. During the earthquake of 2015 it causes destruction of homes forcing women in movement from one place to another with most of the time spending in temporary shelters. Women are main caregiver for family members, so they are facing depreciation of food and emotional stress. For responding such stressful situations different types of therapy, meditation and social mobilization in community play tremendous role. Although women have such type of difficulty during earthquake they were highly engaged in reformation of their home and society by taking strong decisions. During earthquake particularly the life of all inhabitants were affected but it turned women into their roles and responsibility. However, the problems such as absence of resources, physical and mental health problem and weak economy remain as it is. The wants of women must be taken as priority which not only handle the present scenario but also helps in future activities, making them more enthusiastic in their work and help in taking strong decision process for long term achievement.

Role of ICT in Saudi women empowerment and their participation in labor market

The objective of this empirical study is to evaluate the extent of economic empowerment in Saudi Arabia and examine the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on women's empowerment and their participation in the labor market. This study also aims to evaluate the level of economic empowerment among Saudi women and explore how it can drive economic development and contribute to the 2030 vision. Additionally, it will identify the barriers and challenges Saudi women face in economic empowerment and propose realistic solutions. The research design for the study is based on primary data. The opinions for the study are collected through a survey form, and the respondents are women from Saudi Arabia. The study will sample approximately 400 women respondents from various organizations. The results of the study clearly show that, in the present context, women in Saudi Arabia are much more empowered compared to previous decades. The roles of ICT support women in creating their own respective worlds where they are proving themselves as skilled labor. In the present scenario, with the help of ICT tools and technology, women in Saudi Arabia lead in the labor market and play a crucial role in the economy and welfare as well.

Impact of Global Climate Change in the Distribution and the Range Dynamics of Endemic Orchid Habenaria suaveolens Dalzell in Northern Western Ghats of India

Climate change and human activity have significantly contributed to the decline of biodiversity worldwide. Orchids, in particular, are sensitive to disturbances and may respond rapidly to the impacts of climate change than many other plant species. Due to their complex biology and the pressures placed on their habitats, orchids are considered a highly vulnerable group of plants. The lateritic plateaus of northern Western Ghats support a variety of life forms and are quite fragile in nature. The slightest pressure on the habitat affects all the flora and fauna thriving in these microhabitats. Habenaria suaveolens is one of the endemic orchids that can be found growing in these habitats only. In the present study, we examine the effect of climate change on the distribution of threatened H. suaveolens utilizing ecological niche modeling for present and future climatic scenarios (SSP 2-4.5 & SSP 5-8.5) to identify key environmental determinants and population parameters. A total of 25 occurrence records were used to study the SDM model using the MIROC6 global climatic model. The result revealed that only 19.50% (7921 km2) is highly suitable for the species in the current period. The highly suitable area reduces from 57.99% (SSP245) to 74.12% (SSP585) in 2090. Moreover, the total suitable habitat gets confined to less than 1000 km2 in future climatic conditions. The major environmental variable that predicts the distribution of the species are Bio17 (Precipitation of driest quarter), Bio1 (Annual Mean Temperature), Bio2 (Mean Diurnal Range), and aspect. Recently, the species is becoming less in population due to man-made activities like quarrying, tourism, grazing, trampling, etc., in and around the lateritic plateaus, leading to disturbances in the habitat. This study has provided a baseline data about the contiguous distribution of the species and its potentially suitable habitats in the future for conservationists to take precautionary steps for the protection of the species. Hence, a strategic plan can be compiled based on this to conserve these highly habitat specific plants.