Background: Sickle cell gene is common in various population groups in different parts of India. This makes sickle cell disease a common and clinically relevant symptomatic hemoglobinopathy in India. Clinical features of this disease are very variable. The current review with perspective was created by reviewing national and international literature. Materials and Methods: Literature search in PubMed and in Indian literature resources as well as the author’s own experience of this disease biology spanning over more than 35 years was used as the primary database. Sickle cell anemia, sickle cell disease, was used as the stem against the search terminologies such as Clinical heterogeneity, Population distribution in India, Molecular Mechanisms for severity, Mechanisms, and Blood transfusion. Original articles and review articles were given preference over individual case reports. Results: There were many studies on the relative prevalence of the disease in different parts of the country. The disease in general was milder compared to the Afro-Caribbean form of the disease. The disease in Nagpur and adjoining areas was more severe than that in Gujarat and adjoining Maharashtra. The sickle cell disease in the north east tea garden workers was also milder as also the disease seen in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu and Waynad district of Kerala. The clinical features looked into for severity are painful crisis, chest syndrome, necrosis of femoral heads, and stroke. Little data are available on the perinatal complications of the disease. The frequency and severity of the disease with the above-mentioned clinical presentations were lower in milder forms of disease and presented in relatively older age groups. High fetal hemoglobin and a deletional variety of alpha thal-mutation was associated with milder forms of the disease. Nutritional deficiency, degree of anemia, and coinheritance of beta thalassemia gene tend to minimize the severity. Splenomegaly was very common and often HbS beta thalassemia is misdiagnosed as sickle cell anemia. There are many ways by which the clinical presentation of Sickle cell disease (SCD) is seen but broadly interplay of vaso occlusion and hemolysis in different degrees and in different anatomical locations determines the clinical features and presentation of the condition. High ambient temperature and bad weather conditions also contribute toward differential clinical presentation of the disease and obviously occupation also plays a role. Priapism, pedal ulcers, and ocular manifestations of SCD are rarely reported. Conclusion: There is general consensus that there is clinical heterogeneity in the presentation of sickle cell disease in India both within and across population groups due to genetic and environmental background of the population. However, there are huge gaps in clinical information in this disease in different areas of the country and there are needs to initiate a large-scale population study related to clinical heterogeneity of the disease and correlate these presentations with genetic and environmental as well as nutritional status of the population. Most of the clinical presentation papers are often from hospital data and surely present more severely affected population. Chronic cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic conditions in various groups and in different age groups are poorly recorded.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the representation of female presenters across various roles at the Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA) annual meetings held between 2015 and 2023.MethodsConference programs from the 2015-2023 AANA annual meetings were reviewed. Meeting presenters were categorized by presenter gender (male and female) and role type (academic or invited). Academic roles were subdivided into paper presentation moderators and paper presentations. Invited roles were further subdivided into symposium moderators, symposium lecturers, panel moderators, and panel members. The content presented was categorized into eight areas: shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee, foot and ankle, biologics, and presentations encompassing multiple categories. Female representation among roles and content categories was analyzed using means, proportions, and statistical tests such as two-tailed z-tests and the Pearson correlation coefficient. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. All statistics were performed on Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA).ResultsThere were 1562 total presenters from 2015 to 2023. Overall, there was an average of 22 female presenters each year, with the highest number of female presenters in 2022 (n = 49). The proportion of female presenters over the study period increased (p < 0.01). While there was no trend in the proportion of female presenters in academic roles (r = 0.20, p = 0.66), there was an increase in the proportion of female presenters in invited roles (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). Among academic roles, there was an increase in female representation among paper presentation moderators (r = 0.93, p < 0.01) and panel members (r = 0.97, p < 0.01). In addition, there was increasing female representation among presentations on the knee (r = 0.83, p = 0.02), biologics (r = 0.83, p = 0.04), and topics encompassing multiple categories (r = 0.89, p < 0.01).ConclusionThis study highlights a significant increase in female representation among presenters at the AANA annual meetings from 2015 to 2023, particularly in invited roles and certain content categories like knee, biologics, and multi-category presentations. Collaborations with the Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society (RJOS) and the FORUM have had a positive impact on female representation. The increasing trend suggests that ongoing diversity initiatives by AANA, such as the Diversity & Inclusion Task Force, may be contributing to this progress.

A comparative study on the probability distribution model for the compressive strength of concrete with consideration of the size effect

Press releases of industry-sponsored clinical trials in oncology: Characteristics, timing and financial impact.

Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded technology breakthroughs have led to a dramatic increase in the demand for smart home automation systems in the past few years. Improvements in comfort, safety, environmental monitoring, and energy efficiency were the goals of this paper's presentation of an Internet of Things (IoT) embedded system for smart home automation. The core of the system is the ESP32 microcontroller, which has Bluetooth and Wi-Fi already installed, allowing for easy wireless data transfer with a number of different sensors and actuators. A water pump, gas detector, soil moisture detector, infrared sensor, relay modules, DC motors, a buzzer, and a DHT11 (temperature and humidity sensor) are all essential parts of the system. Home automation features like appliance control, leak detection, irrigation, and intrusion detection are all part of the system's environmental monitoring capabilities. using processing and transmission to the cloud, data acquired by the sensors allows for remote control and monitoring using a web or mobile interface. The system is ideal for practical home automation because it is affordable, scalable, and built to be flexible. This project showcases the power of intelligent automation to enhance everyday life by combining embedded system programming, Internet of Things (IoT) communication, and real-time data analysis.

Collaborations between academia and the pharmaceutical industry are common for drug development and clinical trials, but rare for pharmacovigilance. Here we describe a novel model for collaboration between academia and the pharmaceutical industry, focused on post-marketing pharmacovigilance, that others may wish to emulate. For the past 5 years, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, a global Japan-based pharmaceutical company, has collaborated with faculty at Columbia University, a major university, for epidemiology support. The primary aim of this collaboration is to provide expert research guidance for Otsuka's pharmacovigilance group on questions involving pharmacoepidemiology. University epidemiologists are also consulted by other industry divisions, such as the clinical trials group. University epidemiologists help to determine the incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of diseases; draft the epidemiology components of risk management plans for drugs; and plan retrospective database analyses. A second major aim of this collaboration is to provide educational services to the company by conducting workshops on basic epidemiology and biostatistics; leading a monthly lecture/journal club series; hosting seminars on medical topics; and providing a writing workshop to assist in preparing abstracts and papers for presentation and publication. University epidemiologists provide oversight/evaluation through quarterly presentations and updates to the industry partner's external advisory committee as well as to university leadership. This type of epidemiologic collaboration has key advantages for industry over the alternatives of building an in-house epidemiology department or hiring outside consulting firms: lower cost; rapid access to university experts for potentially esoteric medical topics; and, for education, deep university experience in terms of assembling didactic programming and recruiting speakers. We offer this model for collaboration for others performing mandatory regulatory post-marketing pharmacovigilance activities.

In the present paper we argue that besides four traditional methods of property acquisition – that is, homesteading, production, voluntary transfer and rectification of injustice – libertarianism also recognizes a fifth method, namely the method of accession. We contend that not only have some libertarian scholars implicitly embraced the accession principle, but also that if libertarianism wants to distribute exclusive ownership to indivisible things produced from inputs supplied by two or more parties without running into conflict with its own principles of justice, it has to recognize accession as the fifth mode of appropriation. As the main thesis of the paper goes against the received view concerning the very core of libertarianism, that is, its methods of property acquisition, the text indicates some new developments within the libertarian theory of justice.

The Tėviškė (Homeland) Society for Lithuania’s cultural relations with compatriots abroad was set up in Soviet Lithuania in 1976 on the basis of previous analogous institutions. Through the society, attempts were made to control the cooperation with emigrant compatriots, disseminate the Soviet propaganda, restrict the spread of objective information, and discredit the right-wing emigration organizations that nurtured the idea of restoration of Lithuania’s independence. The aim of this paper is to review the programme of cultural exchanges with emigrants in the USA, implemented in the Soviet times, by highlighting the musical aspect. The research is based on the Cold War paradigm, the work of historians who analysed the topic, the still unexplored documentation of the Tėviškė Society, and the letters addressed to it and currently stored in the Lithuanian Special Archives. The cultural cooperation programme also included the field of tourism, which was especially useful for governmental institutions wishing to demonstrate the achievements of Soviet Lithuania to foreign visitors. It was partly supervised by the Tėviškė Society. However, this is a subject for a new study and will not be analysed in the present paper.

Digital devices are ubiquitous in modern daily life. Although a high prevalence of digital eyestrain has been reported, the mechanisms underlying digital eyestrain have not been fully elucidated, and there is currently no proven treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the cognitive demand of a near task, mode of presentation (digital or paper), working distance, and symptoms of digital eyestrain. Thirty young participants completed four 30-minute reading tasks. The four conditions (performed in randomized order) entailed (1) a cognitively demanding task performed on a tablet computer and (2) a less cognitively demanding task performed on the same device. Trials (3) and (4) were identical to (1) and (2) except that the tasks were performed on paper. Subjects could hold the reading task at any distance they felt comfortable. Before and immediately following each task, subjects completed a digital eyestrain symptom survey. For all four conditions, a spectacle-mounted device (Clouclip) was used to measure the working distance objectively. Although all four tasks induced significant symptoms, there was a significant difference between the four conditions, with the increase being greatest for the cognitively demanding task on the tablet computer. There was no significant difference in working distance for the four conditions, and all tasks showed a similar reduction in working distance (p=0.001), on average, from 31.6 to 28.9 cm, over the first 10 minutes, with the working distance remaining stable after this initial period. Task-induced symptoms varied with both cognitive demand and mode of presentation. However, working distance did not vary significantly with these factors. The wording distance decreased during the first 10 minutes of each trial and was markedly closer than 40 cm for all conditions. The closer working distances being adopted should be considered during routine clinical testing.

Some species of calanoid copepods of the family Candaciidae 'inhabit surface or moderately deep waters, provide excellent materials for a zoogeographic investigation. Very few studies partaining to the taxonomy and biogeography of the members of the family Candaciidae in Indonesian waters have been previously carried out. The present paper deals with relevant informations on description and illustrations of 14 candaciid speciesfrom this region. All the previously known species have been found, one species Candacia ishimarui is new to science, and one C. guggenheimi Grice and Jones, 1960 is new records. A catalogue of all the nominal species (both valid species and synonyms) hitherto described from the world oceans, the zoogeography and a key of these species is discussed.

O presente paper almeja proceder a uma análise acerca de quais teriam sido as pressões transconstitucionais exercidas pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) por sobre a ordem jurídica nacional brasileira para uma releitura da ADPF n. 153/DF e de sua problemática narrativa oficial sobre a ditadura militar brasileira. Para tanto, o presente texto se divide em seis seções distintas. Após uma breve introdução, serão apresentados, ainda que de forma panorâmica, (i) o entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) no julgamento da ADPF n. 153/DF e o entendimento da CIDH nos casos (ii) Gomes Lund e (iii) Herzog. Logo após, serão apresentados os influxos teóricos essenciais à compreensão das pressões transconstitucionais exercidas pela Corte. Por fim, à guisa de uma conclusão, serão articulados os insumos das operações anteriores de modo a mensurar o possível porvir do entendimento sufragado no julgamento da ADPF n. 153/DF.

The number of available factor analytic techniques has been increasing in the last decades. However, the lack of clear guidelines and exhaustive comparison studies between the techniques might hinder that these valuable methodological advances make their way to applied research. The present paper evaluates the performance of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), CFA with sequential model modification using modification indices and the Saris procedure, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with different rotation procedures (Geomin, target, and objectively refined target matrix), Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM), and a new set of procedures that, after fitting an unrestrictive model (i.e., EFA, BSEM), identify and retain only the relevant loadings to provide a parsimonious CFA solution (ECFA, BCFA). By means of an exhaustive Monte Carlo simulation study and a real data illustration, it is shown that CFA and BSEM are overly stiff and, consequently, do not appropriately recover the structure of slightly misspecified models. EFA usually provides the most accurate parameter estimates, although the rotation procedure choice is of major importance, especially depending on whether the latent factors are correlated or not. Finally, ECFA might be a sound option whenever an a priori structure cannot be hypothesized and the latent factors are correlated. Moreover, it is shown that the pattern of the results of a factor analytic technique can be somehow predicted based on its positioning in the confirmatory-exploratory continuum. Applied recommendations are given for the selection of the most appropriate technique under different representative scenarios by means of a detailed flowchart. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Plant products have been used for the treatment of numerous kinds of human disorders since the very ancient age. Iridoid glycosides are secondary plant metabolites of medicinal importance that have been well investigated in the scientific field for their role in plants. Numerous iridoid class phytochemicals have cardiovascular, anti-viral, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-spasmodic, hypolipidemic, choleretic, purgative, and hypoglycaemic activity. Methods: Here in the present work, we have collected scientific information on cornin and presented it with respect to its medicinal importance and pharmacological activities with their analytical aspects. Scientific information on cornin has been collected from numerous scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google, and Scopus to know the biological potential of cornin in medicine. Further, pharmacological activity scientific data of cornin has been presented in this work with proper citations. Results: The scientific data of the present paper described the biological significance of cornin in medicine. The further detailed pharmacological activity of cornin signified its therapeutic effectiveness on cerebral ischemia, angiogenesis, autophagy, myocardial injury, cerebral injury, oxidative injury, lipid peroxidation, proliferation, and cytochrome p450. Analytical data signified the separation, isolation, and identification techniques of cornin in medicine. Conclusion: The scientific information of the present work will be beneficial for all scientific people to explore the therapeutic effectiveness of cornin in medicine.

The present paper examines the limits of the postcolonial theory as a critical and historical approach to the Caribbean: its history, its literary and cultural products. To contextualize this examination, the paper starts by comparing the approaches of two contemporary historians to the region’s history, namely, B. W. Higman and Carrie Gibson who traversed and chronicled the region’s checkered past. The comparison aims to isolate the exclusivist-inclusivist dynamics at work in Higman’s linear approach in A Concise History of the Caribbean and Gibson’s episodic approach in Empire’s Crossroads: A History of the Caribbean from Columbus to the Present Day. The paper, then, addresses the analogous manifestations of these dynamics in literary criticism. Concretely, the dynamics are traced in the postcolonial critical approach to Caribbean literature via conducting a close reading of Derek Walcott’s “Nearing Forty” and a critical assessment of John Lennard’s ‘postcolonial’ reading thereof as a case study. The paper concludes with a call for similar reevaluations of the corpora of Caribbean writers and a critical (re)assessment of the attendant postcolonial readings that framed them for long. Being mainly library-based, this paper relies on books, articles, reviews, and interviews.

Aims: Any electronic device that delivers a collection of data, whether it be text referring to full text databases, electronic journals, photographs, other multimedia goods, or quantitative, visualizations, or time-based, is referred to as an electronic resource. These could be transmitted over the internet, tape, CD-ROM, tablets, smartphones, smart watches or another medium, these are now the basis of e-learning. Online searching has made it possible to get patent information more quickly, affordably, and conveniently than the traditional manual or CD-ROM based searching method. The ability to create and distribute documents in electronic form is now made possible by a number of established procedures and standards. So, in order to address the current problems, librarians are utilizing new media, particularly electronic resources, in their collection expansion makes the documentation of users better. As we can see, utilizing online resources is important in the modern world for a multitude of purposes. Because of this, it's important to understand the preferences, motives and usage of various ‘e- resources used by students who use online learning’. The aim of the present research paper was to examine the impact of e-resources using its usage and reading preferences. In this study, reasons such as time saving, more information, and busy schedule at college are considered. Methodology: Primary data was gathered from 250 students from Mumbai and Navi Mumbai who are using e-resources through the pre-structured questionnaire. The responses collected were recorded using the SPSS software for data analysis. In order to examine the link between causes, preferences, and the use of ‘e-resources’, a theoretical construct was developed grounded on a few assumptions. Statistical techniques like the chi-square test were used and data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 to examine the proposed construct. When doing the data analysis, the demographic profile, objectives, and hypothesis were all taken into consideration. Result: The average for each component that is time saving, more informative, and busy schedule at college was computed and was determined as 0.004, 0.004, and 0.000, correspondingly, for time saving, more informative content, and busy college schedule. As all of these values for all of the preferences under consideration are less than 0.05, it is clear that there is a connection between the usage of electronic resources and their underlying reasons and preferences. Conclusion: Hence, there is a substantial correlation between the reasons for using electronic resources and the different reading preferences, as well as between the two. Only three reasons namely time saving, more informative, and busy schedule at college are considered during this study. Data collection is done from Mumbai and Navi Mumbai region only.

The III International Conference on Advances in Applied Physics and Mathematics for Energy, Environment and Earth Science (AAPM-III 2025) was held on January 20-21, 2025, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. This conference brought together researchers, scientists, and engineers from around the world to share their latest findings in applied physics and mathematics, with a focus on energy, environmental, and earth science applications. With approximately 250 submissions received, a rigorous peer review process and originality checks resulted in the selection of 70 high-quality papers for presentation and publication in EPJ Web of Conferences.

Abstract The present paper evaluated the potential application of the functionally graded material (FGM) concept to develop more durable concrete to carbonation, one of the main degradation mechanisms of reinforced concrete structures. Accelerated carbonation tests with controlled temperature (27 ( 2°C), CO2 concentration (3 ( 0.5%) and humidity (65 ( 5%) were carried out in homogeneous concretes and with functional gradation in which the porosity of the material was varied across the slices. For the manufacture of graded concrete specimens, concretes with water/cement ratios equal to 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55 were produced, with lower porosity (w/c = 0.35) close to the surface of the specimen. The advance of the carbonation front was evaluated after 8, 9, 10, 14, and 24 weeks of accelerated exposure, using the chemical indicator phenolphthalein. The results show that the functionally graded concrete had a carbonation coefficient (K) slightly higher than that of the concrete with a w/c ratio equal to 0.35 (1.71 and 1.54 mm.week-0.5, respectively) and much lower than concrete with water-cement ratio equal to 0.45 (2.31 mm.week-0.5) and 0.55 (3.78 mm.week-0.5). This demonstrates that functional grading can be an efficient method to increase the durability of concrete elements subject to carbonation.

ABSTRACT Arkenstone is a new scheme that allows multiphase, stellar feedback-driven winds to be included in coarse resolution cosmological simulations. The evolution of galactic winds and their subsequent impact on the circumgalactic medium are altered by exchanges of mass, energy, momentum, and metals between their component phases. These exchanges are governed by complex, small-scale physical processes that cannot be resolved in cosmological simulations. In this second presentation paper, we describe Arkenstone’s novel cloud particle approach for modelling unresolvable cool clouds entrained in hot, fast winds. This general framework allows models of the cloud–wind interaction, derived from state-of-the-art high-resolution simulations, to be applied in a large-scale context. In this work, we adopt a cloud evolution model that captures simultaneous cloud mass loss to and gain from the ambient hot phase via turbulent mixing and radiative cooling, respectively. We demonstrate the scheme using non-cosmological idealized simulations of a galaxy with a realistic circumgalactic medium component, using the arepo code. We show that the ability of a high-specific energy wind component to perform preventative feedback may be limited by heavy loading of cool clouds coupled into it. We demonstrate that the diverging evolution of clouds of initially differing masses leads to a complex velocity field for the cool phase and a cloud mass function that varies both spatially and temporally in a non-trivial manner. These latter two phenomena can manifest in the simulation because of our choice of a Lagrangian discretization of the cloud population, in contrast to other proposed schemes.

Medicinal Attributes of Pyrazoline in Drug Discovery

Plant products derived from natural sources have been used in medicine as a raw material and newer kinds of drug molecules in pharmaceuticals and other allied health sectors. Phytochemicals have numerous medicinal potentials, including anti- ageing, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity in medicine. Development and biological application of herbal products in modern medicine signified the value of traditional medicinal plants in health care systems. The objective of the present study was to explore the scientific knowledge of the medicinal importance and therapeutic potential of artemetin in medicine. However, scientific investigations for their pharmacological activities in medicine have been done through scientific data analysis of different scientific research work collected from PubMed, Google, Science Direct and Google Scholar in order to know the biological importance of artemetin in medicine. Moreover, analytical data of artemetin have also been discussed in the present work. The present work and scientific data signified the biological potential of artemetin in medicine. Artemetin has been derived from numerous medicinal plants and dietary herbs, including Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia argyi, Achillea millefolium, and Vitex trifolia. Artemetin has anti-malarial, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, antitumoral, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and hepatoprotective effects. Further, the biological role of artemetin on lipid oxidation, cytokine production, lipoxygenase, and estrogen-like effects was also investigated in the present work. Analytical data on artemetin in the present paper signified their important role in the isolation, separation, and identification of different classes of pure phytochemicals, including artemetin in medicine. Scientific data analysis of artemetin signified its therapeutic potential in medicine for the development of newer scientific approaches for different human disorders.