From its discovery in the late 1800s to the present day, Streptococcus mutans research has been at the forefront of dental caries investigations, providing the foundation for our current understanding of the microbiological determinants of this disease. In addition, research on S. mutans has greatly advanced key areas of microbiology, establishing the organism as a notably useful model for understanding the biology of other streptococcal species, as well as Gram-positive bacteria more broadly. In this piece, we provide a retrospective of how S. mutans has served this dual role, highlighting specific areas that have benefited most from S. mutans-driven discoveries. We close by outlining emerging areas of S. mutans research that are likely to influence future breakthroughs in both oral health science and basic microbiology.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of contemporary socio-psychological approaches to the study of spiritual intelligence (SI), employing systematic-structural and axiological methodological frameworks. The paper examines the evolution of SI as a scientific construct from its emergence in the late 1990s to the present day, analyzing major theoretical models including those developed by Zohar and Marshall (2000), Emmons (2000), King and DeCicco (2009), Amram (2007), and Wigglesworth (2012). Through systematic analysis, the article identifies key structural components of SI across various conceptualizations, including critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, and conscious state expansion. The axiological dimension of SI is explored through its relationship to values, meaning-making, and ethical behavior. Empirical research findings demonstrating correlations between SI and mental health outcomes, resilience, life satisfaction, and professional effectiveness are synthesized. The article concludes with implications for psychological practice, education, and future research directions.

Abstract This paper describes the development of, and principles behind, ICD10h, a system for the coding and categorisation of individual-level causes of death from 1855 to the present day. ICD10h provides an adaptation of the WHO's ICD10 (2016 version) which, by supplying additional codes for archaic terms together with a suggested categorisation, allows broad disease groups to be followed over time. It is a flexible system, which allows researchers to code, classify and study historic (h), individual level, and cause of death (COD) information in the English language, both in fine detail and at more aggregated levels. Our paper outlines the background and development of the system, before describing its principles and key characteristics. It demonstrates the system in action using individual level COD data for Scotland 1855–1973, as well as several smaller datasets and the published returns from the Registrar-General of Scotland.

This article analyses future projections of ocean properties for a region of the south‐west Pacific Ocean encompassing the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone under different climate change emission scenarios. Projections are updated and expanded from previous assessments using a “best” ensemble comprising both CMIP5 and CMIP6 earth system models. The updated projections show improved physical representations compared to previous projections based on CMIP5 models only. Contrary to the CMIP5 models alone, the new ensemble shows novel and distinct signatures associated with ocean circulation changes in the Bounty Trough that are consistent with recent observations. Previous results are extended to show how the reduced emission scenario SSP126 dampens future trajectories relative to the high emissions scenarios RCP8.5/SSP585 but does not return the end‐of‐century ocean state to that of the “present‐day” period [1976:2005]. Furthermore, analysis of archived output from three marine ecosystem models indicates that the south‐west Pacific Ocean total consumer biomass will reduce in the future, with reductions of 25%–51% by end‐of‐century under RCP8.5/SSP585 forcing. Overall, this article provides increased confidence of a substantially modified state of the southwest Pacific Ocean—physical, biogeochemical, and ecological—by end‐of‐century compared to present day.

Working characteristics of wellhead borehole well pumps are discussed in the article. The oil extraction method using wellhead borehole well pumps is called the deep-water pumping method. The deep-water pumping method is considered the main mechanized method widely used in oil fields. Examples of the main factors that determine the essence and importance of this mining method are the volume of production, the type and quantity of equipment used in the process, and the number of wells equipped with such equipment. The method of deep-water pumping is considered the least productive method. In addition, this method requires a large amount of manual labor. Therefore, the method of deep-water pumping is considered the most time-consuming method. Despite all these disadvantages, the method of deep-water pumping has retained its importance in the oil industry from ancient times to the present day. The main reason for this is the simplicity of the construction of the rod deep-water pump, the simplicity of the maintenance performed by the workforce, as well as the simplicity of the principle of its operation. The fact that the majority of operating oil wells have a small flow rate can be considered the most important indicator of the high degree of effectiveness of the deep-water borehole well pump method. The article is mainly devoted to the study of frictional forces acting on the pressure of the balancing load during the operation of rod deep-water pumps. The main tasks include the study of rod deep-water pumps and the identification of problems that arise during their operation, the determination of the role and nature of the friction force among these problems, then the identification of malfunctions caused by all these problems, and, finally, the determination of the optimal solution for the elimination of these and all other similar problems and malfunctions. Keywords: borehole well pump, deep-water pump method, rocking machines.

The stability of novel synthetic cannabinoids in blood samples in different storage conditions.

Forensic technology plays an essential function in investigations and guarantees the management of justice, and it is an important thing of modern crook justice. Crime scene investigation (CSI) is considered obviously one of its maximum well-known and large subfields. The numerous forensic techniques used in crime scene investigations are examined on this assessment with a focus on their significance, effectiveness and problems. Present day techniques and technology confirms that it has revolutionized the sector of forensic science on the equal time as focusing at the techniques involved in safeguarding, gathering and evaluating proof. A comprehensive evaluation of the forensic strategies relevant to crime scene investigations is given on this estimate, confirming the critical role that every technique performs particular and unique evidence evaluation. Forensic scientists can significantly assist within the studies of crimes in addition to the aid of the use of those strategies and supporting justice.

Scrub typhus is a multisystem infection that can mimic surgical and other infectious conditions, and delayed recognition may lead to fatal outcomes. We report a 14-year-old girl who presented with features suggestive of an acute abdomen, including abdominal pain, vomiting, loose stools, and marked guarding. Initial evaluation favored surgical and common infectious differentials, but investigations showed multisystem involvement, including leukocytosis with thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, and elevated D-dimer. Imaging revealed abdominal inflammatory changes and bilateral pulmonary opacities. In view of high-grade fever with thrombocytopenia and organomegaly, scrub typhus was suspected and confirmed by positive immunoglobulin M serology. During hospitalization, she rapidly deteriorated with hypotension and tachycardia requiring vasoactive support and intensive care. Respiratory distress progressed to hypoxemic respiratory failure with radiographic worsening consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome, necessitating endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. Screening echocardiography demonstrated left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of approximately 40% without supportive electrocardiographic changes or abnormal cardiac enzymes reported. She developed worsening acute kidney injury with metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia, along with coagulopathy treated with blood products for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Despite escalation of antimicrobial therapy and organ support, she suffered sudden ventricular tachycardia and died within four days of presentation. This case highlights the need to consider scrub typhus in endemic settings when acute abdomen is accompanied by thrombocytopenia and early organ dysfunction, and to initiate targeted therapy promptly.

While the genetically and hormonally controlled prenatal development of male genital organs has been described in increasing detail since the beginning of the 20th century, and several genes involved in ovarian development have now been identified, the hormonal factors involved in female genital differentiation remain largely unexplored to the present day. The physiological model that continues to prevail today follows abinary logic of the presence and absence of hormonal and genetic factors: masculinity appears as the result of active biological processes, while femininity appears as their absence and passive "default pathway". Historically, this model can be traced back primarily to the animal experiments conducted by the French embryologist and endocrinologist Alfred Jost in the 1940s. Feminist criticism of science, some of which comes from the life sciences themselves, has for several decades been problematising the continuing dichotomy of activity and passivity as areproduction of traditional cultural assumptions about gender, as well as the desideratum of researching prenatal female sex differentiation, which in their view requires explanation. This article takes up this longstanding critique and expands on it with ahistorical analysis of the material and technical conditions of early embryonic sex development research in the first half of the 20thcentury. Based on four central experimental systems-(1)the anatomical and morphological studies of Pol Bouin and Paul Ancel around 1900, (2)research on Freemartinism in the 1910s, (3)Eugen Steinach's sex reversal experiments in the 1910s, and (4)Vera Dantschakoff's embryological sex hormone research in the 1930s-it is shown how the binary, masculinity-focused model of embryonic sex development was already taking shape before the 1940s under the influence of specific material and technical research conditions of the early endocrinological experimental systems. The aim is to highlight the role of these material and technical conditions, and in particular of hormones as epistemic, technical and sometimes rebellious things within these systems, and to discuss possible path dependencies up to current experimental configurations in sex development research.

Against the backdrop of China’s “Dual Carbon” strategy (peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality), timber forests serve the dual function of wood supply and carbon sink enhancement. In this study, we employed the Kuenm package in R to optimize Maximum Entropy model (MaxEnt) parameters. Based on the distribution data of six timber tree species in Sichuan Province and 43 environmental factors, we utilized the MaxEnt outputs and ArcGIS 10.8 software to map the geographic distribution of the suitable habitats for these species from the present day into the future (2061–2080) under different climate scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585). Furthermore, we analyzed the migration trend of their future distribution centers. The model optimization significantly improved both fit and predictive performance, with AUC values ranging from 0.8552 to 0.9637 and TSS values ranging from 0.6289 to 0.84, indicating high predictive capability and stability of the model. Analysis of environmental factors, including altitude, precipitation, and temperature, revealed that altitude plays a dominant role in species distribution. Future climate scenario simulations indicated that climate change will significantly alter the distribution of suitable habitats for these timber tree species. The suitable areas for some species contracted, with changes being particularly pronounced under the SSP585 scenario, in which the high-suitability area for Phoebe zhennan is projected to increase from 12,788 km2 to 20,004 km2, whereas the high-suitability area for Eucalyptus robusta is expected to contract from 8706 km2 to 7715 km2. The migration distances of suitable habitats for timber tree species in Sichuan range from 5 km to 101 km southwestward under different climate scenarios, and these shifts are statistically significant (p < 0.01), with shifts in elevation and precipitation patterns, reflecting species-specific responses to climate change. This study aims to predict future suitable habitats of timber tree species in Sichuan, providing scientific support for forestry planning, forest quality improvement, and climate risk mitigation.

Despite the ongoing debate within the scientific community and the absence of consensus on their role and status, the proliferation of honorary consulates remains unabated. In fact, there has been a consistent and gradual increase in the establishment of these consulates over the past several decades. The institution of honorary consulate has been consistently regarded as a valuable asset within the architecture of foreign relations, despite not receiving the same degree of institutional recognition as the career consulate. To the present day, certain states continue to exhibit reluctance towards the establishment of this type of consulates, citing concerns related to, for instance, the loyalty to the country that appointed the honorary consuls. Moreover, although certain scientific articles emphasise their role and significance, quantitative research employing statistical and econometric methods to evaluate the impact of economic diplomacy on trade or investments frequently excludes honorary consulates from their models. Such research focuses on actors such as diplomatic missions. It is evident that there is a correlation between honorary consulates and economic and commercial activities; however, the question remains as to what extent this correlation is indeed a cause of tangible impact. The present article thus examines the evolving role of honorary consuls, with particular attention to their contribution to trade facilitation, the attraction of investments, and the promotion of national companies. These activities are encompassed within the spectrum of economic diplomacy. The present study adopts a literature review as its methodological approach, reviewing the extant literature on the topic of honorary consulates. The primary objective is to undertake a thorough examination of the extant literature pertinent to the subject, with a view to elucidating the contribution of these actors to the practice of economic diplomacy. The findings indicate that the establishment of honorary consulates is of particular benefit to small states, as it facilitates the enhancement of bilateral relations. Despite ongoing debates and reluctance to establish honorary consulates, this paper argues that the institution remains a relevant instrument of diplomacy, particularly for states with limited resources. Given the limited academic engagement with this topic, this review maps the existing research and provides a foundation for further empirical and theoretical studies into the evolving role of honorary consulates in contemporary international economic relations.

Specific sensitive diagnostic markers for early diagnosis of canine pyometra have been widely attempted, but none have proven to be a perfect diagnostic marker for clinical practice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin is a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria, released during bacterial death. The early release, inherent stability, and serotype-specificity of endotoxin suggest its potential as a good candidate for early diagnosis of pyometra. The present study focused on understanding the potential of LPS as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in canine pyometra. The study also tried to establish the correlation between bacterial isolates cultured from the vaginal discharge and endotoxin levels. A total of 12 animals presented to University Veterinary Hospitals with open and closed-cervix pyometra were selected and divided into two groups of six dogs each. Serum LPS concentration (ng/mL) was estimated on various days of observation using ELISA. Mean serum LPS concentration was higher in both groups on the day of presentation, and significantly higher levels were observed in animals with closed-cervix pyometra. Bacteriological examination revealed a predominance of gram-negative organisms in both groups. Hence, it establishes LPS as a better diagnostic marker of canine pyometra. Conversely, a reduction in the levels of LPS on subsequent days of observation confirms its efficacy as a prognostic marker.

In 1934 C.V. Raman, Nobel Prize laureate in physics, founded the Indian Academy of Sciences in an attempt to create a single unified national scientific society for India. Instead, due to actions of Raman, the Royal Society and other British and Indian scientists, three distinct Indian science academies emerged and have persisted to the present day. Taking place against a background of British imperialism, Indian nationalism and scientific internationalism, Raman's actions provide a fascinating case study of scientific production and the shaping of scientific networks in (British) India. This paper scrutinizes this hitherto unexplored late imperial stage of the Indian scientific landscape and highlights the versatile role of British imperialism in influencing the founding and functioning of the Indian Academy of Sciences under Raman. The latter's national and international career and leadership testify to a complex relationship where the personal and the political became intertwined with science in (British) India.

Background: This study presents the sequencing and analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes from nine early medieval horse remains excavated across archaeological sites in Silesia region in present day Poland. Methods: Using aDNA extraction protocols optimized for short fragments, combined with target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing, we reconstructed partial mtDNA sequences for seven of the specimens. Results: The authenticity of the aDNA was confirmed through damage pattern analysis. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the specimens belonged to six distinct mtDNA lineages (B, D, E, G, L, and M), indicating a high level of mitochondrial diversity within medieval Silesian horse population. Conclusions: These findings highlight the extensive mtDNA variability among domestic horses, reflecting the diversity of their ancestral populations rather than modern breed differentiation. This research enhances our understanding of horse population structure in medieval Europe, emphasizing the genetic complexity present during this period.

In a developing democratic country like India, a large portion of the population is women. There has been a lot of discussion and debate about the position of women in society for a long time. However, this difference in the position of women has mainly been achieved in the context of changing society and circumstances. Therefore, the place of women in Indian society and women-centered discussions deserve special importance. In the contemporary world of the 21st century, the word ‘feminism’ has become one of the most familiar and discussed words in the discussion of women’s rights and freedoms. Feminism is a sensational theory in the world today. Feminists advocate for equal rights for women, but this is based more on empathy, respect, and understanding for men. The term is rooted in the theoretical framework of gender-biased questions. Women, who constitute about half of the world’s population and play important roles in all aspects of social, political, economic, and cultural life, are victims of gender-biased patriarchal societies. Feminists advocate for equal rights for women, but this is based more on empathy, respect, and understanding for men. The term is rooted in the theoretical framework of gender-biased questions. Women, who constitute about half of the world's population and play important roles in all aspects of social, political, economic, and cultural life, are victims of gender-biased patriarchal societies. The main objective of this article is to explore the democratic status of women in Indian society, especially the changing status of women from ancient times to contemporary Indian society. It is also an attempt to shed light on the continuous struggle of women for their dignity against the all-powerful and discriminatory gender-biased society in India.

In the present day workplace, organizational culture is critical in influencing how workers behave, work in teams and their overall performance. The notion of emotional intelligence (EI) as the ability to recognize, understand and regulate both own and other people feelings has emerged a major concern in the pursuit of organization effectiveness. In this paper, the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational culture is analyzed in the perspective of understanding how EI is relevant in the development and sustainability of healthy working environments. The integrated method used to collect primary data involved administration of structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews to the various employees within the various industries. The statistical tests on which quantitative analysis was founded included correlation tests and regression tests in an attempt to ascertain the strength and significance of interaction between EI elements-self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness and relationship management and the significant components of organization culture which comprised innovation, collaboration, adaptability and ethical orientation. Information about the impact of the behaviours of emotional intelligence on the cultural norms, communication patterns, and leadership patterns was provided through qualitative results. The results indicate that positive relationships between high level of emotional intelligence and presence of adaptive, cohesive and ethically inclined organizational culture are important. The fact that the workers and the leaders were able to demonstrate higher degree of EI resulted in improved conflict management, improved teamwork, and enhanced acceptability to organizational change. The paper brings out that one of the main components that need to be integrated in the human resource management, leadership training and organization development strategies are the development of emotional intelligence. Once the organisations have created EI in their workforce and leaders, they would create a culture that can enable innovation, worker engagement, and performance sustainability outcomes. The implication of these findings into practice to the managers, HR professionals and policymakers is that they are interested in matching workforce capabilities and organizational values. Further studies can be focused on how EI interventions affect changing organizational culture and performance indicators in the long term.

The article concerns the transformation of the railway network, understood as sections of railway lines and stations (railway junctions) where these lines connect. The text covers the area of the contemporary (as of 1999) Lublin Voivodeship, but to the extent necessary, it also includes stations located on the outskirts of the voivodeships or neighbouring countries. From the second half of the 19th century to the present day, railway lines have been built, modernised, and also liquidated. The text attempts to systematise the factual information concerning such transformations in the Lublin Voivodeship against the background of phenomena occurring on a wider scale.

The poem "Bānat Suʿād" by the noble Companion Kaʿb ibn Zuhayr is one of the finest and most renowned poems in Arabic literary history and heritage, rich in a vast array of poetry, stories, anecdotes, and literary gems. Kaʿb recited this poem in the presence of the Prophet Muhammad after his blood had been declared lawful, offering an apology through these verses. Scholars, both in the past and in modern times, have paid great attention to this Kaʿbite poem, explaining it, composing takhmīs (five-line expansions), parsing its grammar, and conducting various studies on it to the present day. The poem, also known as "al-Burda", sparked a wave of literary works, research, counter-poems, and more. One of the most prominent works in this context is the poem by Imam al-Būsīrī. His poem also came to be known as "al-Burda", "The Mantle Ode", and "al-Kawākib al-Durriyya fī Madḥ Khayr al-Bariyya" (The Celestial Lights in Praise of the Best of Creation). It, too, sparked a large body of commentary, imitations, and analyses. This study aims to present a comprehensive bibliography of the works written on this poem, including annotations, analyses, poetic imitations, takhmīs, references, and more. This will be achieved by dedicating this part of the research to the existing literature on "Bānat Suʿād", with references to the locations of manuscripts scattered across libraries worldwide, thereby facilitating researchers’ access to them for study, comparison, verification, publication, and dissemination to readers and specialists.

Electric vehicles (EVs) rely on electric motors (EMs) for drive, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional internal combustion engines. However, EMs in EVs are prone to multiple defects, such as bearing faults and load torque fluctuations, induced by electromagnetic interference (EMI), mechanical misalignments, and variable loading conditions arising from dynamic driving environments and controller-induced torque ripple. The resulting external mechanical load on the electric motor, which in turn modulates the stator current, produces distinct fault-related frequency components in the motor stator current spectrum. This study presents a system for remotely monitoring the health of such EMs which are used to drive EVs. A non-invasive fault detection methodology using Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) which has come of age in present day to detect and characterize bearing-related faults and load torque fluctuations is used. The proposed approach is examined and validated on permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), which are predominantly used as drive motors in EVs. A hall effect current sensor in one situation and a current transformer (CT) in another have been used to measure the current waveform of the stator current in the PMSM motors, which is then analyzed using the principles of MCSA. MCSA identifies the fault frequencies associated with bearing defects and torque fluctuations without requiring motor disassembly or additional vibration sensors. By implementing MCSA into a standalone monitoring system, this study demonstrates a reliable means of detecting bearing and load torque-related faults, ultimately improving the durability, efficiency, and operational safety of electric vehicle drivetrains. Future work can explore scaling this approach with cyber-physical system (CPS)-based architectures for real-time monitoring of EVs, enabling centralized analytics and smart decision-making as has been showcased in the present work.

Introduction: According to the World Obesity Atlas, overweight and obesity will affect nearly 3 billion adults (around 50%) by 2030. Bariatric surgery is an effective option for the treatment of obesity. However, nutritional deficiencies of vitamins, minerals, and trace elements can occur after bariatric surgery and are associated with hair loss (alopecia). Objective: It was to present the main clinical studies and meta-analyses on the relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and bariatric surgery in the process of hair loss (alopecia). Methods: The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Clinical studies and meta-analyses were included. The literature search process was conducted from July to August 2025 and developed based on Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Lilacs, Ebsco, Scielo, and Google Scholar, covering scientific articles from various periods up to the present day. Results and Conclusion: Seven studies with 9,940 participants were selected to comprise this systematic review. According to the GRADE instrument, most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=92.7%>50%. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with a high risk of bias and 24 studies that did not meet the GRADE and AMSTAR-2 criteria. It was concluded that hair loss related to obesity and post-bariatric surgery hair loss can have a significant impact on individuals, including emotional distress that should not be underestimated. Further investigation is needed on the relationship between obesity/bariatric surgery and hair loss. Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy alters the serum amino acid profile in obese patients, and the serum leucine concentration at 3 months post-operatively is an influential factor in post-operative alopecia. Hair loss is a frequent condition after vertical sleeve gastrectomy. In most cases, iron and zinc levels are within the normal range. The variable composed of the sum of zinc and iron is a good predictor of hair loss.