Presence Of Violence Research Articles

Esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales y dependencia emocional en mujeres con y sin violencia en la relación de pareja de la ciudad de Lima

En el estudio se sometió al análisis las variables esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales tempranos y dependencia emocional en función a la presencia o no de violencia en una muestra de 385 mujeres con y sin violencia en la relación de pareja, a quienes se les administró una ficha de datos sociodemográficos, el Cuestionario de Esquemas de Young integrado por 18 esquemas y el Inventario de Dependencia Emocional. Se encontró que existe una correlación muy significativa y positiva entre las dimensiones y los esquemas disfuncionales tempranos con los factores de la dependencia emocional, agravada por la presencia de violencia en la relación de pareja (sig.=0.01), lo cual es un indicador de riesgo latente en la muestra examinada porque facilita la permanencia en una relación de pareja disfuncional y violenta así como alto riego en su salud mental. Se encontró además mayor relación entre la dependencia emocional con los esquemas; cuando hay violencia las dimensiones están más afectadas. Asimismo, se hallaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Es la presencia de violencia en la relación de pareja la que activa los esquemas y produce síndromes y trastornos en la salud mental de las mujeres.

Systemic Acceptance of Same-Sex Relationships and the Impact on Intimate Partner Violence Among Cisgender Identified Lesbian and Queer Individuals

ABSTRACTThe full impact of intimate partner violence on cisgender women identifying as queer or lesbian is unknown. Messages from various systemic groups may affect whether an individual remains in a violent relationship, seeks help, or feels understood by counseling professionals. This study examined the perspectives of acceptance from a systemic perspective in order to better understand the role of these early messages and the presence of violence in future relationships. Using an ecological theoretical perspective, counselors and helping professionals can work to overcome the current disparity in helping services for lesbian victims of intimate partner violence.

Implications of Partner Agreement of IPV for the Gender Symmetry Controversy

Because romantic partners frequently disagree on the violence in their relationship, relying on nondyadic data for perpetration and victimization rates, especially to inform the gender symmetry controversy, is problematic. In order to have a more nuanced understanding of gender symmetry, we urge researchers to be cautious when drawing symmetry conclusions from non-dyadic samples. Furthermore, using both partners, we suggest that researchers employ more qualitative approaches to ascertain IPV agreement, note times in which either partner reports IPV as an indicator of the presence of violence, and investigate the extent to which conclusions regarding gender symmetry stem from participant selection bias.

The Relationship Between Domestic Protest and Oppositional Political Terrorism in Connection with the Gulf Conflict

The author quantitatively tests eight interrelated hypotheses about the relationship between protests against the allies' participation in the Gulf War and the use of oppositional political terrorism connected to this crisis. Both visual inspection of the data and quantitative analysis supports the relationship between non-Gulf Conflict related terrorism, protest connected to the Gulf Conflict and Gulf-related terrorism. Characteristics of protests, such as number of protesters and presence of violence, however, make negligible contributions to Gulf-specific terrorism. However, these variables in combination with the number of days the coalition forces were in the Gulf account for a moderate amount of the variance. There is also a significant relationship between protest and terrorism as a function of the period of conflict. Whereas protests are high and terrorism is low in period one, the reverse is true for the last period.

Associations between the FKBP5 haplotype, exposure to violence and anxiety in females

The gene that encodes the FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) is regarded as a candidate for investigating how negative life events interact with a genetic predisposition to stress-related disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Given the role of FKBP5 as an important regulator of stress responses, we aimed to investigate if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5—in the presence/absence of exposure to violence—are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Data from two community-based samples of adolescents (n=1705) and young adults (n=1800) regarding ratings on depression, anxiety, exposure to violence and FKBP5 genotype were collected. A risk haplogenotype including the minor alleles of seven common SNPs in the FKBP5 (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs7748266, rs1360780, rs9394309, rs9470080 and rs4713916) conferred higher ratings on anxiety among females, but not males, in the presence of violence. Exposure to violence and female sex were associated with higher ratings on both depression and anxiety, with the exception of ratings on depression among young adults, on which sex had no effect. Ratings on depression were not associated with the haplogenotype. These findings may correspond to differences in the regulation of the HPA axis and with the higher vulnerability to anxiety in females.

Domestic Violence and Related Factors During Pregnancy

Introduction: This study was aimed to reveal violence, the risk factors during pregnancy, and to compare it with pre-pregnancy preiod. Method: This descriptive study was conducted in a maternity polyclinic in a Government Hospital during May 2012. We interviewed interviewed by face-to-face method with 109 volunteer women. The data was evaluated by using Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Tests. Results: The 62.4% of women stated that they were exposed to violence during this pregnancy. Verbal violence was the most frequent kind in pregnant women. Physical violence was found in 29.4% of the women. The factors affecting this violence during pregnancy have been found to be; the spouses’ educational level, number of children, the presence of violence before pregnancy and the presence of violence in the spouses’ past lives. Conclusion: The results from our study verified that violence was a quite common issue in pregnancy and pregnancy was’nt a barrier for domestic violence. Therefore, during antenatal follows counselling services should be given carefully to screen violence.

Risk Factors Associated with Domestic Violence and Homicidal Violence of Women: The Case of Yucatan, Mexico

The manuscript presents results of research conducted with the aim of analyzing the association of geographic areas and risk factors of violence to women occurred in the state of Yucatan during 1997-2014, by reviewing statistics and other sources. Variables domestic violence, sex crimes and homicides and femicides association and risk according to the degree of marginalization, town size and percentage of population analyzed Maya. The main findings of the research show the presence of violence in 49 of the 106 municipalities. Association found the urban condition in cases of domestic violence, sexual offenses, homicide, and femicide, while for domestic violence it was obtained that the condition of Maya speakers is a risk factor. The geospatial distribution shows areas of high violence mostly in the south and east of the state. Some municipalities’ rates for homicide and domestic violence, are higher compared to the national and state average rates recorded. It is concluded that information management has been the key to catalog the state as low gender violence and that the results presented here show the presence of large geographical areas of high risk for the lives of women, which requires your attention of intersectoral public policy.

Violence in YAL with special emphasis on contemporary Macedonian YAL

In this paper , we focus on contemporary Macedonian literature for young people, in particular of one of its segment, and it is the presence of violence and violent scenes in the works designed for this audience. Theorists of this literature, popularly called YAL, not circumvent these issues, just like writers who write books intended for adolescents. This topic will be discussed by esplicit examples that will be taken of contemporary literature for young people, in order from one side to indicate their presence, and the need to write freely on the subject, and on the other hand to help young people who are experiencing these problems. The analysis will show that in most cases, the cause of the young sometimes turning to violence or themselves been victims of violence are shifting family values, or lack / absence of the family, a family member, usually a parent, neglect by parents and their preoccupation with work.

Violence in YAL with special emphasis on contemporary Macedonian YAL

In this paper , we focus on contemporary Macedonian literature for young people, in particular of one of its segment, and it is the presence of violence and violent scenes in the works designed for this audience. Theorists of this literature, popularly called YAL, not circumvent these issues, just like writers who write books intended for adolescents. This topic will be discussed by esplicit examples that will be taken of contemporary literature for young people, in order from one side to indicate their presence, and the need to write freely on the subject, and on the other hand to help young people who are experiencing these problems. The analysis will show that in most cases, the cause of the young sometimes turning to violence or themselves been victims of violence are shifting family values, or lack / absence of the family, a family member, usually a parent, neglect by parents and their preoccupation with work.

Forms of Violence in the Affective-Sexual Relationships of Adolescents

Violence in the affective-sexual relationships of adolescents is a theme that has been highlighted by the literature as a result of its high rates of prevalence. It has different characteristics, while many factors are shown to be associated with its occurrence. The present study investigated the affective-sexual relationships of adolescents, focusing on the experiences as perpetrators and victims of different types of violence between partners. We conducted a quantitative study with a descriptive, comparative and correlational design, with 124 heterosexual adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years (M = 15.94, SD = 0.65). As measurement instruments we used a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ), and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI). The results showed percentages of violence that ranged from 14.7% for relational abuse committed to 97% for verbal/emotional violence suffered. We identified significant gender differences in the dimensions of threatening behavior (t = -3.172, p = 0.002) and physical violence (t = -3.037, p = 0.003) perpetrated by the participant, indicating that it is the girls who report that they practice this type of violence more often. No significant correlation was observed between experiences of violence in the family of origin and in the relationship with the partner (p > 0.05). However, there was an association between the occurrence of violence in the relationships of the adolescents and the presence of violence in the affective-sexual relationships of friends (p < 0.05). We highlight the importance of expanding the field of theory regarding this phenomenon, in order to assist with future interventions.

Do male and female gamblers have the same burden of adversity over their life course?

The objective of this research is to investigate gender difference and the burden of adversity during the life course of people who develop gambling problems. A sample of 86 adult participants met the criteria for at-risk problem gambling over the last 5 years. Data were obtained from informants during semi-structured face-to-face interviews, using SCID I and II, SOGS, Module K and a recount of life trajectories methodology. The results showed a high level of adversity throughout the life trajectories of the men and women studied. The results indicated that the major load of mental health disorders, the presence of anxiety disorders and co-morbid mental health disorders are more significant among women. Results also indicated a significant presence of violence in the lives of both men and women during early childhood and adolescence. During adulthood, women are more likely to be victims of intimate partner or marital violence whereas men tended to cumulate difficulties in social fields and especially in their professional lives. This significant burden of adversity creates a number of difficulties which makes it complicated to isolate gambling activities. Clinicians might have difficulty detecting female gamblers during consultation, especially when they present with co-morbid mental health disorders and violence issues.

Low desire, trauma and femininity in the DSM-5: a case for sequelae

The recently released DSM-5 (2013) includes a new sexual dysfunction: female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD). For the first time, the low sexual desire disorders are split along gender lines, and lack of sexual ‘receptivity’ is offered as a criterion for diagnosis in women only. Although ‘severe relationship distress’ or other ‘significant stressors’ are to be considered during evaluation for FSIAD, the patient’s trauma history is not evaluated as part of the protocol. The presence of violence or distress can potentially elicit a differential diagnosis, but what constitutes ‘severity’ is not articulated either, except to designate ‘partner violence’ as the primary example. Thus, past relational violence, sexual abuse and trauma are not explicitly considered – nor is the vast spectrum of gendered violations that many women describe experiencing on a regular basis. I examine potential problems with separating the trauma diagnoses (i.e., post-traumatic stress disorder, depersonalisation/derealisation disorder, and other trauma- and stressor-related or dissociative disorders) from FSIAD in the DSM-5. Drawing on interviews with low-desiring women who describe being violated, I elaborate how this diagnostic separation may be re-traumatising for women who have experienced such violence and have low sexual desire as a result. I also question the utility of framing psychological disorders and symptoms as co-morbid (i.e., concomitant but unrelated), and argue instead for more thorough aetiological or sequelic investigations of low desire.

The Relationship of Perceived Family Criticism and Other Risk Factors to Violence Among Patients with Schizophrenia

Background Patients with schizophrenia in particular are reported to engage in violent acts that are more frequent and more severe compared with other psychiatric illnesses. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with violence among schizophrenic patients. Methods A convenience sample of 140 inpatient schizophrenic patients were recruited in this study. Schizophrenia was diagnosed using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis l? disorders, clinical version (SCID-I-CV). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to the patients. Presence of violence was assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS)and perceived family criticism was assessed using the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (FEICS) Results of the 140 schizophrenic patients, 66 (47.1%) reported a presence of violence as a cause for their admission. Presence of positive symptoms and excitement, Male gender, non-compliance with treatment, presence of previous hospitalizations due to violence, and higher levels of perceived family criticism were found to be significantly associated with violence among schizophrenic patients. (OR= 2.1, 1.16, 1.27, 1.14, 1.34, 1.20 respectively). Conclusion Positive symptoms of schizophrenia, male gender, non-compliance with treatment, a history of violence and perceived family criticism were found to be associated with violence among schizophrenic patients in the current study. All these factors should be considered in the treatment regimen of schizophrenia to decrease violence among those patients.

Justification beliefs of violence, myths about love and cyber dating abuse.

Distorted beliefs about violence and love are often associated with the presence of violence in dating relationships. This study analyzes the relationship between beliefs that justify violence and myths about love in two types of cyber dating abuse (control and direct aggression). The sample consisted of 656 young people between the ages of 18 and 30 years (79.5% women). Regression analysis showed that justification of cyber dating abuse was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of direct aggression in online dating relationships. Myths about love were associated with a greater likelihood of control in online dating relationships. Furthermore, the relationship between justification of cyber dating abuse and perpetration of direct aggression was stronger in women. The relationship between myths about love and perpetration of online control was stronger among the youngest individuals. The justification of abuse and myths about love are important aspects in the development of different kinds of online abuse among young couples. This finding has important implications for the prevention of and intervention in these behaviors.

When the Bedroom Is the Crime Scene: To What Extent Does Johnson's Typology Account for Intimate Partner Sexual Assault?

Johnson's (2008) typology of domestic violence was conceptualized to explain the control context and presence of violence in intimate relationships. However, issues surrounding sexual assault in the context of intimate partner violence remain insufficiently addressed. The current study situates sexual assault within Johnson's (2008) typology because prior research has largely ignored it. Doing so is necessary to determine the utility of Johnson's categorizations. Using qualitative data from 134 intimate partner sexual assaults reported to Los Angeles law enforcement in 2008, the present study examines the control context and co-occurrence of physical and sexual assault, as well as the presence of non-physical coercive techniques, such as threats. Theoretical implications regarding the problems surrounding conceptualizing sexual assault vis-à-vis Johnson's categorizations are discussed.

Women with HIV: gender violence and suicidal ideation.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between gender violence and suicidal ideation in women with HIV.METHODS A cross-sectional study with 161 users of specialized HIV/AIDS care services. The study investigated the presence of gender violence through the Brazilian version of the World Health Organization Violence against Women instrument, and suicidal ideation through the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software, using the Chi-square test and Poisson multiple regression model.RESULTS Eighty-two women with HIV reported suicidal ideation (50.0%), 78 (95.0%) of who had suffered gender violence. Age at first sexual intercourse < 15 years old, high number of children, poverty, living with HIV for long, and presence of violence were statistically associated with suicidal ideation. Women who suffered gender violence showed 5.7 times more risk of manifesting suicidal ideation.CONCLUSIONS Women with HIV showed a high prevalence to gender violence and suicidal ideation. Understanding the relationship between these two grievances may contribute to the comprehensive care of these women and implementation of actions to prevent violence and suicide.

Las revoluciones islámicas: un análisis fotográfico

In the present paper it is analyzed the presence of violence in the graphic news contents anput the islamic revolutions of the Arab Spring, and how it could modify the perception of the facts related in that news. In addition, it is compared how high is the violence grade in the most important Spanish newspapers.

Traumatismo e identidades estigmatizadas: migraciones forzadas por conflictos bélicos

En la línea de las subjetividades, la migración es un evento que transforma la vida de las personas, debido a las causas que motivaron el desplazamiento, periplo de los traslados e inserción en las comunidades receptoras. Este proceso es mucho más aleccionador en el caso de las migraciones forzadas por conflictos bélicos, porque se trata de una fase que reconoce la violencia como eje rector del desplazamiento, que tiene repercusiones no solo en aquellos que vivieron las experiencias del conflicto armado, sino sobre los diagramas vitales de las generaciones posteriores.Este trabajo propone estudiar el trauma como una categoría clave para el estudio de las migraciones forzadas por conflictos bélicos, tomando como referencia el éxodo de los indígenas mayas del norte de Guatemala, en el contexto de la lucha contrainsurgente, en la década de los 80 del siglo XX. El traumatismo, en tanto evento disruptivo, es una secuela inherente a las migraciones forzadas en contextos de violencia, que se revela como despojo subjetivo e invalidez política de individuos y colectivos.

The link between HIV/AIDS and violence among young adults: A study in Udupi, Karnataka

Background: Violence is a major public health problem which affects the community and threatens the life of people. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and different forms of violence among HIV positive young adults taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Udupi district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among HIV positive young adults (18-35 years) who were aware of their status. The participants were selected from ART Centre of Udupi district adopting convenience sampling. Data were collected from 200 young HIV positive young adults using a predesigned, pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Results: The overall prevalence of domestic violence was 14.5% and was found to be more among females (17.6%) as compared to males (6.9%). This difference was statistically significant among gender with a P-value Conclusion: Physical and sexual violence was found to be more in female HIV positive patients as compared to males. The presence of violence among HIV positive young adults especially among the females demands for the concerted efforts at combating underlying factors leading to violence among this vulnerable group of HIV positive young adults.

Schools as Sites of Violence: The Role of Social Capital in Reducing Violence in South African Township Schools

Violence is a feature of schooling globally; in this regard the experiences of violence in South African schools are not in isolation. This paper presents selected findings of a research study on schools as sites of violence which was conducted in 16 secondary schools in townships across six South African provinces. Data for this study was collected through a literature review as well as an empirical investigation. Bourdieu and Coleman's social capital theories were used as theoretical frameworks for the empirical enquiry. The results of the study revealed the prevalence of violence within the participating schools and that the presence of violence can partly be attributed to the social contexts of these schools, for example, the unique context of South African townships. In this context social capital is not optimised. The researcher thus argue(s) that violence could be reduced through optimising social capital. In this paper it is explained how the social capital theory could be used to change the social contexts of these schools which in turn would reduce violence, improve school safety and enhance learners' academic performance.