Presence Of Rh Research Articles

Como a hiperbilirrubinemia deve ser considerada na definição do protocolo da triagem auditiva para neonatos de risco?

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze hyperbilirubinemia as an indicator for the definition of risk protocol in newborn hearing screening (NHS) and in auditory monitoring in full-term and preterm neonates. Methods This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. A total of 554 children born in a public maternity hospital were included and divided into two groups: (G1) with 373 full-terms neonates; (G2) with 181 preterm neonates. Data were collected from the participant’s medical records to obtain information regarding the result of the NHS, performed by recording the automated auditory brainstem response (AABR), birth conditions, clinical characteristics, interventions performed, and results of the first test of total bilirubin (TB) and indirect bilirubin (IB) as well as the peak of TB and IB. A descriptive statistical analysis of the results was performed, and the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results On the NHS test, quotes of retest referral rates were smaller in G1 when compared to G2. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding type of delivery, gender, presence of Rh and ABO incompatibility, G6PD enzyme deficiency, and performance of phototherapy. TB and IB levels at the first exam and at peak time did not differ between neonates with “pass” and “fail” results on the NHS test in both groups. Conclusion Bilirubin levels in the neonatal period below the recommended values for indication of exchange transfusion are not directly related to the “fail” result on the NHS tests in term and preterm neonates.

How should hyperbilirubinemia be considered in the definition of the hearing screening protocol for neonates at risk?

To analyze hyperbilirubinemia as an indicator for the definition of risk protocol in newborn hearing screening (NHS) and in auditory monitoring in full-term and preterm neonates. This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. A total of 554 children born in a public maternity hospital were included and divided into two groups: (G1) with 373 full-terms neonates; (G2) with 181 preterm neonates. Data were collected from the participant's medical records to obtain information regarding the result of the NHS, performed by recording the automated auditory brainstem response (AABR), birth conditions, clinical characteristics, interventions performed, and results of the first test of total bilirubin (TB) and indirect bilirubin (IB) as well as the peak of TB and IB. A descriptive statistical analysis of the results was performed, and the level of significance adopted was 5%. On the NHS test, quotes of retest referral rates were smaller in G1 when compared to G2. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding type of delivery, gender, presence of Rh and ABO incompatibility, G6PD enzyme deficiency, and performance of phototherapy. TB and IB levels at the first exam and at peak time did not differ between neonates with "pass" and "fail" results on the NHS test in both groups. Bilirubin levels in the neonatal period below the recommended values for indication of exchange transfusion are not directly related to the "fail" result on the NHS tests in term and preterm neonates.

CARDIOVASCULAR HAEMODYNAMICS IN TWO GROUPS OF HYPERTENSION: RESISTANT HYPERTENSION AND MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION

Objective: Patients with malignant and resistant hypertension have poor prognosis and high rate of complications. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the severe forms of hypertension and their relationship to cardiac haemodynamics and vascular function is crucial to the management of blood pressure (BP). Design and method: In a cross-sectional comparison, of age and sex matched groups, we assessed left ventricle (LV) strain function using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), (Figure 1), endothelial function using flow mediated dilation (FMD) and arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV) in patients with confirmed RH (n = 23), treated malignant hypertension (MHT) (n = 54) and normotensive control (NC) (n = 23). Results: Characteristics pf study population are provided in table 1. Both hypertension groups showed markedly reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS) vs. NC (MHT -15.6% {-17 – -15}, RH -17.7% {-20 – -16} vs. NC -25% {-28 – -22]}, all p < 0.001) with GLS being lower in MHT vs. RH (p < 0.05). Both hypertensive groups also showed preserved but lower global circumferential strain (GCS) vs. NC (MHT -30.7% ± 4.7, RH -30.0% ± 4.3 vs. NC -34.3% ± 4.5, p = 0.004 and p = 0.03, respectively). FMD was markedly attenuated in both hypertensive groups (RH: 5.5 % ±2.6 and MHT: 5.9 % ± 2.6 vs. NC: 9.9 % ± 2.5%, p < 0.001). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was increased in both hypertensives compared to NC (p < 0.05). Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were decreased in MHT compared to NC (p = 0.01 and p = 0.002, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounders (presence of hypertension, duration of hypertension, age, BMI, and eGFR), presence of MHT (p < 0.001), presence of RH (p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.01) showed significant negative association with GLS, whereas eGFR showed significant positive association with GLS (p = 0.03), (Table 2). Conclusions: This is the first cardio-vascular assessment of two extreme phenotypes of hypertension. Patients with MHT and RH had persistent impaired cardiac remodelling independent of preserved EF, impaired endothelial function and elevated arterial stiffness. Early cardiac remodelling marker, GLS was more impaired in MHT patients.

Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens in multiparous women attending antenatal clinic in tertiary hospital, port harcourt, Nigeria

The routine blood screening test carried out for pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Tertiary Hospital Port Harcourt, Nigeria especially with regards to blood group system is limited to ABO/Rh D antigen screening. This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the Rh C, c, E and e blood group antigens in multiparous women attending antenatal clinic in Tertiary Hospital Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) pregnant females within the age range of 18-40years were recruited randomly into the study between February-June, 2022. Blood samples were aseptically collected by venipuncture into EDTA sample bottle; Rh C, c, E and e blood group antigens were assay for using microwell agglutination technique. Data generated was statistically analyzed by simple percentage calculation and defining the percentage frequency of Rh antigens. Results obtained showed the percentage distribution of 17.5% for Rh C, 89.2% for Rh c, 39.2% for Rh E and 90.8% for Rh-e. Percentage distribution of Rh antigens amongst studied population based on parity showed that G3P2 group had the highest percentage positivity of 8(6.7%) for Rh-C antigen while those carrying their first pregnancy (prime) had the highest percentage positivity of 33(27.5%), 15(12.5%) and 36(30.0%) for Rh-c, Rh-E and Rh-e respectively. Distribution of Rh antigens with respect to previous transfusion history in studied participants showed 6 (5.0%), 15 (12.5%), 6 (5.0%) and 17 (14.2%) percentage positivity for Rh-C, Rh-c, Rh-E and Rh-e respectively. This study revealed a percentage positivity of 17.5%, 89.2%, 39.2 % and 90.8% for Rh-C, Rh-c, Rh-E and Rh-e respectively with high percentage expression for Rh-c, E and e antigens found on the red cells of Antennal Women carrying their first pregnancy. Furthermore, there is a high percentage expression of Rh antigens in previously transfused pregnant women in this study. Although routine phenotyping of these blood group antigens will be a financial burden in a resource limited country like Nigeria. It is expedient and needful to take into cognizance the fact that the presence of Rh C, c, E and e antigens may likely be the cause of some delayed transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and new born. Therefore, there is need for the inclusion of Rh C, c, E and e in routine antigen typing for pregnant women in other to help ameliorate red blood cell alloimmunization and delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction during pregnancy. Furthermore, there is need to promulgate policies that promote the optimum stocking of Rh-e, c antigen negative blood in blood banks in the area for emergency use.

Rhodium-catalyzed regioselective cross-coupling of styrene oxides with arylboronic acids in aqueous γ-valerolactone

A simple and regioselective cross-coupling of styrene oxides with arylboronic acids in the presence of Rh(PPh3)3Cl in biomass-derived γ-valerolactone has been developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly to give 1,2-diaryl ethanols as the predominant products in moderate to good yields.

Theoretical studies of high-Tc Fe-superconductors based on BaFe2As2 in presence of dopants Rh and Pd

One of the recent discoveries is the superconductivity in the Fe- based materials with anti-ferromagnetic state at ambient temperature. The pure material BaFe2As2 is a semi-metal and has not superconductivity. The transition to the superconductivity state appeared in presence of different dopants. In this report we present the results of calculations using the embedded cluster method at the RO-MP2 electron correlation level and two suites of programs MOLPRO 2019 and Gaussian 16. The cluster Ba4Fe5As8 in presence of Rh and Pd as dopants was used. The NBO population analysis showed two main features: the independence of charge density transfer from the spin density transfer and, the presence of orbitals with electron density but without spin density. The observed properties correspond to the RVB mechanism for the superconductivity proposed by Anderson for cuprates. This confirmed the conclusions made in our publications for the same material doped by Co and Ni.

Frequency Occurrence and Percentage Distribution of Rh C, Rh c, Rh E and Rh e Blood Group Amongst Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: The Rhesus (Rh) blood group is one of the most complex blood groups in humans comprising mainly of Rh D, C, c, E and e. However, only Rh D is routinely screened for in Nigeria despite the fact that other Rh antigens are clinically significant and can cause haemolytic disease of the newborn and delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions.
 Aim: The aim was to determine the frequency distribution of Rh C, c, E and e blood groups among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
 Study Design: The study consisted of 147 apparently healthy pregnant women within the age range of 18-45 years, attending a selected Primary Healthcare Centre (Obio Cottage Hospital) in Port Harcourt. The study was carried out from January 20, 2020 to March 27, 2020. The presence of Rh C, c, E and e blood groups were investigated using Anti-C, c, E and e monoclonal antibody in the same order.
 Results: Rh C, c, E and e were observed in 38.09%, 100%, 17.68% and 100% in the same order.
 Conclusion: The study indicated dominance of Rh c and Rh e over Rh C and Rh E among the studied pregnant women. It is necessary to take into cognizance the fact that the presence of Rh C, c, E and e antigens may be the cause of some delayed transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. Therefore, routine antigen typing for Rh antigens may help in decreasing red blood cell allo-immunization and delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction during pregnancy.

Highly regioselective homogeneous isomerization-hydroformylation of 2-butene with water- and air-stable phosphoramidite bidentate ligand

• The linear selectivity of valeraldehyde was over 99% with the yield of more than 93%. • Diphosphoramidite ligand is water and air stable, proved by hydrolysis, oxidation experiments and cyclic voltammetry measurements. • Diphosphoramidite ligand coordination to rhodium as ee configuration was confirmed by NMR and IR. • The Rh/diphosphoramidite catalyst could work well for beyond 40 h. Highly selective isomerization-hydroformylation of 2-butene was achieved with the presence of Rh(acac)(CO) 2 and a phosphoramidite bidentate ligand which bearing 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl backbone and N-indolyl substitute. The molar ratio of n- to isovaleraldehyde (217) is distinctly higher than the reported systems. NMR and IR revealed that the five-coordinate HRh(ligand)(CO) 2 was an equatorial-equatorial configuration which contributed to the n-selectivity of valeraldehyde. The strong π-acceptor ability of ligand was suggested to play a key role in fast isomerization of 2-butene. Hydrolysis and oxidation experiments demonstrated that the ligand was water- and air-stable. Cyclic voltammetry measurement confirmed that this phosphoramidite ligand is more difficult to be oxidized, compared with the phosphine, phosphinite and phosphite ligands. Inspiringly, recycling experiments showed the catalytic system could work for at least 7 runs with unchanged selectivity.

Concise asymmetric total syntheses of (−)-nuciferol, (−)-nuciferal, and (−)-dihydrocurcumene via Rh(I)-catalyzed boronic acid addition

A general catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of aromatic bisabolane sesquiterpenes, (−)-nuciferol (ent-1c), (−)-nuciferal (ent-1d), and (−)-dihydrocurcumene (ent-1h) have been achieved in 5–6 steps in high chemical yields from commercially available (E)-ethylcrotonate. A key catalytic enantioselective boronic acid addition onto (E)-crotonate in the presence of Rh(I)-(S)-BINAP afforded enantioenriched product with benzylic stereogenic center in 93% yield with up to >99% ee.

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone using bis-imine rhodium complexes: Kinetic study and modeling

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone (APh) to (R)-1-phenylethanol (PhE) was studied in 2-propanol solution in the presence of Rh(1,5-COD)(μ-Cl)]2+L, where COD = cyclooctadiene and L is a bis-aldimine ligand based on (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and pyridinecarboxaldehyde. This rhodium (I) complex bearing optically active ligands achieved a maximum turnover frequency (TOF) of 268 h−1 at 78 °C and a moderate maximum enantioselectivity (ee) of 55 % for (R)-1-PhE. A formal kinetic study of the process was carried out using the Rh(1,5-COD)(N,N'-(R,R)-1,2-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl-bis-(1-(pyridine-2-yl)-methanimine)-Cl complex. The induction period for catalyst activation is proposed to involve the rapid reaction of the pre-catalyst with excess iso-propoxide to give the catalytically active Rh(1,5-COD)(N,N'-(R,R)-1,2-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl-bis-(1-(pyridine-2-yl)-methanimine)-OiPr, which leads to the transfer hydrogenation of 1,5-COD. Reaction profiles were obtained by varying the initial concentrations of APh, pre-catalyst, base, acetone, and the temperature. These data were fitted to a kinetic model for the proposed mechanism, and numerical simulation led to a set of rate constants and thermodynamic parameters.

Naphthalene hydrogenation using Rh/Fe2O3-TiO2 magnetic catalysts

Two magnetic catalysts were synthesized by a modification route and applied into the naphthalene hydrogenation at 553 K. For this propose, Fe2O3-TiO2 support and Rh/Fe2O3-TiO2 catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Temperature Programmed Reduction of hydrogen (TPR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. Based on the results, a multiple heterojunction was formed with a stick and spherical particles, where the morphology produced crystallite-size and pore-average size in the interval from 9 nm to 23 nm and 15 nm, respectively. The Rh/Fe2O3-TiO2 catalyst was selective in trans-decalin and increased its performance from 80 to 100% of conversion at 1 h. After six reactions cycles, this catalyst reached percentages conversion close to 85%. This phenomenon was promoted by 1) the presence of Rh and, 2) the adsorption of hydrogen in the surface of TiO2, which enabled Fe3+ sites and thus increasing the catalytic effect.

ABO blood group distributions in multiple sclerosis patients from Basque Country; O- as a protective factor.

BackgroundThe relation between ABO/Rh groups and multiple sclerosis (MS) has been proposed in several studies, however there is a controversy about the role of these groups in the disease. Although it has been reported that some groups can be protective or risk factors, there is no consensus and discordant reports can be found in the literature.Objectives and methodologyIn this short report, we analyze the ABO/Rh distribution in a MS cohort of 265 patients and compare these frequencies with the results obtained from the Basque Blood Donors bank (17,796 individuals) of the same region.Results and conclusionsFrom our data, the absence of immune antigens (A, B or Rhesus +) defined by the group O- seems to be protective in the MS group with an odds ratio of 0.49 (95% confidence interval 0.309–0.796), while the presence of Rh+ plus A or B seems to be a risk in developing multiple sclerosis.

Electronic structure study of new family of high-Tc Fe-superconductors based on BaFe2As2 in presence of dopants Rh and Pd.

AbstractThe superconductivity has a long history. One of the most recent discoveries is the superconductivity in the Fe- based family with anti- ferromagnetic state at ambient temperature. In this type of material, the transition to the superconductivity state was found in presence of different dopants. In this report we present the results of calculations of the cluster representing Ba4Fe5As8 in presence of Rh and Pd as dopants. The methodology of Embedded Cluster Method at the MP2 electron correlation level was employed. The population analysis showed two main features: the independence of charge density transfer from the spin density transfer and, the presence of orbitals with electron density but without spin density. The observed properties correspond to the RVB mechanism for the superconductivity transition proposed by Anderson for cuprates. This confirms our conclusions obtained in the same material doped by Co and Ni.

Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of 2‐Alkylenecyclo‐butanols with Alkynes and (E)‐2‐Nitroethenylbenzene through C(sp2)—C(sp3) Bond Cleavage

Summary of main observation and conclusionAn intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition was realized through C—C bond cleavage in the presence of Rh(I) catalyst. The selective ring opening of 2‐alkylenecyclobutanols enables the generation of active alkenylrhodium species, which underwent smooth cross addition over alkynes and (E)‐2‐nitroethenylbenzene, leading to highly substituted all‐carbon six‐membered rings in a single step and in a complete atom economy.

Rapid preconcentration of palladium and rhodium using magnetic graphene oxide/silicon dioxide nanocomposite prior to FAAS determination

The present study was conducted to evaluate the capability of magnetic graphene oxide/silicon dioxide nanocomposites as a novel adsorbent for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of Pd(ii) in the presence of Rh(iii) ions prior to FAAS determination.

Synthesis of Pt/M (M = Au, Rh) Nanoparticles in Microemulsions: Controlling the Metal Distribution in Pt/M Catalysts

The synthesis of Au/Pt and Pt/Rh nanoparticles in microemulsions by a one-pot method has been studied by computer simulation using stoichiometric and in-excess reducing agent. Our study demonstrates that Pt is reduced faster in the presence of Rh than in the presence of Au, and this acceleration is attributed to the higher availability of reducing agent in the Pt/Rh than in Au/Pt synthesis. Final bimetallic nanoparticles show a better metal segregation in Pt/Rh when compared with Au/Pt nanoparticles. In Au/Pt synthesis, Pt reaction rate depends on the ease with which reactants can be exchanged between micelles and the availability of reducing agent. When Pt/Rh nanoparticles are synthesized using a rigid film, the slow intermicellar exchange runs together with the slow reduction rates of the metals. It results in a very slow consumption of reducing agent, so the amount of reducing agent does not affect Pt reaction rate.

Triorganoindium Reagents in Rh-Catalyzed C⁻H Activation/C⁻C Cross-Coupling Reactions of 2-Arylpyridines.

The activation of C–H bonds through catalytic reactions using transition metals is an important challenge in organic chemistry in which the intermediates are related to those produced in the classical cross-coupling reactions. As part of our research program devoted to the development of metal-catalyzed reactions using indium organometallics, a protocol for the C–H activation and C–C coupling of 2-arylpyridines with triorganoindium reagents under Rh(I) catalysis is reported. Under the optimized conditions, we found that Me3In and Ar3In reagents reacted with 2-arylpyridines and related compounds in the presence of Rh(PPh3)3Cl, in PhCl/THF (9:1), at 120 °C for 48 h, to afford the ortho-coupling products in moderate to good yields. The nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring acts as a directing group to assist the functionalization at the ortho position of the aryl group forming a new C–C bond at this position.

Rh-catalyzed Carbonylation of (2-Pyridylmethylene)cyclobutanes

Carbonylation of (2-pyridylmethylene)cyclobutanes in the presence of Rh(I) catalysts resulted in cleavage of cyclobutane C–C bonds to afford five-membered ring ketones and could be performed using paraformaldehyde as the CO source.

Computationally Guided Catalyst Design in the Type I Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Pauson–Khand Reaction of Allenyl Acetates

The Rh(I)-catalyzed allenic Pauson-Khand reaction (APKR) is an efficient, redox-neutral method of synthesizing α-acyloxy cyclopentenones. An enantioselective APKR could provide access to chiral, nonracemic α-acyloxy and α-hydroxy cyclopentenones and their corresponding redox derivatives, such as thapsigargin, a cytotoxic natural product with potent antitumor activity. Rapid scrambling of axial chirality of allenyl acetates in the presence of Rh(I) catalysts enables the conversion of racemic allene to enantiopure cyclopentenone product in a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT). A combined experimental and computational approach was taken to develop an effective catalytic system to achieve the asymmetric transformation. The optimization of the denticity, and steric and electronic properties of the ancillary ligand (initially (S)-MonoPhos, 58:42 er), afforded a hemilabile bidentate (S)-MonoPhos-alkene-Rh(I) catalyst that provided α-acyloxy cyclopentenone product in up to 14:86 er. Enantioselectivity of the Rh(I)-(S)-MonoPhos-alkene catalyst was rationalized using ligand-substrate steric interactions and distortion energies in the computed transition states. This asymmetric APKR of allenyl acetates is a rare example of a Type I DyKAT reaction of an allene, the first example of DyKAT in a cyclocarbonylation reaction, and the first catalyst-controlled enantioselective APKR.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Cyclization of Benzamides and Diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones for Synthesis of Lactones.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/cyclization of benzamides and diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones for synthesis of lactones has been developed. In the presence of Rh(III) catalysis, the benzamides would form rhodacycle species and could be trapped by diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones for arylation, and the following intramolecular lactonization would rapidly furnish the products. Thus, the diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones were first revealed as a lactonization component in Rh(III)-catalysis, while the kinetic isotope effect study was conducted and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.