Presence Of Pyridoxine Research Articles

Improvement of Vicia faba plant tolerance under salinity stress by the application of thiamine and pyridoxine vitamins

Enhancement of plant growth at early growth stages is usually associated with the stimulation of various metabolic activities, which is reflected on morphological features and yield quantity and quality. Vitamins is considered as anatural plant metabolites which makes it a safe and ecofriendly treatment when used in appropriate doses, for that this research aimed to study the effect of two different vitamin B forms (thiamine and pyridoxine) on Vicia faba plants as agrowth stimutator in addition to study it’s effect on plant as astrong antioxidant under salinity stress.Our findings demonstrated that both vitamin forms significantly increased seedling growth at germination and early growth stages, especially at 50 ppm for pyridoxine and 100 ppm for thiamine. Pyridoxine at 50 ppm increased seedling length by approximately 35% compared to control, while thiamine at 100 ppm significantly promoted seedling fresh and dry wt by 4.36 and 1.36 g, respectively, compared to control seedling fresh wt 2.17 g and dry weight 1.07 g. Irrigation with 100 mM NaCl had a negative impact on plant growth and processes as well as the uptake of several critical ions, such as K+ and Mg+2, increasing Na uptake in comparison to that in control plants. Compared to control plants irrigated with NaCl solution, the photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and total antioxidant capacity increased in the presence of pyridoxine and thiamine, both at 50 and 100 ppm salinity. The proline content increased in both treated and untreated plants subjected to salt stress compared to that in control plants. Thiamine, especially at 50 ppm, was more effective than pyridoxine at improving plant health under saline conditions. An increase in Vicia faba plant tolerance to salinity was established by enhancing antioxidant capacity via foliar application of vitamin B through direct and indirect scavenging methods, which protect cell macromolecules from damage by oxidative stress, the highest antioxidant capacity value 28.14% was recorded at 50 ppm thiamine under salinity stress.The provided results is aguide for more researches in plant physiology and molecular biology to explain plant response to vitamins application and the suggest the sequence by which vitamins work inside plant cell.

Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency

Fish population declines from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency have been widespread in ecologically and economically valuable organisms, ranging from the Great Lakes to the Baltic Sea and, most recently, the California coast. Thiamine deficiencies in predatory fishes are often attributed to a diet of prey fishes with high levels of thiamine-degrading (e.g., thiaminase) enzymes, such as alewives, rainbow smelt, and anchovies. Since their discovery, thiaminase I enzymes have been recognized for breaking down thiamine into its pyrimidine and thiazole moieties using various nucleophilic co-substrates to afford cleavage, but these studies have not thoroughly considered other factors that could modify enzyme activity. We found the thiaminase I enzyme from Clostridium botulinum efficiently degrades thiamine in the presence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a co-substrate but has relatively limited activity in the presence of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3). Using fluorescence measurements, thiamine degradation in an over-the-counter complete multivitamin formulation was inhibited, and a B-complex formulation required co-substrate supplementation for maximal thiamine depletion. These studies prompted the evaluation of specific constituents contributing to thiaminase I inhibition by both chromatography and fluorescence assays: Cu2+ potently and irreversibly inhibited thiamine degradation; ascorbic acid was a strong but reversible inhibitor; Fe2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ modulated thiamine degradation to a lesser degree. The enhancement by pyridoxine and inhibition by Cu2+ extended to thiaminase-mediated degradation from Burkholderia thailandensis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus, and Paenibacillus apiarius in tryptic soy broth supernatants. These co-substrate limitations and the common presence of inhibitory dietary factors complement recent studies reporting that the intended function of thiaminase enzymes is to recycle thiamine breakdown products for thiamine synthesis, not thiamine degradation.

Construction of new sensors with copper and cobalt com¬ple¬xes anchored on organofunctionalized silica and their use for electrocatalytic oxidation of reagents of biological interest

This work describes the development and application of chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) with metal ion complexes of transition metals Co(II) and Cu(II) anchored on functionalized silica (SF). The prepared CMCPE was used for the determination of dopamine (DA) in the presence of pyridoxine (VB6) in commercially available pharmaceutical formulation, without any treatment of samples. The CMCPEs were built by incorporating graphite and functionalized silica and complexes of metal ions (Cu and Co) anchored by nitrogen groups on the silica surface. The electrochemical analysis was performed by cyclic voltammetry, while a drug analyzed in the present study was Revivan ampoules (DA determination).

Increased leptin-b expression and metalloprotease expression contributed to the pyridoxine-associated toxicity in zebrafish larvae displaying seizure-like behavior

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting people of all ages, races and ethnic backgrounds world-wide. Vitamin B6 supplementation has been widely used as an adjuvant for treating epilepsy. However, the adverse effects, including nausea and peripheral sensory neuropathy, caused by long-term and high-dose consumption of vitamin B6 have undermined the usefulness of vitamin B6 supplementation, justifying additional experimental scrutiny of vitamin B6-associated toxicity. In the current study, we found that the presence of pyridoxine, the inactive form of B6 vitamer included in most nutrient supplements, increased the mortality of the larvae displaying chemical-induced epilepsy. The expression of leptin-b, one zebrafish ortholog of human leptin, was significantly increased in the larvae displaying seizures. Increased leptin-b expression alleviated larval seizure-like behavior when exposed to epilepsy inducer, but also increased larval mortality in the presence of pyridoxine. Meanwhile, elevated adam17 and mmp13 mRNA level were found in the larvae simultaneously exposed to epilepsy-inducer and pyridoxine. Adding TNF-α inhibitor and mmp13 inhibitor effectively improved the survival of larvae injected with leptin-b mRNA and exposed to pyridoxine subsequently. We conclude that increased leptin-b and metalloprotease expression contributed, at least partly, to the pyridoxine-associated toxicity observed in larvae displaying seizures.

Effects of Antioxidant Molecules on Sensor and Reporter Luminescent Strains

The paper reports on a study of the effects of different type antioxidant molecules on recombinant, luminescent, bacterial biosensensors. It has been demonstrated that thiamine can activate oxidative stress promoters, mainly in biosensors based on the parental cells of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. We have detected the induction of soxS and katG promoters and activation of the SOS-response system in the analyzed biosensors in the presence of pyridoxine. It has been shown that ascorbic acid has pronounced prooxidant and toxic properties. Other analyzed compounds proved to be less active and did not induce antioxidant and reparatory systems in luminescent biosensors based on the parental cells of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and Escherichia coli MG1655.

Pyridoxine supplementation during oocyte maturation improves the development and quality of bovine preimplantation embryos

Recently, inhibition of cathepsin B (CTSB) activity during in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) improved the developmental competence and quality of bovine oocytes and embryos. E-64 is a widely used inhibitor to inhibit CTSB activity, however, E-64 inhibits not only CTSB activity but also the activities of other proteases including cathepsin L (CTSL), papain, calpain, and trypsin. Pyridoxine, the catalytically active form of vitamin B6, plays a crucial role in several cellular processes and has the ability to inhibit CTSB activity. However, whether pyridoxine has an improving effect during IVM of bovine oocytes is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of pyridoxine supplementation during IVM on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes and the quality of the produced blastocysts. Supplementation of pyridoxine to the maturation medium significantly decreased the activity of CTSB in both bovine cumulus cells and oocytes. Moreover, pyridoxine improved both the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates. In addition, the presence of pyridoxine during IVM also significantly improved the quality of the produced embryos by increasing the total cell number as well as decreasing the CTSB mRNA expression and apoptotic rate. These results indicate that pyridoxine is a promising tool to improve the developmental competence of bovine oocytes and subsequent embryo quality.

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol in the presence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

Experiments aimed at ameliorating carbon dioxide (CO2) into methanol were explored using pyridoxine, a member of the vitamin B6 family, to enhance the reduction process. At a platinum electrode, an aqueous solution (pH≈5) of pyridoxine showed a quasi-reversible redox couple with the cathodic peak detected at ca. −0.55V vs. Ag/AgCl (3M KCl) in the presence of CO2 and argon. An increase in the corresponding cathodic peak current was observed following saturation of the solution with CO2 using a Pt electrode, but with no detectable reduction current recorded at a glassy carbon electrode for the same system. Confirmation of methanol formation during the pyridoxine-assisted CO2 reduction was conducted by using gas chromatography analysis of the electrolyzed solutions and faradic yields of ca. 5% were afforded. A combination of the results from the cyclic voltammetry and constant current chronopotentiometry experiments revealed an overpotential of ≤200mV was required. The results indicate a potential utility of pyridoxine as an alternative reagent to the more toxic pyridine during the electrochemical reduction of CO2.

REMOVED: Brain specific xanthine oxidase in the presence of pyridoxine might serve as a triggering enzyme for the proliferation of the cells

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.

Contents of All Forms of Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine-^|^beta;-Glucoside and 4-Pyridoxic Acid in Mature Milk of Japanese Women According to 4-Pyridoxolactone-Conversion High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The contents of six vitamin B6 forms, pyridoxine-β-glucoside, and 4-pyridoxic acid in mature milk of 20 Japanese lactating women consuming ordinary Japanese foods were determined by a 4-pyridoxolactone-conversion HPLC method. These compounds were determined with the average recovery rate of 83.9% or more. The average total content of vitamin B6 forms was 1.01 ± 0.32 (µmol/L). Pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were found in all of the samples, and their average contents were 0.71 ± 0.28 (µmol/L) and 0.16 ± 0.07 (µmol/L), respectively. Pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, and pyridoxine-β-glucoside were found in 15, 14, 13, 9, and 7 samples, respectively. The presence of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate was for the first time found in human milk. A method for the determination of 4-pyridoxic acid, which is the excretion form of vitamin B6, was modified to quantitate it by isocratic HPLC. 4-Pyridoxic acid was found in all samples, and its average content was 0.094 ± 0.040 (µmol/L), which was only 12% of its content in cow (Holstein) milk. The total content of vitamin B6 forms, and predominant presence of pyridoxal among other vitamin B6 forms in the Japanese women's milk samples shared similar characteristics with American women's milk samples.

Pyridoxine prevents dysfunction of endothelial cell nitric oxide production in response to low-density lipoprotein

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) inhibits endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. The aim of this study was to determine whether pyridoxine supplementation improves indices of LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with native LDL (nLDL) from healthy subjects, oxidized LDL (oxLDL, formed by nLDL oxidation) or nLDL from type II diabetic patients (dLDL), in the absence or presence of pyridoxine; nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, cyclic GMP and expression of NOS isoforms were measured, as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in HUVEC supernatants and amino acid concentrations in HUVEC lysates. All LDL species inhibited total NOS activity, whilst increasing the much smaller Ca 2+-independent component of NOS activity, the effects of oxLDL being greatest and those of nLDL smallest; in accordance with these findings, NOS type 3 expression decreased and NOS type 2 expression increased, with a resultant decrease in bioactive nitric oxide (NO), in HUVEC treated with each LDL species, with the same rank order of potency. LDL species also increased TBARS in HUVEC supernatants as well as homocysteine concentrations in HUVEC lysates, nLDL < dLDL < oxLDL. Pyridoxine largely prevented all LDL-induced changes in NOS activity and isoform expression, as well as in TBARS and homocysteine. The findings suggest that pyridoxine prevents LDL-induced dysfunction of endothelial cell NO generation, most likely through its antioxidant effects as well as through its effects on cellular homocysteine metabolism. This has important potential therapeutic implications for cardiovascular disease prevention.

PLP Induced Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase Activity in T Lymphocytes

The present study was undertaken in order to examine whether pyridoxine may be used as an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, and thus, as an antiproliferative agent. It has already been shown by others that pyridoxal phosphate binds thymidylate synthase in vitro. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of pyridoxine in various concentrations. Enzyme activity was measured in supernatants of sonicated cell extracts. Our results show that pyridoxine effectively inhibits thymidylate synthase (up to 60–70%) and therefore DNA synthesis (up to 42%) and cell division. We also present evidence that pyridoxine must be phosphorylated to PLP in order to exert its inhibitory effect. Our results suggest that pyridoxal phosphate, in addition to its function as a coenzyme, may have a role in regulating DNA synthesis through modulation of thymidylate synthase activity. Our findings also indicate that pyridoxal phosphate might be tested for its potential immunosuppressive and/or chemotherapeutic action, alone or in combination with other antiproliferative agents.

Vitamin B6 down-regulates the expression of human GPIIb gene.

Glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) is the alpha-subunit of the platelet membrane receptor GPIIb/IIIa, which plays a major role in platelet aggregation. Vitamin B6 has been reported to be an antiaggregative agent, although its mechanism is not well known. To understand the molecular mechanism of vitamin B6 on antiaggregation, we analyzed the effects of various forms of vitamin B6 on the expression of human GPIIb promoter using chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) as the reporter gene. The GPIIb promoter region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned into pBLCAT3 to drive the CAT reporter gene and transfected into human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. Transient expression of the GPIIb promoter was determined after transfected cells were treated with 1 microM pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), or 4-deoxypyridoxine (4-dex) for 48 h. Our results show that the GPIIb promoter activity was down-regulated to 54, 35 and 63% in the presence of PN, PL and PLP, respectively, as compared to an untreated control whose promoter activity was 100%. However, no adverse effect on GPIIb promoter was detected by 4-dex, which is an antagonist of vitamin B6. The down-regulation effect of vitamin B6 on GPIIb promoter activity may lead to a reduction of GPIIb protein expression and thus be detrimental to platelet aggregation.

Formation of β-glucosylpyridoxines in soybean and rice callus

5′-O-(β-Glucosyl)pyridoxine accumulated in soybean calluses and cultured cells grown on a sucrose medium in the presence of pyridoxine. In rice calluses, 5′-O-(β-glucosyl)pyridoxine as the main metabolite was accompanied by small amounts of 4′-O-(β-glucosyl)pyridoxine.

β-Glucosylpyridoxines in germinating seeds cultured in the presence of pyridoxine

5′-O-(β-Glucosyl)pyridoxine and 4′-O-(β-glucosyl)pyridoxine were formed in germinating seeds of wheat, barley and rice cultured on a pyridoxine solution; the ratio was 1:1 in the case of wheat and barley. On similar germination of soybean seeds, only 5′-O-(β-glucosyl)pyridoxine was formed. Plant seedlings also conjugated exogenously supplied pyridoxine in the same way.

Mechanical responses of the coronary arteries isolated to the noradrenaline in the presence of pyridoxine and/or pyrogallol

Mechanical responses of the coronary arteries isolated to the noradrenaline in the presence of pyridoxine and/or pyrogallol

The effect of vitamin B 6 on alanine transport in turtle intestine

1. 1. Pyridoxine and pyridoxal caused a decreased mucosal-to-serosal and increased serosal-to-mucosal alanine flux across the isolated intestine of the fresh-water turtle. 2. 2. The intestinal cell alanine accumulation is reduced by pyridoxine, and cell Na and K concentrations in the presence of pyridoxine were not different from those of controls. 3. 3. Alanine influx from the mucosal solution into the cell across the brushborder membrane was not influenced by vitamin B 6. 4. 4. The findings suggest that pyridoxine and pyridoxal act mainly on the efflux processes of alanine across the cell barriers. The efflux across the mucosal barrier is increased and the efflux across the serosal barrier is decreased.

Adsorption of solute from the solutions. II. Competitive adsorption of cyanocobalamin with pyridoxine and thiamine on talc.

In the production of tablets containing cyanocobalamin, it has been advised to use magnesium stearate as a lubricant because talc adsorbs cyanocobalamin and consequently interferes with intestinal absorption and assay of the vitamin. But magnesium stearate can not always replace talc because of the difference of the lubrication mechanisms. Cyanocobalamin is usually formulated together with other vitamins, especially pyridoxine and thiamine, in the tablets. In this work the adsorption of cyanocobalamin on talc in the presence of pyridoxine and thiamine was studied to obtain some information about employment of talc as a lubricant of such tablets, and the competitive adsorption was treated some what theoretically.

Effect of 4-methyl-2-thiouracil on growth of leuconostoc mesenteroides

The effect of the goitrogen 4-methyl-2-thiouracil in concentrations of 50—2,000 μg./10 ml. medium on growth ofL. mesenteroides was studied. This substance has an inhibitory effect on growth ofL. mesenteroides only in media containing pyridoxine. Its effect is related to the concentration and to the presence of pyridoxine. A high pyridoxine concentration (5.0 μg. /10 ml. medium) markedly reduces the effect of even 2,000 μg. 4-methyl-2-thiouracil/10 ml. medium. Inhibition of growth ofL. mesenteroides by 4-methyl-2-thiouracil is abolished competitively by thymine, and non-competitively by thymidine and folie acid up to concentrations of 1,000 μg. 4-methyl-2-thiouracil/10 ml. medium.

Nutrition of a Hemoflagellate (Leishmania tarentolae) Having an Interchangeable Requirement for Choline or Pyridoxal.

SUMMARY. Leptomonads of Leishmania tarentolae were grown continuously in a defined medium containing: inorganic salts', glucose, hemin, 17 amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, and a mixture of vitamins of the B group. In this medium the population of organisms reached about 20 to 50 million per ml. alter 1 week at 27°C. Only slightly better growth occurred in a partially defined medium containing bovine plasma fraction V. In earlier experiments, however, omission of the plasma fraction resulted in decreased growth, and under these circumstances cholesterol or lecithin had growth‐stimulating effects. In later experiments in the fully‐defined medium no effect of these lipids could be found. The leptomonads were shown to require at least the following substances: inorganic salts; a source of purines and pyrimidines; tryptophan and the nine other amino acids essential for the growth of rats, glutamic acid, tyrosine, proline, serine, one or more of the group alanine, glycine and aspartic acid; folic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, riboflavm, thiamine, and either pyridoxine plus choline or pyridoxal or pyridoxamine. Choline at 2 × 10−5 m gave optimal growth in the presence of pyridoxine at 1 × 10−5 m. In a medium with a suboptimal concentration of choline (0.4 × 10−5 m) the leptomonads grew through nine transfers but they were mostly somewhat rounded and aflagellate.

Effects of Vitamins on Germination and Growth of Orchids

1. Seeds of the orchid Cattleya trianae var. mooreana x C. schroederae germinated and produced normal growth in an artificial nutrient medium in which one lot of maltose was used as a source of carbohydrate, but no germination of seeds or growth of seedlings was obtained when a more purified maltose was used. 2. The inability of the orchid seeds to germinate and to develop on the purified maltose was not overcome by the addition of thiamin hydrochloride (vitamin B1), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), or calcium pantothenate (chick antidermatitis factor). 3. A few seeds germinated and slow development of the seedlings occurred when riboflavin (vitamin B2) was present in the medium. 4. The presence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) permitted good germination, but subsequent development was poor. 5. Good germination and excellent development of the seedlings occurred when nicotinic acid (P-P factor) was supplied in the nutrient medium.