Presence Of Primary User Emulation Attack Research Articles

Energy-efficient adaptive sensing for Cognitive Radio Sensor Network in the presence of Primary User Emulation Attack

A Cognitive Radio Sensor Network (CRSN) is a promising technology incorporating cognitive radio in traditional wireless sensor networks. In general, Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) is becoming the major bottleneck for implementing CRSN in reality. In CRSN-PUEA, malicious users are also equipped with a Spectrum Sensing capability, the so-called smart PEUA, which further complicates the spectrum access of Cognitive Users (CU). In this paper, we propose a novel Energy-Efficient Adaptive Sensing (EEAS) technique for CRSN to overcome the spectrum access problem in the presence of PUEA. The proposed EEAS enhances the sensing accuracy by differentiating the PUEA and Primary User signals that, reduce the sensing error probability and enhance the underlying system model’s throughput and energy efficiency. The numerical results show that the proposed EEAS technique has improved the throughput and energy efficiency by about 12% and 44%, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art works in the field of PUEA-CRSN. In addition, it is observed that the sensing error probability is reduced by 22%. Furthermore, a Software Defined Radio (SDR) based hardware system setup has been developed to verify the functionality of the proposed system model.

Optimal power control and spectrum sensing for throughput maximisation in cognitive radio systems under PUEA

The authors propose an optimal joint power control and multi-band spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio (CR) systems to increase the spectral efficiency and to overcome the spectrum-sensing errors, in the presence of primary user emulation attacker (PUEA). This optimisation problem is solved to maximise the opportunistic CR data rate under interference and power budget constraints. To solve the formulated optimisation problem, they convert it to a convex problem, and then derive an optimal strategy for joint power control and spectrum access in the considered CR system. They show that the optimal strategy follows a quasi-underlay signaling, which is equipped with spectrum sensing. They evaluate the performance of the optimised scheme for the CR system in the presence of PUEA, and compare it with the conventional underlay scheme. For more comparison, they compare the proposed approach to that of a similar system, which does not consider the PUEA in the formulation of the joint spectrum sensing and power allocation. They show that the proposed optimal joint power control and spectrum sensing can significantly improve the system performance in terms of average achievable CR data rates compared with the considered conventional methods.

Joint cooperative spectrum sensing and primary user emulation attack detection in cognitive radio networks using fuzzy conditional entropy maximization

AbstractCooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio system shows improved performance on spectrum sensing but, at the same time, faces a common threat called primary user emulation attack (PUEA) that impersonates the primary user (PU). This work explores joint PU and PUEA detection on CSS as a multiclass hypothesis using fuzzy conditional entropy maximization. To meet the goal, a multithreshold approach is suggested using a constrained differential evolution algorithm search to determine an optimal set of fuzzy function parameters, which maximizes the conditional entropy on the energy values. The proposed work also investigates the performance of CSS in presence of a group of malicious users (as PUEA), which generates signals and directly sends the same to the fusion center. Numerical results through simulation illustrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme in terms of both reliable PU detection in presence or absence of PUEA/malicious user and separate detection of falsifying PU and energy consumption in CSS. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme offers ∼17.54% and ∼39.39% higher detection probability of PU over the existing works in presence of PUEA.

Throughput performance under primary user emulation attack in cognitive radio networks

SummarySpectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks imposes some security threats to the secondary users (SUs) such as primary user emulation attack (PUEA). In the present paper, throughput of an SU is studied for cognitive radio network under PUEA where SU spectrum access is hybrid, ie, either in overlay mode or in underlay mode. A novel analytical expression for throughput of an SU in presence of PUEA is developed. Impact of several parameters such as sensing time, attacker strength, attacker's presence probabilities, maximum allowable SU transmit power, and tolerable interference limit at primary user on the throughput of an SU is investigated. The throughput performance under PUEA and without PUEA is compared.

Adaptive resource allocation scheme for cognitive radio vehicular ad‐hoc network in the presence of primary user emulation attack

Following the characteristics of the cognitive radio (CR) and the exponential increase of the vehicles, it is envisioned to deploy CR in vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) in near future. Due to the mobility of the vehicles, it is quite challenging to find the vacant band and to reuse it for data transmission purpose without affecting the primary network. Further, the presence of primary user emulation attack (PUEA) in the VANET makes this task more complicated. Hence, an accurate detection technique and proper power allocation to the vehicular secondary users (VSUs) are the two major factors which need to be addressed for reliable data transmission. Hence this study attempts to evaluate the performance metrics of the CR-VANET considering the spatial correlation among the local decisions of the VSUs in the presence of PUEA. The energy efficiency maximisation with adaptive power allocation to the VSUs is achieved by the authors’ proposed scheme based on genetic algorithm under the constraints of interference power to the primary receiver, minimum achievable data rate and maximum transmission power limit. The system performance is investigated in detail through the simulation-based study and analysis.

A Robust Cooperative Spectrum Sensing-Assisted Multiuser Resource Allocation Scheme

Cognitive radio (CR), which is proposed as a solution for spectrum scarcity, imposes some threats to the network. One severe attack to cognitive radio network is the primary user emulation attack (PUEA), in which an attacker may transmit its signal with high power or mimic specific features of the primary user’s signal to prevent secondary users from accessing the licensed spectrum. In this paper, we study a subcarrier and power allocation problem for orthogonal frequency division multiple access-(OFDMA-) based CR systems in the presence of PUEA. To maximize the system throughput while keeping the interference introduced to the primary user (PU) below given thresholds with a certain probability, a joint design of a robust cooperative spectrum sensing and a resource allocation scheme is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the inaccurate classification of PU signals and PUEA signals provided by robust cooperative spectrum sensing is utilized by resource scheduling module. To further exploit the underutilized spectrum bands, we also evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in the hybrid overlay/underlay spectrum access mechanism. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to conventional scheme regardless of the number of SUs or the kind of spectrum access mechanism being used.

Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks in the Presence of the Primary User Emulation Attack

In recent years, the security issues of the cognitive radio (CR) networks have drawn a lot of research attentions. Primary user emulation attack (PUEA), as one of common attacks, compromises the spectrum sensing, where a malicious user forestalls vacant channels by impersonating the primary user to prevent other secondary users from accessing the idle frequency bands. In this paper, we propose a new cooperative spectrum sensing scheme, considering the existence of PUEA in CR networks. In the proposed scheme, the sensing information of different secondary users is combined at a fusion center and the combining weights are optimized with the objective of maximizing the detection probability of available channels under the constraint of a required false alarm probability. We also investigate the impact of the channel estimation errors on the detection probability. Simulation and numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in cooperative spectrum sensing in the presence of PUEA.