Presence Of Magnesium Sulfate Research Articles

Transport and retention of silica nanoparticles in glass-bead columns: effects of particle size, type, and concentration of ionic species

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have garnered substantial attention as versatile additives in saline fluids, finding application in areas like environmental remediation, wastewater treatment, enhanced oil recovery, and carbon geo-sequestration. Despite their potential, the intricate interaction between electrolyzed nanoparticles and porous media remains inadequately researched in these contexts. This study delves into the pivotal yet underexplored aspect of silica nanoparticle absorption behavior within porous media, a key determinant of their practical effectiveness. The research focuses on silica particles with dimensions of 10 nm and 50 nm, synthesized via hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in methanol. Employing packed glass bead columns as a surrogate for porous media, the study unravels the complex mechanisms governing nanoparticle transport and deposition. Comprehensive investigations encompass variations in particle sizes, ionic strength, and ionic species, resulting in the examination of 48 distinct flooding scenarios. UV/Vis spectrophotometry is used to quantify nanoparticle concentrations in effluents, elucidating their transport behavior within the porous media. Concurrently, pressure drop alterations across the media serve as indicators of particle plugging and changes in permeability. Intriguingly, specific conditions involving a nanofluid comprising 50 nm silica nanoparticles and 10,000 ppm of magnesium chloride exhibit pronounced permeability reduction, offering potential insights for optimizing applications. Particularly noteworthy is the unique reduction in silica particle retention on glass bead surfaces as salinity increases, especially in the presence of magnesium sulfate. A concentration of 5000 ppm magnesium sulfate induces a log-jamming mechanism, resulting in an amplified final-to-intermediate permeability ratio. Experimental outcomes align with observations from scanning electron microscopy, improving understanding of porous media retention mechanisms. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of interactions between nanoparticles and porous media, paving the way for enhanced application strategies.

Synergic effect of polyester fiber and nano silica on chemical resistance of geopolymer mortar.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the synergistic effect of polyester fiber-reinforced and nanoslica on the technical performance and durability of geopolymer mortar in terms of the chemical resistance. The study examined how the addition of polyester fiber and nanosilica affects the short-term severe durability of geopolymer mortar specimens made with fly ash (type F). The specimens were cured under ambient conditions. Different percentages (0.6%, 1.2%, and 1.8%) of polyester fiber were used, both with and without nanosilica. Additionally, a reference mixture containing only nanosilica was prepared.All mixtures had a liquid to binder ratio of 0.50, and the ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 solution was kept at 2.5:1 by weight. The produced mixes, after 28 days of ambient curing, were immersed for another 28 days in solutions containing 3.5%, 5%, and 5% of sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate and sulfuric acid, respectively. For comparison, control specimens which were not exposed to chemical attacks were tested at the same age of 56 days. Moreover, water absorption and sorptivity tests were conducted to explain the durability performance in a more detailed way. The test results express that the combination of both materials showed a synergistic effect and resulted in greater improvements in compressive and flexural strengths. Both materials can reduce the reduction in compressive strength caused by sulfuric acid exposure, but polyester fiber can increase mass loss. The presence of magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride can lead to a reduction in strength, but the addition of both polyester fiber and nanosilica can mitigate these effects. The addition of fibers creates a network of pores that can limit water absorption, and nanosilica can further enhance the microstructure and reduce water absorption. However, using polyester fiber beyond 1.2 percent can adversely affect the rate of water absorption.

Effect of Magnesium Sulphate and Clonidine on Propofol Consumption, Hemodynamics and Postoperative Recovery Using Bispectral Index (BIS) In Elective Surgeries"

The purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to see how magnesium sulphate and clonidine affected perioperative hemodynamics, propofol consumption, and postoperative recovery. Ninety ASA I–II patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were randomized into three groups. Group M Patients received Inj. magnesium sulphate (40mg/kg) in 20 ml saline infused over a period of 15 minutes before induction. Group C received Patients received Inj. Clonidine (3mcg/kg) before induction. The Group S (Control group) received 20ml normal saline over 15mind before induction. Propofol was used for induction of anaesthesia and for maintenance propofol infusion was used which was adjusted as per bispectral index along with intermittent fentanyl bolus and vecuronium as muscle relaxant According to type of data, different tests of statistical significance like Chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used. In the presence of magnesium sulphate and clonidine, propofol induction was rapid. The time it took for BIS to reach 60 was significantly shorter in groups M and C (P0.0001), and compared to clonidine and control group post-operative recovery was more delayed in magnesium sulphate group (P0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in heart rate or arterial blood pressure. Preoperative use of magnesium sulphate and clonidine resulted in significant reduction in propofol requirements for induction as well as for maintenance (P0.0001).To conclude use of magnesium sulphate caused delayed recovery and hypotension and bradycardia was observed with clonidine, but both can be used as adjuvants with caution.

A novel efficient method for eco-friendly deep dyeing of wool yarns by extracted madder dyes in the presence of additives

Zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate were used as additives to provide an effective simultaneous mordanting and dyeing process (meta mordant) for wool yarns with madder dyes extracted by ultrasound. In the dyeing procedure, aluminum sulfate and ferrous sulfate were used as mordants. A response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design was used to optimize the dyeing technique. Results showed that the highest color strength of dyed samples was achieved at 105–110 min at 1:30 ratio of aluminum sulfate to zinc sulfate, 1:10 ratio of aluminum sulfate to magnesium sulfate, and pH of 2.5–3. It was observed that the dyeing of yarns with extracted dye and ferrous sulfate could be carried out without using additives. The color properties of dyed yarns using the novel approach were compared to samples dyed using the conventional method (pre-mordant). The findings revealed that dyed samples using the novel approach had the same or greater color strength as dyed samples using the pre-mordant procedure. L* , a* , and b* of the dyed yarns by extracted dyes and aluminum sulfate in the presence of magnesium sulfate were approximately the same with yarns dyed by the pre-mordant method. Also, the color fastness properties of dyed samples by meta mordant method were acceptable in terms of wash, light, and rub fastnesses. Nearly similar or better color stability was achieved compared to the common method. In this respect, a novel efficient one bath method was introduced for deep dyeing of wool yarns with extracted madder dyes which can decrease the negative environmental impacts such as pollutants, water consumption, and energy in comparison to other conventional methods.

Fabrication and characterization of starch films containing chitosan nanoparticles using in situ precipitation and mechanoactivation techniques

The aim of this work is to introduce a new environmentally friendly process for the production of starch films containing submicron chitosan particles using mechanoactivated in situ precipitation in the presence of magnesium sulfate as a crosslinker. Mechanoactivation in the rotor-stator device ensures the destruction of swollen starch granules and the embedding of simultaneously formed particles in a gel structure, which prevents their aggregation. The influence of the chitosan: sulfate molar ratio (1.0 and 0.7) on the rheological and film-forming properties of dispersions was evaluated. The composite films were characterized using optical and AFM microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The tensile properties and moisture resistance of the films were also studied. An increase in the particle concentration to 10% had almost no effect on the strength of the films, but caused a 4 time increase, on average, in the elongation. The composite films were smooth, uniformly translucent, and had lower moisture absorption and water vapor permeability than the films made from starch alone.

Phase equilibria in the ternary systems (MgSO4+MgB4O7+H2O) and (MgSO4+Mg2B6O11+H2O) at 273.15 K and 288.15 K: solubility and polyborate distribution

The solubility isotherms of the two ternary systems (MgSO4 + MgB4O7 + H2O(and (MgSO4+ Mg2B6O11+H2O) were determined using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method at 273.15 K and 288.15 K. Solubilities and acidities of the liquid phase were determined in detail experimentally. According to the experimental data, the phase diagrams for two ternary systems were given. The results indicate that the two ternary systems are the simple saturated type, and double salt or solid solution are not formed. There are one invariant point corresponding to (epsomite + hungchaoite or inderite), two isothermal dissolution curves, and two crystallization regions in two ternary systems. It was found that the crystallization region areas of magnesium borate were larger than that of epsomite, indicating that the solubility of epsomite was larger in the two systems. The presence of magnesium sulfate can prevent the transformation of hungchaoite into inderite, and magnesium sulfate has a significant solubilizing effect on both magnesium borate at the experimental temperature. The distributions of polyborate species in saturated magnesium borate solution varying with mass fraction of magnesium sulfate were calculated by the Newton iteration method.

Weathering Processes and Mechanisms Caused by Capillary Waters and Pigeon Droppings on Porous Limestones

This investigation studies the physical and chemical effect of salt weathering on biocalcarenites and biocalcrudites in the Basilica of Our Lady of Succour (Aspe, Spain). Weathering patterns are the result of salty rising capillary water and water lixiviated from pigeon droppings. Surface modifications and features induced by material loss are observable in the monument. Formation of gypsum, hexahydrite, halite, aphthitalite and arcanite is associated with rising capillary water, and niter, hydroxyapatite, brushite, struvite, weddellite, oxammite and halite with pigeon droppings. Humberstonite is related to the interaction of both types of waters. Analysis of crystal shapes reveals different saturation degree conditions. Single salts show non-equilibrium shapes, implying higher crystallisation pressures. Single salts have undergone dissolution and/or dehydration processes enhancing the deterioration process, particularly in the presence of magnesium sulphate. Double salts (humberstonite) have crystals corresponding to near-equilibrium form, implying lower crystallisation pressures. This geochemical study suggests salts precipitate via incongruent reactions rather than congruent precipitation, where hexahydrite is the precursor and limiting reactant of humberstonite. Chemical dissolution of limestone is driven mainly by the presence of acidic water lixiviated from pigeon droppings and is a critical weathering process affecting the most valuable architectural elements present in the façades.

Application of Natural Dyes on Protein Fibres Following Pad–Steam Methods

An aqueous extract of different vegetable colourants, viz. Punica granatum, Camellia sinensis and Rheum emodi, can be used for dyeing of wool and silk fabrics following a pad–steam process in the absence and presence of magnesium sulphate, aluminium sulphate and ferrous sulphate. Among different mordanting methods, a simultaneous application of salt produces most balanced improvements in terms of dye receptivity and colour fastness properties assessed in terms of washing and light of the dyed substrates. Among the mordanting agents used, aluminium sulphate and ferrous sulphate are found to be superior as compared to magnesium sulphate.

A Rapid Method for the Quantitative Determination of 34 Pesticides in Nonalcoholic Carbonated Beverages Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled to Dispersive Solid-Phase Cleanup Followed by Gas Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

An economical, rapid, and sensitive multiresidue method using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with dispersive SPE (dSPE) cleanup was developed for the quantitative determination of 34 multiclass multiresidue (MCMR) pesticides (14 organochlorines, eight organophosphates, 10 synthetic pyrethroids, and two herbicides) in nonalcoholic carbonated beverages (cola, orange, lemon-lime, and citra) using GC with tandem MS. The procedure mainly involved LLE by dichloromethane and dSPE cleanup in the presence of magnesium sulfate, primary secondary amine, and C18. The RSD of the developed method was found to be less than 14%. The LOD and LOQ values for all the analyzed pesticides were found in the ranges of 0.001-0.027 μg/L and 0.004-0.088 μg/L, respectively. The LOQ levels of the pesticides analyzed were found to be well below the recommended limit by the European Union (0.1 μg/L in water). The mean recoveries of pesticides in different nonalcoholic carbonated beverages (cola, orange, lemon-lime, and citra) were found to be in the range of 79-111%, with RSDs less than 11%. The validation data prove that the method can be acceptable to regulatory agencies for the routine analysis of MCMR pesticides in nonalcoholic carbonated beverages.

Novel PDC catalyzed oxidative rearrangement of tertiary allylic alcohols to β-substituted enones

Novel pyridinium dichromate (PDC) catalyzed oxidative rearrangement for the conversion of tertiary allylic alcohols to ß-substituted enones is described. Using a catalytic amount of PDC with PhI(OAc)2 as a co-oxidant in the presence of magnesium sulfate and water under oxygen was found effective for this rearrangement.

Synthesis and characterization of carboranyl Schiff base compounds from 1-amino-o-carborane

The improved synthesis of 1-amino-o-carborane (4) and its reactivity towards aldehydes are reported. The reaction of dilithio-o-carborane with two equivalents of benzyl azide, after treatment with acid, yields compound 4 in 72% isolated yield, whereas the diamino analog was not obtained. In the presence of magnesium sulfate and p-toluenesulfonic acid, the condensation reactions of 4 with various aldehydes produce the corresponding carboranyl Schiff base compounds in good yields. The new carborane products have been characterized by means of IR and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The structures of three of these Schiff base compounds have been established by X-ray crystallographic method.

The effects of magnesium, acetylsalicylic acid, and emoxypine on platelet aggregation

This paper summarizes the results of investigation of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in the absence and presence of magnesium sulfate, acetylsalicylic acid, and emoxypine. Magnesium sulfate, as well as acetylsalicylic acid and emoxypine, were shown to reduce the degree of platelet aggregation when used individually, while the combined action of these three substances did not have a similar effect. The data obtained can be used for selection of ischemic stroke treatment strategies.

Study of critical micelle concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in pure water in presence and absence of magnesium sulphate and sodium sulphae by measuring conductivity meter

The precise measurement of specific conductivity of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in distilled water at room temperature was reported and also the specific conductivity of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was measured in the presence of magnesium sulphate and sodium sulphate using a conductivity meter. The critical micelle concentration of three systems was calculated. The comparison of cmc among them was also performed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10390 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 123-127

Optimization of culture media for large‐scale lutein production by heterotrophic Chlorella vulgaris

Lutein is a carotenoid with a purported role in protecting eyes from oxidative stress, particularly the high-energy photons of blue light. Statistical optimization was performed to growth media that supports a higher production of lutein by heterotrophically cultivated Chlorella vulgaris. The effect of media composition of C. vulgaris on lutein was examined using fractional factorial design (FFD) and central composite design (CCD). The results indicated that the presence of magnesium sulfate, EDTA-2Na, and trace metal solution significantly affected lutein production. The optimum concentrations for lutein production were found to be 0.34 g/L, 0.06 g/L, and 0.4 mL/L for MgSO4 ·7H2 O, EDTA-2Na, and trace metal solution, respectively. These values were validated using a 5-L jar fermenter. Lutein concentration was increased by almost 80% (139.64 ± 12.88 mg/L to 252.75 ± 12.92 mg/L) after 4 days. Moreover, the lutein concentration was not reduced as the cultivation was scaled up to 25,000 L (260.55 ± 3.23 mg/L) and 240,000 L (263.13 ± 2.72 mg/L). These observations suggest C. vulgaris as a potential lutein source.

Terbium-sensitised luminescence screening method for fluoroquinolones in beef serum

Enrofloxacin and danofloxacin are the only fluoroquinolone antibiotics approved for use in cattle in the United States. Microbial screening methods commonly used for monitoring veterinary drug residues are not sensitive or selective for fluoroquinolones. In this work, a luminescence-based screening assay was developed to detect fluoroquinolones in beef serum. This approach takes advantage of the DNA-enhanced luminescence signal of a fluoroquinolone–Tb+3 complex. In this method, serum samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile in the presence of magnesium sulfate. After centrifugation, evaporation of the supernatant was followed by dissolution of the residue in buffer and filtration. Addition of Tb+3 and DNA then allowed a reading of the luminescence signal. The technique was illustrated using enrofloxacin, and provided good recoveries (73–88%) at 25, 50 and 100 ng ml−1, with reasonable RSDs averaging at 11%. The LOD was 2.5 ng ml−1 based on the variability of response of control serum samples from 18 different steers. The method provided no false-positive or false-negative results while screening blind samples for enrofloxacin and was demonstrated to be quantitative over a range of 0–100 ng ml−1.

In-vitro interactions of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride with different essential mineral salts and its influence on antimicrobial activity (MIC) of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride

Present work describes the interactions of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride with different essential mineral salt like Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride in an aqueous system at pH 7.4. This Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride are essential trace element. From spectrophotometric study, it has been found that Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride forms 1:1 complex with Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride. Spectral studies helps to detect the initial complexation between drug and mineral salts. Job’s plot at 7.4 provides same type of information. An individual antimicrobial study (MIC) of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride in 1:1 mixture with Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride at pH 7.4 was performed. These studies were carried out by observing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the complexes and compared with the parent Cephradine against both Gram negative and Gram positive microorganisms in nutrient broth medium. Study confirms interactions of the Cephradine with Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride and the interactions results into change the antimicrobial activity of Cephradine. Result shows that the antimicrobial activity increasing trends in presence of Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate and decreasing trends in presence of Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v1i3.12977 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.1(3) 2012

In-vitro interaction study of Cephradine with different essential mineral salts and its influence on antimicrobial activity (MIC) of Cephradine

Present paper describes the interactions of Cephradine with different essential mineral salt like Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride in an aqueous system at pH 7.4. This Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride are essential trace element. From spectrophotometric study, it has been found that Cephradine forms 1:1 complex with Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride. Spectral studies helps to detect the initial complexation between drug and mineral salts. Job’s plot at 7.4 provides same type of information. The Ardon’s spectrophotometric method confirmed the 1:1 complexation and the value of stability constants was calculated using Ardon’s plot. An individual antimicrobial study (MIC) of Cephradine in 1:1 mixture with Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride at pH 7.4 was performed. These studies were carried out by observing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the complexes and compared with the parent Cephradine against both Gram negative and Gram positive microorganisms in nutrient broth medium. Study confirms interactions of the Cephradine with Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride and the interactions results into change the antimicrobial activity of Cephradine. Result shows that the antimicrobial activity increasing trends in presence of Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate and decreasing trends in presence of Zinc Sulfate and Potassium Chloride. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v1i2.12953 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.1(2) 2012

Acidosis, magnesium and acetylsalicylic acid: Effects on thrombin

Thrombin, an enzyme from the hydrolase family, is the main component of the blood coagulation system. In ischemic stroke it acts as a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin forming blood clots in the brain. It has been found to phosphoresce at room temperature in the millisecond and microsecond ranges. The phosphorescence of thrombin was studied under physiological conditions, in acidosis (decrease of pH from 8.0 to 5.0) and on the addition of salts (magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride) and of acetylsalicylic acid, and its connection with thrombin function is discussed. Acidosis significantly increased the internal dynamics of thrombin. We propose that lactate–acidosis plays a protective role in stroke, preventing the formation of clots. The addition of NaCl and MgSO4 in different concentrations increased the internal dynamics of thrombin. Also, the addition of MgSO4 decreased thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. However, magnesium sulfate and acetylsalicylic acid in the therapeutic concentrations used for treatment of ischemic stroke had no effect on thrombin internal dynamics. The data obtained will help to elucidate the conformational stability of thrombin under conditions modulating lactate–acidosis and in the presence of magnesium sulfate.

Indium(III) triflate-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbomethoxycyclobutanone with nitrones

2-Carbomethoxycyclobutanone reacted with N-phenyl-C-arylnitrones to afford methyl 5-oxo-2-[aryl(phenylamino)methyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylates by the catalysis of indium(III) triflate in the presence of magnesium sulfate.

Performance evaluation of blended cement concretes under MgSO4 attack

The increased use of blended cements in marine concrete structures necessitates the evaluation of their performance in the presence of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). In the present study, the behaviour of concrete containing three cements such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) and Portland slag cement (PSC) is studied by exposing the concrete specimens in 10% magnesium sulfate solution under laboratory condition and in the tidal zone of seawater. The studies reveal that under both conditions the order of resistance to sulfate attack of three cements is OPC > PPC > PSC. Because of the presence of a greater amount of calcium-aluminate-rich glasses, the concretes containing PSC are more susceptible to sulfate attack. Both in OPC and blended cements, the magnesium sulfate attack is greater in low water to cement (w/c) ratio concretes than in high w/c ratio concretes. Unlike sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) attack, magnesium sulfate attack is more active in blended cements and reduces the time to failure (Tf) of concrete by 1·2 times in 20 and 30 MPa concretes and by 4 times in 40 MPa concrete. Compared to PSC, the Tf of PPC is longer and the behaviour is similar to OPC. Differential thermal analysis shows that the major expansive product is gypsum and the method of attack is mostly by softening rather than by swelling and expansion. The combined action of chemical attack by sulfates and mechanical attack by waves is the major influencing parameter when concrete specimens are exposed to the seawater.