Presence Of Additional Structures Research Articles

Anatomo-functional characteristics of the pelvic organs in women with habitual miscarriage and chronic endometritis

Chronic endometritis is a clinical and morphological syndrome, which under the influence of an infectious agent contributes to the violation of cyclic biotransformation and reciprocity of the endometrium. In the diagnosis of gynecological pathology, in particular chronic endometritis, or habitual miscarriage on the background of chronic endometritis, ultrasonography is a mandatory, non-invasive and highly specific method of research. The aim of the study was to assess the anatomical and functional condition of the pelvic organs in women with habitual miscarriage and chronic endometritis using ultrasound (ultrasound and Doppler) criteria. We examined 98 women of childbearing age who applied to the Inomed clinic in the city of Vinnytsia during 2019-2020. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group – 68 women with habitual miscarriage and chronic endometritis; control group – 30 re-pregnant women without previous pregnancy loss. Initially, ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the pelvic organs was performed on day 5-7 of the menstrual cycle, and to monitor folliculogenesis, the study was repeated on day 13-17 of the cycle. One of the main signs of chronic endometritis is the heterogeneity of the structure of the endometrium, which was found in the vast majority of examined patients of the main group (80.88% at n=68). When determining the thickness of the endometrium, two diametrically opposite processes were established, namely: atrophy (39.71% at n=68) and atypical glandular hyperplasia (22.05% at n=68). In the second half of the menstrual cycle there was a significant thinning of the endometrial layer <0.6 cm. In the control group during the ultrasound examination revealed the following disorders: increased uterine peristalsis, dilation of the arcuate plexus, the heterogeneity of the subendometrial layer, and when re-ultrasound took into account the data of folliculogenesis. Follicular cysts were detected in 10.3% of cases in the main group and 3.3% in the control group of women. At the time of re-ultrasound in each ovary was observed 5-8 antral follicles (the size of which ranged from 6.8 mm to 11.5 mm) with the presence of one dominant, the size of which ranged from 18.2 to 23.4 mm. In order to increase the informativeness of ultrasound, Doppler was additionally performed. Thus, ultrasonography is a highly specific method for determining the anatomical and functional characteristics of the pelvic organs, in particular the pathology of the endometrium in women with habitual miscarriage. The main ultrasound characteristics of chronic endometritis, as one of the causes of reproductive losses, are changes in endometrium structure, thickness, the presence of additional structures (polyps) and fluid component. Informativeness of ultrasound examination of structural changes in the endometrium in chronic endometritis is complemented by Doppler characteristics of blood flow in the basal and spiral arteries of the uterus.

Echocardiography in adults.

Transthoracic echocardiography is the primary non-invasive modality for anatomical and functional cardiac assessment. All one-, two-dimensional and Doppler modes use the same phenomenon, i.e. the piezoelectric effect, to visualize mobile cardiac structures and blood flow in cardiac cavities. Novel techniques for myocardial imaging, such as tissue Doppler and acoustic marker tracing, allow for the assessment of regional myocardial contractility of the left and the right ventricle. Cardiac assessment is performed in standard views characterized by an optimal acoustic window. The goal of each cardiac echo is to assess cardiac function and morphology using all available imaging modes. The evaluation of acquired valvular heart diseases should include morphological and functional changes indicative of the type (stenosis, regurgitation, complex defect) and the mechanism (Carpentier’s classification of mitral regurgitation) of the defect, as well as its stage (mild, moderate, severe). The assessment of left and right ventricular function should involve the measurement of global and regional parameters. An echocardiographic report should also include information on septal continuity and the presence of additional structures or intracardiac masses.

Weak lensing constraints on splashback around massive clusters

The splashback radius $r_\text{sp}$ separates the physical regimes of collapsed and infalling material around massive dark matter haloes. In cosmological simulations, this location is associated with a steepening of the spherically averaged density profile $\rho(r)$. In this work, we measure the splashback feature in the stacked weak gravitational lensing signal of $27$ massive clusters from the Cluster Canadian Comparison Project with careful control of residual systematics effects. We find that the shear introduced by the presence of additional structure along the line of sight significantly affects the noise at large clustercentric distances. Although we do not detect a significant steepening, the use of a simple parametric model enables us to measure both $r_\text{sp}=3.5^{+1.1}_{-0.7}$ comoving Mpc and the value of the logarithmic slope $\gamma = \log \rho / \log r$ at this point, $\gamma(r_\text{sp}) = -4.3^{+1.0}_{-1.5}$.

Necromass as seed reservoir in macroforb meadows with varied moisture conditions

<p>Necromass, i.e., dead plant parts, has a great impact on the spatial patterns of populations and communities. Depending on its thickness and the degree of decomposition, it may constitute a space-blocking physical barrier and impede recruitment of individuals due to, e.g., autotoxication. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the necromass layer in formation of the soil seed bank of variously moist meadow communities and its influence on the efficiency of generative reproduction. The authors paid special attention to the possibility of capture and storage of seeds of species occurring in the vegetation cover by necromass. Additionally, selected features of seeds of species present on the necromass were analyzed in order to identify species that can potentially contribute to formation of the necromass seed bank.</p><p>The plant cover comprised 52 species in total. Seedlings of 21 taxa appeared on the necromass and their number ranged from 10 to 13, depending on the patch. The density of the seedlings ranged from 339 to 4923 m<sup>−2</sup>. In all patches, <em>Lythrum salicaria</em> and <em>Lysimachia vulgaris</em> seedlings were most numerous. These two species were characterized by the highest frequency as well. The low values of Jaccard’s index (0.28–0.36) imply a low share of taxa that are common for the necromass and the vegetation cover. This result should be explained by the occurrence of large disproportions in the number of all species identified on the necromass and among the vegetation. The seeds are typically characterized by small sizes and usually have smooth or finely striated and/or ribbed surface texture. The presence of additional structures, e.g., pappus and hairs, in the largest and heaviest seeds (<em>Crepis paludosa</em>, <em>Geum rivale</em>, and <em>Cirsium</em> spp.) may help seeds capture in the necromass.</p>

Detection of the mandibular canal in orthopantomography using a Gabor-filtered anisotropic generalized Hough transform

In this paper, we explore the possibility of applying the anisotropic generalized Hough transform (AGHT) enhanced with a Gabor based time-frequency filtering (GTF) for the determination of the mandibular canal in digital dental panoramic radiographs. The proposed method is based on template matching using the fact that the shape of the mandibular canal is usually the same, followed by a filtering of the accumulator space in the Gabor domain for a precise detection of the position. The proposed procedure consists of a detailed description of the shape of the canal in its canonical form and on preserving Gabor filtering information for sorting the hierarchy of location candidates after applying anisotropically the extraction algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed procedure is robust to recognition under occlusion and under the presence of additional structures e.g. teeth, projection errors.

Arumberia-type structures in the Upper Vendian of the Urals

Problematic arumberia-type structures are widespread in Upper Proterozoic sedimentary rocks deposited in depositional environments subject to periodic desiccation and fluctuating salinity. Here we report two new occurrences of arumberia-type structures in the Krutikha Member of the Upper Vendian Chernyi Kamen Formation on the western slope of the Central Urals (Us’va River) and the Zigan Formation of the Asha Group in the South Urals (new road Sterlitamak-Beloretsk). The results of the study of these structures significantly expand paleontological characteristics of the Upper Vendian non-marine rocks and allow us to re-examine the paleontological importance of the hastily forgotten group of arumberia-type organisms. We distinguished six varieties of arumberia-type structures that for the sake of convenience were given formal Latin names in binominal nomenclature although they are not biological species. Two species—Arumberia banski and A. vindhyanensis—were erected by previous researchers, whereas the A. beckeri, A. ollii, A. usvaensis, and A. multykensis varieties are recognized for the first time. Despite similarity to erosional structures on the bottom of turbidite beds, erosion does not explain the genesis of the entire spectrum of arumberia-type structures including those preserved on ripple marks, with evidence of soft-body deformation, or with ribbon and filamentous fabric replaced by clay minerals. The diversity of arumberia could be only a manifestation of living systems. The species of Arumberia are distinguished by their different biostratinomy, the distance between the main structural units, the preservation of the main structural units, and the presence of additional structures between the main structural units. Most likely, the diversity of arumberia reflects not only taphonomic, but also ontogenetic and phenotypic variation. The level of morphological complexity and biostratinomic features of arumberia apparently exceed the organization of microbial mats and represent a non-actualistic type of microbial communities. The occurrence in extremely shallow-water depositional setting suggests that arumberia had evolved an adaption to periodic desiccation and that arumberia-type organisms, along with microbial mats, had been an important factor of sediment biostabilization in the Late Vendian non-marine environments.

Reliability Assessment of Through-Silicon Vias in Multi-Die Stack Packages

A thermo-mechanical reliability study of through-silicon vias (TSVs) is presented in this paper. TSVs are used to interconnect stacked dies to achieve 3-D packages. As the core of the TSV contains high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) copper surrounded by low-CTE SiO2 and Si materials, the thermo-mechanical reliability of TSVs is a concern. When dies with such TSVs are stacked and packaged, the presence of additional structures and associated materials could introduce different thermo-mechanical concerns compared with free-standing wafers. This paper presents 3-D finite-element models for studying the thermo-mechanical stresses in TSVs in free-standing wafers and in stacked dies, which are packaged. Warpage measurements have been used to validate the finite-element modeling approach. The results from the finite-element models show that the TSV stresses in a packaging configuration are typically lower than the TSV stresses in a free-standing wafer configuration. In addition, it is seen that the microbumps connecting adjacent dies experience high magnitude of inelastic strain, indicating that such locations are of reliability concern.

Isolated Acute Dislocation of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

Lesions of knee's lateral side are less common than medial injuries. The anatomy of the lateral ligaments and the presence of additional structures (eg, fibula head) can cause diagnostic problems. Isolated dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint is unusual; therefore, it may be overlooked in the emergency department. Many cases are missed due to failure of diagnosis. This type of injury is common in athletes whose sports require twisting motions of the flexed knee (eg, wrestling, parachute jumping, judo, gymnastics, skiing, rugby, football, soccer, track, baseball, basketball, racquetball, and roller-skating). Anterolateral dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint is seemingly rare in soccer players, as less than a handful cases have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis can be made by clinical examination, plain knee radiographs, and, sometimes, computed tomography (CT) scanning for further confirmation. Treatment usually consists of closed or open reduction. In complicated cases, however, arthrodesis or resection of the fibular head may be required. This article reports a rare case of acute isolated anterolateral dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint in a soccer player and discusses the joint anatomy, types of dislocations, mechanisms of injury, and treatment options.

Joint geodynamical and seismic modelling of the Eifel plume

SUMMARY Teleseismic P-wave tomography has revealed a columnar low-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle below the volcanic Eifel region in western Germany extending to at least 400 km depth. Here we explore whether a geodynamically consistent model of a mantle plume can explain the observed traveltime residuals. We use a 3-D mantle convection code with temperature and pressure-dependent viscosity to generate a suite of model plumes that rise from the transition zone and spread below a stationary or drifting lithospheric plate. We use ray tracing to calculate synthetic travel times and vary the plume location, radius, temperature and the rate and direction of plate motion in order to fit the observed travel times. Our results show a fair correlation between synthetic and observed traveltime residuals. The presence of additional structures in the lithosphere and upper mantle of the Eifel region that are not covered by a simple plume model prevents a perfect fit of the observed seismological data and may bias to some degree the derived plume parameters. The traveltime anomalies are mainly caused by the plume stem with smaller contributions from the plume head. Models with and without an axisymetric plume head below the lithosphere fit the data almost equally well and we conclude that the absence of a plume head in tomographic images does not rule out its existence. In the best-fitting model the plume stem has a radius of 60 km and rises about 50 km to the SW of the quaternary volcanic field below a lithosphere that this slowly moving in the NNE direction. The temperature of the plume and its flux cannot be constrained tightly from our model results, but combining them with other constraints we estimate an excess temperature of ∼200 ◦ C and a buoyancy flux of 500–1000 kg s −1 .

Ecological impact of coastal defence structures on sediment and mobile fauna: Evaluating and forecasting consequences of unavoidable modifications of native habitats

We analyse the effects of coastal defence structures, mainly low crested (LCS), on the surrounding intertidal and subtidal infaunal assemblages and mobile fauna. The results summarise joint studies within the DELOS project in Spain (Mediterranean Sea), Italy (Adriatic Sea) and UK (English Channel and Atlantic Ocean). We demonstrate that univariate analysis did not generally identify LCS impacts, but multivariate analyses did, this being a general trend across all locations and countries. Changes in sediment and infauna seem to be inevitable and usually tend to induce negative changes, particularly on the landward side and in the presence of additional structures or after beach nourishment. The consequences of LCS construction always depend on the response of the assemblages inhabiting a given region. However, to assess the ecological importance of the induced changes and to provide additional monitoring criteria, likely indicator species should be taken into account. The presence of species either coming from the new hard bottoms or associated to physical disturbances is viewed as a negative impact, while the potential nursery role of LCS is a positive one. The combined use of monitoring and forecast models allows to identify these impacts and may play a relevant role in mitigation protocols. Finally, our work supports the feasibility of introducing design criteria tending to facilitate a positive evolution of the assemblages surrounding the structures once the changes due to the presence of the LCS are completed and the new situation tends to become more stable.

Observations on the structure of RNA polymerase and its attachment to DNA

RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli was prepared by the method of Chamberlin & Berg (1962). When viewed in the electron microscope, this preparation was found to contain a variety of structures: hexagons, striped rectangles, rings, tetrads, seven-knobbed rosettes and a large number of particles of asymmetrical appearance. Although hexagons and striped rectangles had been previously identified as polymerase, the presence of additional structures seemed to make that identification uncertain. To determine which of the structures was in fact polymerase, the enzyme was further purified. A large DNA-RNA-polymerase complex was sedimented in a sucrose gradient and was digested with DNase and RNase. Purified polymerase was released and shown to be active. Alternatively, the large complex was broken into smaller parts by sonication, and polymerase could be seen attached to short segments of nucleic acid. In both preparations polymerase appeared to be reasonably homogeneous in size, porous and without obvious planes of symmetry or regularly repeating subunits. The hexagons, striped rectangles and other symmetrical structures are apparently contaminants of impure preparations.

Ultraviolet Absorption of Solid Deuterium

The optical absorption spectrum of solid deuterium in the vacuum ultraviolet shows structure which appears to be due to transitions from the 1s2 ground state to the vibrational levels of the 1s2p excited states of the D2 molecules. Xenon and krypton diluted in solid D2 give rise to absorption lines at energies ∼0.7 eV larger than the resonance lines of the free atoms. The presence of additional structure is interpreted as being due to Wannier states of the impurities.