Prepare Poly Methyl Methacrylate Research Articles

Comparison of using nano-ZnO and nano-Al2O3 to improve the properties of prepared polymethyl methacrylate denture base

Comparison of using nano-ZnO and nano-Al2O3 to improve the properties of prepared polymethyl methacrylate denture base

Microwave assisted fabrication of polymethyl methacrylate-graphene composite nanoparticles applied for the preparation of SBS modified asphalt with enhanced high temperature performance

In order to improve the high temperature rutting resistance ability and stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, microwave heating emulsion polymerization strategy was used to prepare polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) composite (PMMA-GNPs) which was used to prepare PMMA-GNPs/SBS modified asphalt. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis characterizations showed that PMMA-GNPs particles were successfully prepared having a weight ratio of GNPs: PMMA of 1:9. Microwave heating reduced the reaction time from 5 h to 30 min compared to conventional oil bath heating. Dynamic shear rheological test and multi-stress creep recovery test confirmed that 0.06% PMMA-GNPs/SBS modified asphalt (0.06% PMMA-GNPs of the mass of base asphalt) exhibited an increase of 14.2% in elastic modulus (G′), while rutting resistance was enhanced and sensitivity to stress changes was reduced as compared to those of 5% SBS modified asphalt. Fluorescence microscopy analysis and phase separation test revealed that an appropriate amount of PMMA-GNPs can be uniformly dispersed in SBS modified asphalt and enhance the mutual interaction of SBS with base asphalt. Based on the results of mechanical tests and characterizations, a suitable modification mechanism of PMMA-GNPs particles in the original SBS modified asphalt was described in detail. This study proposes a simple, cost effective and fast strategy for the preparation of PMMA-GNPs incorporated SBS modified asphalt and hence can be envisioned of great promise in construction and highway industries.

Copolymerization strategy to prepare polymethyl methacrylate-based copolymer with broad-band ultraviolet shielding and luminescent down-shifting properties

In this contribution, copolymerization strategy was reported to prepare polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based ultraviolet (UV) shielding copolymers where polymerizable UV absorbers were synthesized and further copolymerized with methyl methacrylate. The copolymer was characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, TGA, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The prepared copolymer was found to exhibit high thermal stability compared with its blending counterparts, along with quite a high UV shielding efficiency demonstrated by the fact that full-band UV blocking was achieved when only 2% UV absorbers were added to copolymer. Furthermore, this copolymer also obtained high quantum yield luminescence that emitted bright blue light under UV irradiation. Given its good stability, high UV blocking efficiency, and outstanding luminescence property, the prepared PMMA copolymer is expected to have promising potential in UV shielding and photovoltaic applications.

Polymer/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: relationship between interfacial adhesion and performance of nanocomposites

Understanding the relationship between interfacial adhesion and performance of nanocomposites is crucial for further designing and preparation of polymer/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites. In this work, we designed three auxiliary comonomers (ACMs) to construct different interfacial interaction between CNTs and polymer matrix. Raw CNTs were first oxidized by blended acids, and then three ACMs were introduced to copolymerize with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to prepare polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/CNTs nanocomposites via in situ polymerization. The relationship between interfacial adhesion and performance of nanocomposites was investigated in detail. The results indicated that, the enhanced interfacial adhesion led to improved thermal stability, tensile strength and modulus of nanocomposites, while the elongation at break displayed a totally opposite variation with increased interfacial adhesion. When interfacial adhesion is overwhelmingly strong, the elongation at break of nanocomposites may be even lower than that of polymer matrix. In a word, this study provides a significant reference value on constructing different interfacial interaction for obtaining polymer/CNTs nanocomposites with desired properties.

Properties of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with Porous TiO2 Layers Using Polymethyl-Methacrylate Nano Beads

We prepared polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads with a particle size of 80 nm to improve the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) by increasing the effective surface area and the dye absorption ability of the working electrodes (WEs) in a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We prepared the TiO2 layer with PMMA beads of 0.0~1.0 wt%; then, finally, a DSSC with 0.45 cm2 active area was obtained. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the TiO2 layer with PMMA. UV-VIS-NIR was used to determine the optical absorbance of the WEs with PMMA. A solar simulator and a potentiostat were used to determine the photovoltaic properties of the PMMA-added DSSC. Analysis of the microstructure showed that pores of 200 nm were formed by the decomposition of PMMA. Also, root mean square values linearly increased as more PMMA was added. The absorbance in the visible light regime was found to increase as the degree of PMMA dispersion increased. The ECE increased from 4.91% to 5.35% when the amount of PMMA beads added was increased from 0.0 to 0.4 wt%. However, the ECE decreased when more than 0.6 wt% of PMMA was added. Thus, adding a proper amount of PMMA to the TiO2 layer was determined to be an effective method for improving the ECE of a DSSC.

Thermal Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate Composite Containing Copper Nanoparticles.

Thermal functional Materials have wide applications in thermal management fields, and inserting highly thermal conductive materials is effective in enhancing thermal conductivity of matrix. In this paper, copper nanoparticles were selected as the additive to prepare polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based nanocomposite with enhanced thermal properties. Uniform copper nanoparticles with pure face-centered lattice were prepared by liquid phase reduction method. Then, they were added into PMMA/N, N-Dimethylmethanamide (DMF) solution according to the different mass fraction for uniform dispersion. After DMF was evaporated, Cu-PMMA nanocomposites were gained. The thermal analysis measurement results showed that the decomposition temperature of nanocomposites decreased gradually with the increasing particle loadings. The thermal conductivity of the Cu-PMMA nanocomposites rose with the increasing contents of copper nanoparticles. With a 20 vol.% addition, the thermal conductivity was up to 1.2 W/m · K, a 380.5% increase compared to the pure PMMA. The results demonstrate that copper nanoparticles have great potential in enhancing thermal transport properties of polymer.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Studies of Magnesium-Based Polymethylmethacrylate Gel Polymer Electroytes

Magnesium-based rechargeable batteries might be an interesting future alternative to lithium-based batteries since magnesium compounds are highly abundant in the earth and are environmental friendly. In this work, we have prepared polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) films containing two different magnesium salts, which is magnesium triflate, Mg(CF3SO3)2 and magnesium perchlorate, Mg(ClO4)2 using solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity of both gel polymer electrolyte systems was evaluated using a.c impedance spectroscopy. Results show that at room temperature, GPE-Mg(CF3SO3)2 system exhibits the highest conductivity value at 1.27×10−3 S cm−1 for the film containing 20wt.% of Mg(CF3SO3)2 salt, while the highest conductivity value for the GPE-Mg(ClO4)2 system is 3.13×10−3 S cm−1 for the film containing 15wt.% of Mg(ClO4)2 salt. The conductivity-temperature studies of both GPE systems follow the Arrhenius behavior. The activation energies for ionic conduction were determined to be in the range of 0.18–0.26eV. The transport numbers of magnesium ions in both GPE systems were evaluated using the combination of a.c impedance spectroscopy and d.c polarization techniques. The results obtained indicate that the charge carriers in the GPE films for both systems are predominantly due to ions.

Glass transition temperature and thermal stability of ZnS/PMMA nanocomposites

In this article, ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by wet chemical precipitation method using zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), sodium sulphide (Na2S) and thio-glycerol. These nanoparticles were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. The solution-based processing was used to prepare Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites with different weight percents (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) of ZnS nanoparticles. The obtained ZnS/PMMA nanocomposites were characterized through XRD, scanning electron microscope and TEM measurements. The dynamic mechanical analyzer was used to obtain the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T g) of the nanocomposites. The apparent activation energy of the glass transition region was also determined using the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation. The results indicated that the thermal stability of ZnS/PMMA nanocomposites was higher than PMMA and 6 wt. % of ZnS nanoparticles in PMMA matrix showed the maximum activation energy, which indicated that this nanocomposite had higher thermal stability than other composites.

Preparation of Polymethyl Methacrylate-NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb:Er Composite Material Used for Holographic Display

In this study, we successfully prepared polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) /NaYF4:Yb:Er up-conversion composite luminescence material by solution cast method. PMMA was used for polymer matrix, and NaYF4:Yb:Er for rare earth up-conversion luminescence component, and this composite material was prepared for holographic display. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and luminescent spectroscopy were measured to analyze structure and luminous performance of the composite material respectively.

Impregnation of fluorescence dyes into polymer optical fiber using carbon dioxide fluid

In this work, subcritical levels of carbon dioxide fluids have been successfully used to prepare polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer optical fibers (POFs) with rhodamine dyes. The solubility of rhodamine dyes in the carbon dioxide fluids with and without cosolvent was measured at 293 and 313 K over the pressure range 8-24 MPa. Impregnation experiments were carried out from 5.0 up to 20 MPa, and at 283 to 323K. The effects of experimental factors (cosolvent, temperature, pressure and impregnation time) were then investigated. Distributions of dyes in POFs were observed by microscope, and the optic characteristics of the POFs were determined from the measurement of fluorescence spectrum, which was pumped at 532 nm with a Nd : YAG laser. Moreover, the results clearly indicate that compared with the conventional drop method, the impregnation using CO2 fluids does not affect the fluorescence performance of the rhodamine dyes.

Fabrication and properties of transparent polymethylmethacrylate/cellulose nanocrystals composites

Nano-sized cellulose crystals were fabricated from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) using combined sulfuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization techniques. The crystals were then utilized to prepare polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites by the solution casting method. The cellulose nanocrystals had diameters from about 8 to 10 nm and lengths in the range of 60–120 nm. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) results on the freeze-dried crystals revealed a slight increase in the degree of crystallinity after acid treatment. The composite sheets retained good transparency due to the size effect and dispersion of the cellulose nanocrystals. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated retained thermal stability of the composites. The storage modulus of the nanocomposite sheets from dynamic mechanical analysis showed significantly enhanced property in comparison with that of the pure PMMA sheets. The glass transition of the nanocomposites was shifted to lower temperatures with respect to the pure PMMA material.

Preparation and characterization of poly(MMA-M12-BPMA)/TiO2 composite particles

In this paper, poly(MMA-M12-BPMA)/TiO2 composite particles were prepared by the copolymerization of a reactive surfactant sodium sulfopropyl-laurylmaleate (M12) and a reactive UV-stabilizer 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxylpropoxy) benzophenone (BPMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of TiO2. The structure and performance of composite particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, and scanning electron microscope.The measurement results indicate that the percentage of grafting and the grafting efficiency can reach 336.87% and 36.38%, respectively, and the glass transition temperature of poly(MMA-M12-BPMA)/TiO2 composite particles is higher than that of poly(MMA-M12-BPMA); the size of the composite particles is about 130–200 nm. The poly(MMA-M12-BPMA) grafted from the surface of TiO2 keeps the excellent characteristic of BPMA that possesses high absorbance of ultraviolet light, which is very important for improving UV-resistant performance of the polymethyl methacrylate. These research results are very useful for preparing polymethyl methacrylate with resistance to UV light.

Polymerization and Characterization of PMMA. Polymer Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Undergraduate Students

This experiment gives students the opportunity to prepare polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), one of the most important industrial polymers. Two syntheses are described, involving either free radical or anionic polymerization. The experimental conditions are flexible so that each group of students can prepare his or her own PMMA with particular properties. Various techniques for characterizing the PMMA are proposed, depending on the apparatus available in the laboratory. First, size exclusion chromatography allows students to determine the average molecular weight and polydispersity of their PMMA and to verify the kinetics scheme of the free radical polymerization. Pooling data permits students to understand the influence of the initiator:monomer ratio on the yield, molecular weight, and polydispersity of the product. Second, proton NMR spectroscopy allows students to investigate the tacticity of their polymer. Finally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) can be used to show the influence of tacticity on the thermal properties of the polymer. Both NMR and DSC allow students to analyze pooled data to determine the influence of experimental conditions on tacticity. The experiments are easy to perform (5 hours) and safe, provided that appropriate precautions are taken.