Column Preparative Chromatography Research Articles

Platinum(II) complexes based on derivatives of natural chlorins with pyridine-containing chelate groups as prototypes of drugs for combination therapy in oncology

Objectives. To synthesize Pt-containing derivatives of natural chlorins as potential agents for the combination therapy in oncology. Platinum compounds are known to occupy an important place as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of oncological diseases. However, Pt(II) complexes are highly toxic to the body and are not selectively accumulated in tumor cells. If photodynamic and chemotherapy methods are combined in a single drug, the pigments are responsible for the selectivity of conjugate accumulation in the tumor, while a chemotherapeutic agent based on Pt(II) complexes is responsible for the cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. This will not affect healthy cells and thereby minimize the systemic toxicity of the drug to the body.Methods. Methods for the synthesis of pyridine-containing derivatives of natural chlorins and their metal complexes for use as potential binary agents in oncology were applied. As part of the study, the structures of the compounds obtained were confirmed by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and high-resolution chromatography-mass spectrometry. Preparative methods, including thin-layer and column chromatography, centrifugation and recrystallization, were used to isolate and purify the compounds obtained.Results. Platinum(II) complexes of pyridine-containing derivatives of natural chlorins were obtained for application in combination therapy in oncology. The schemes for synthesizing the target photosensitizers were optimized, in order to increase the yields and for subsequent transfer to industrial sites.Conclusions. It was found that pyridine-containing derivatives of natural chlorins could be obtained in high yields, that they possess chelating properties for platinum, and can be considered as binary agents in cancer therapy after successful preclinical trials.

Phytochemical analysis and the first report of decyl gallate and 4-ethoxycoumarin from marine seagrass Posidonia oceanica collected from Benghazi beach Libya

The goal of this research is to examine the chemical composition of the plant and identify the phytochemical constituents of the endemic seagrass species in the Mediterranean Sea, Posidonia oceanica, which has historically been used for a variety of purposes. After doing chemical screening, the existence of triterpenoid and phenolic proteins was discovered. Using preparative thin-layer chromatography and flash column chromatography techniques, seven phenolic compounds were isolated from the methanolic extracts of several plant parts. Namely decyl gallate, sinapinic acid, alpha-methyl cinnamic acid, acetosyringone, and chlorogenic acid from leaves, 4-ethoxycoumarin from rhizomes, and syringic acid from roots. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods such as ‘H and 13C-NMR. The spectra were analyzed and visualized using Mnova software and compared with standard spectra from the Willy spectra database, biological magnetic resonance data bank, and chemical book. This is the first report of decyl gallate and 4-ethoxycoumarin from the plant. This study contributes to the understanding of the phytochemical profile of Posidonia oceanica and provides valuable insights into its potential applications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and industry.

Identification of phenolic compounds from inflorescences of non-psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. by UHPLC-HRMS and in vitro assessment of the antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer

Phenolic compounds from Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae family), in particular cannflavins, are known to possess several biological properties. However, their antiproliferative activity, being of great interest from a medicinal chemistry point of view, has not been deeply investigated so far in the literature. In the light of this, the aim of this study was to obtain an enriched fraction of polyphenols (namely PEF) from inflorescences of a non-psychoactive C. sativa (hemp) variety and to evaluate its antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, capitalizing on a new and selective extraction method for hemp polyphenols, followed by preparative flash column chromatography. Untargeted metabolomics, using a new method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), was applied here for the first time to fully characterize PEF. Then, the main phenolic compounds were quantified by HPLC-UV. The antiproliferative activity of PEF and of the isolated compounds was assessed in vitro for the first time against Caco-2 and SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines providing promising IC50 values, in comparison with the reference drug used in therapy for this cancer type. Based on these results, PEF can be considered as a new highly potential therapeutic product to be further investigated against colorectal cancer, thanks to the possible synergistic interaction of its compounds.

FLAVONOIDS OF THE FAR EASTERN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BUPLEURUM L.

Compounds of the flavonoid class were isolated from six species of plants of the genus Bupleurum L. growing in the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai, Magadan Region) by liquid extraction. Five compounds were identified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: avicularin, rutin, narcissin, quercetin, isorhamnetin. Avicularin has been identified in the plants B. atargense, B. longiradiatum for the first time. The structure of compounds (avicularin, rutin, narcissin) isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel in the gradient elution mode with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol) was proved by NMR-1H, 13C, 1H,13C-HMBC spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with ESI. The sum of flavonoids in the aerial part of six species of the genus Bupleurum L. was determined by differential spectrophotometry, the mass fraction of which varies from 0.58 to 2.92%. The highest content of flavonoids was found in B. euphoiroides – 2.92±0.58%, and the least – in B. longiradiatum (0.58±0.12%). Comparative analysis of individual flavonoids in species of the genus Bupleurum L. revealed the specificity of their accumulation. The main flavonoid in the aerial part of B. atargense, B. euphoiroides is quercetin – 1.14±0.23%, 0.92±0.18%, and in B. triradiatum, B. komarovianum, B. scorzonerifolium, B. longiradiatum – rutin (0.47±0.09%, 0.18±0.04%, 0.32±0.08%, 0.13±0.03% accordingly).

Chemical constituents from the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott and their anti-inflammatory activities in LPS induced PC12 cells

IntroductionAcorus tatarinowii Schott is a traditional Chinese medicine that aromatizes dampness, opens the body and pacifies the mind, and is used medicinally as the dried rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii, family Tenaxaceae. Research has confirmed that it has a strong anti-inflammatory activity, however, its mechanism of anti-inflammatory is still unclear, and we continue to investigate its chemical composition and anti-inflammatory mechanism. MethodsThe separation and purification of the EtOH extract was carried out by preparative thin layer chromatography and column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopy and comparing their spectral data with those previously reported in literature. CCK-8 method was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of all compounds. The MDA, NO, SOD, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were analyzed using ELISA kits. TNF-α and Beclin-1 expression were examined by western blot and immunofluorescence. ResultsTen compounds, named cinnamic acid(1), sinapic acid(2), isoferulic acid(3), α-asarone(4), ferulic acid(5), arbutin (6), caffeic acid (7), 3-(3-hydroxyl phenyl)propanol(8), ethyl caffeate(9) and β-asarone(10) were isolated from the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with literature data. The anti-inflammatory effects of the all compounds were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced PC12 cell models in our study. The results of activity test showed that compounds 3 and 6 had good inhibitory effects on 5 μg·mL−1 LPS-induced PC12 cells. The IC50 of compounds 3 and 6 against PC12 cells were 27.41 ± 0.09 µmol·L−1 and 30.19 ± 0.10 µmol·L−1, respectively. Moreover, compounds 3 and 6 showed a significant protective effect on inflammation by increasing the IL-10 and SOD levels, and reducing the TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MDA and NO levels. The most important point is that their anti-inflammatory effect is related to the autophagy factor Beclin-1. ConclusionThese findings imply that compounds 3 and 6 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating TNF-α/Beclin-1 pathway, which provide a new basis for the anti-inflammatory activity of Acorus tatarinowii Schott.

An affordable gradient mixer for chromatography with aqueous and organic solvents

A gradient mixer for preparative column chromatography has been developed, using a microcontroller, a three-way solenoid valve, and a one-channel pump of any chosen design, controlled by a microcontroller and with specifications for the gradient entered through a touchscreen. The gradient mixer is economical and can be produced with the design files provided.

Structural Elucidation of Novel Degradation Impurity and Development, Validation of a Single HPLC Method for all Putative Impurities of Clobetasol Propionate in a Foam Drug Product.

Clobetasol Propionate is a highly strong corticosteroid that is used in a variety of topical medication formulations, including foam, ointment, lotion, spray and shampoo; with a dosage strength of 0.05% (w/w). The goal of this research was to identify and characterize a substantial unknown impurity (UK) detected during the stability testing of a Clobetasol Propionate foam pharmaceutical product in accelerated conditions (40°C and 75% relative humidity). Developing a single, robust and accurate HPLC method that is LC-MS compatible for quantifying all 14 potential Clobetasol Propionate impurities in therapeutic drugs is another goal. Preparative column chromatography was used to separate the impurity, and spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR and MS were used to characterize its structure. The structure of isolated UK was effectively characterized and defined using spectroscopic data evaluation. The chromatographic method has also been validated according to the International Conference on Hominization's Q (2) quality guidelines. The isolated and characterized impurity had the same equivalence as the impurity found during stability testing. Precision, accuracy, linearity, robustness and ruggedness are all met in the method validation data.

Introduction to Preparative Chromatography: Description of a Setup with Continuous Detection

Preparative chromatography is one of the most common and important purification techniques in organic chemistry and is employed in laboratories across the globe. In order to facilitate student proficiency with the method, a unique approach for the separation of estragole, ethyl cinnamate, and cinnamyl alcohol using microscale preparative flash column chromatography and gradient elution has been developed. During the chromatographic purification, a chemically impregnated TLC plate is used to provide as close to real-time elution information as possible, in this manner mimicking the effect of a UV detector. This straightforward yet powerful technique greatly aids in the visualization process, gives valuable information regarding the ongoing elution process, and minimizes confusion and errors.

Palladium-Catalyzed One-Step Synthesis of Stereodefined Difunctionalized Glycals

Palladium-Catalyzed One-Step Synthesis of Stereodefined Difunctionalized Glycals

A new phloroglucinol from Dryopteris fragrans and its antibacterial activity in vitro

A new phloroglucinol was isolated from 50% ethanol extract of Dryopteris fragrans by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography(TLC), and preparative liquid column chromatography. On the basis of MS, ~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR, and reference materials, compound 1 was identified as 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 2-{[2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(1-isobutyl)phenyl]methyl}-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-(1-oxobutyl)(1), and named disaspidin BB. Compound 1 was evaluated for its antibacterial activity. The experimental results showed that compared with the commonly used topical antibiotics erythromycin or mupirocin, disaspidin BB exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis(SEP), S. haemolyticus(SHA), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA)(P<0.05). Additionally, disaspidin BB was sensitive to ceftazidime-resistant SEP1-SEP4, SHA5-SHA7, MRSA8, and MRSA9. The MIC values of disaspidin BB against SEP and SHA were 1.67-2.71 μg·mL~(-1) and 10.00-33.33 μg·mL~(-1) respectively. Disaspidin BB has good antibacterial activities and deserves development as a new anti-infective drug for external use.

New Diterpenoids of Sigesbeckia pubescens (Makino) Makino

The composition of diterpenoids isolated from the aerial parts of Sigesbeckia pubescens growing in Primorsky Territory was investigated. Diterpenoids -glucopyranosyl-18-acetoxy-16, 17-dihydroxykauran-19-oate (1), 15-O-malonylkirenol (2), and 16-O-malonylkirenol (3) were isolated by extraction and preparative column chromatography. The diterpenoids 1-3 were new compounds, the structures of which were established using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Deeper investigation of oxygen-containing compounds in oleaginous feedstock (animal fat) by preparative column chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The production of renewable fuels as biodiesel and bio-jet fuel is usually originated by the transformation and processing of oleaginous feedstocks, mainly composed of triacylglycerols. Currently, a significant part of the triacylglycerol production relies on grassy oil crops or other woody oil plants, representing more than 120 million metric tons every year. Considering that the worldwide triacylglycerol demand is expected to rise in the future, alternative routes are necessary to ensure a sustainable biodiesel industry and limit diesel price volatility. In this context, the use of animal fats could be an interesting alternative for biodiesel production as the production of animal byproducts represents nearly 17 million tons per year in the European Union only (2020). Animal fats, however, contain large amounts of no-esterified fatty acids and other oxygen compounds, reducing the yield of biodiesel. Therefore, a specific pretreatment is needed before the trans-esterification process. The setup of such appropriate pretreatments requires detailed upstream characterization of the minor components present in the feedstock. For this purpose, the minor component profile of animal fat was investigated by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This was preceded by an innovative sample fractionation and focalization of these minor components by a preparative liquid chromatographic column method. The overall method permitted to extract different levels of information from the two-dimensional chromatograms, leading to a tentative identification of more than 150 compounds, mainly oxygenated, belonging to different chemical classes.

Phenolic and Organic Acids from Spondias pinnata Fruits

Background: Spondias pinnata (L. F.) Kurz is a well-known medicinal and edible plant indigenous to Southeast Asian countries. Although previous studies suggested that the high content of total phenolics in S. pinnata fruits leads to their antioxidant activity, there is no systematic study on its chemical constituents. Aim: To investigate chemical constituents of S. pinnata fruit extract, which will benefit to the utilization of S. pinnata fruit as an ingredient of functional food and medicines and will be helpful for quality control. Methods: The EtOAc extract of S. pinnata fruit was separated and purified by Sephadex LH-20, medium preparative liquid chromatography and silica gel column chromatography. And the structures of compounds 1-14 were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and ESIMS experiments. Results: Five caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (1 - 5), three coumarin derivatives (6 - 8), two flavonoid glucosides (9 and 10), three organic acids (11 - 13) and one aromatic glycoside (14) were identified from the fruit extracts. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (1) was the major constituent, and the quantitative determination established by HPLC analysis of 1 was 258 mg/kg dry weight fruits. Conclusion: S. pinnata fruit could provide various groups of compounds and the quantification of 1 will be helpful for quality control of S. pinnata.

Antiplasmodial Activity of Griffipavixanthone and Morelloflavone the Main Compounds from Garcinia Chromocarpa Engl. (Clusiaceae)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe genus Garcinia is a rich source of species mostly used in traditional medicine to treat a many diseases. Bioactive constituents from this genus have been used as antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-HIV. The methanol stem bark extract from Garcinia chromocarpa has been fractionated using preparative HPLC and column chromatography to identify major compounds of this plant and to evaluate their antiplasmodial activity.Aim of the studyThis study was aimed to report the antiplasmodial activity of Griffipavixanthone and Morelloflavone isolated for the first time from G. chromocarpa. And the absence of cytotoxicity at the highest tested dose (100 µg/mL) have been demonstrated. This aspect could justify their use in traditional medicine.Materials and methodsChromatographic fractionation of the stem bark methanol extract led to the isolation of major compounds, identified by NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques. The crude extract and pure compounds were used for the in vitro evaluation of the malaria parasite growth inhibition by colorimetric method (p-LDH assay), of the antiradical activities and of their cytotoxicity through WST1 assay.ResultsBased on the chromatographic profile two major compounds were isolated. They were characterized by spectroscopic analysis interpretation and comparison with the data in the literature: one biflavonoid (1) and one xanthone (2). The compound 2 (Griffipavixanthone, IC50 ± S.D = 5.80±0.32 μg/mL) was found to be more active against the malaria parasite, chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strain of P. falciparum, than the compound 1 (Morelloflavone, IC50 ± S.D = 9.20±0.96 μg/mL). The antiradical activities connected to the ability to scavenge free radicals were determined for the ethanol crude extract of the stem bark, and the leave of G. chromocarpa.ConclusionsThis work demonstrated for the first time the antiplasmodial activity of G. chromocarpa and its isolated major compounds. These latest are known in the genus Garcinia but, here, firstly described in G. chromocarpa Engl.

Antibacterial and molecular docking studies of newly synthesized nucleosides and Schiff bases derived from sulfadimidines

A new series of nucleosides, moieties, and Schiff bases were synthesized from sulfadimidine. Infrared (IR), 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques and elemental analysis were employed to elucidate the synthesized compounds. The prepared analogues were purified by different chromatographic techniques (preparative TLC and column chromatography). Molecular docking studies of synthesized compounds 3a, 4b, 6a, and 6e demonstrated the binding mode involved in the active site of DNA gyrase. Finally, all synthesized compounds were tested against selected bacterial strains. The most effective synthesized compounds against S. aureus were 3a, 4d, 4b, 3b, 3c, 4c, and 6f, which exhibited inhibition zones of inhibition of 24.33 ± 1.528, 24.67 ± 0.577, 23.67 ± 0.577, 22.33 ± 1.528, 18.67 ± 1.528 and 19.33 ± 0.577, respectively. Notably, the smallest zones were observed for 4a, 6d, 6e and 6g (6.33 ± 1.528, 11.33 ± 1.528, 11.67 ± 1.528 and 14.66 ± 1.155, respectively). Finally, 6b and 6c gave negative zone values. K. pneumoniae was treated with the same compounds and the following results were obtained. The most effective compounds were 4d, 4c, 4b and 3c, which showed inhibition zones of 29.67 ± 1.528, 24.67 ± 0.577, 23.67 ± 1.155 and 19.33 ± 1.528, respectively, followed by 4a and 3d (15.33 ± 1.528 for both), while moderate results (13.67 ± 1.155 and 11.33 ± 1.528) were obtained for 6f and 6g, respectively. Finally, 6a, 6b, 6c, 3a, and 3b did not show any inhibition. The most effective compounds observed for the treatment of E. coli were 4d, 4b, 4c, 3d, 6e and 6f (inhibition zones of 26.33 ± 0.577, 21.67 ± 1.528, 21.67 ± 1.528, 19.67 ± 1.528, 17.67 ± 1.155 and 16.67 ± 1.155, respectively). Compounds 3b, 3c, 6a, 6c, and 6g gave moderate results (13.67 ± 1.528, 12.67 ± 1.528, 11.33 ± 0.577, 15.33 ± 1.528 and 12.67 ± 1.528, respectively), while 6b showed no effect. The MIC values against S. aureus ranged from 50 to 3.125 mg, while those against E. coli and K. pneumoniae ranged from 50 to 1562 mg. In vitro, the antibacterial effects were promising. Further research is required to study the in vivo antibacterial effects of these compounds and determine therapeutic doses.

Preparation of Chlorophyll Nanoemulsion from Pomelo Leaves and Its Inhibition Effect on Melanoma Cells A375.

Pomelo (Citrus grandis), an important fruit crop grown in tropical and subtropical areas, is cultivated mainly in Asian countries. The dominant pigment in pomelo leaves, chlorophyll, has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anticancer. The objectives of this study were to determine chlorophylls in Pomelo leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and to encapsulate the isolated chlorophylls from preparative column chromatography into a nanoemulsion system for elucidating the inhibition mechanism on the growth of melanoma cells A375. The results showed that chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b could be separated within 25 min by using a C18 column and a gradient ternary mobile phase of acetone, acetonitrile and methanol. Pomelo leaves mainly contained chlorophyll a (2278.3 μg/g) and chlorophyll b (785.8 μg/g). A highly stable chlorophyll nanoemulsion was prepared with the mean particle size being 13.2 nm as determined by a dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The encapsulation efficiency of chlorophyll nanoemulsion was 99%, while the zeta potential was −64.4 mV. In addition, the chlorophyll nanoemulsion possessed high thermal stability up to 100 °C and remained stable over a 90-day storage period at 4 °C. Western blot analysis revealed that chlorophyll nanoemulsion and extract could upregulate p53, p21, cyclin B and cyclin A as well as downregulate CDK1 and CDK2 in a concentration-dependent manner for inhibition of melanoma cells A375. Furthermore, chlorophyll nanoemulsion and extract could upregulate Bax and cytochrome C and downregulate Bcl-2, leading to activation of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3 for the induction of cell apoptosis. Compared to chlorophyll extract, chlorophyll nanoemulsion was more effective in inhibiting the growth of melanoma cells A375.

Rendering waste oil as a new source for the synthesis of emulsifier: optimization, purification, and characterization

Abstract The enzymatic glycerolysis conditions in the production emulsifier by using the rendering waste oil were optimized in the present study. The effects of changes in duration (1–27 h), temperature (50–80 °C), enzyme (5–20%), and glycerol (5–20%) concentration, addition of solvent (acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and tert-butanol) and water addition (3.5% of glycerol rate), and ultrasound application on the enzymatic glycerolysis reaction medium for mono- and diglyceride production were investigated. After determining the optimum conditions, the effects of the ultrasonic bath on the physic-chemical and rheological properties of emulsifier, the oxidation tests were examined. Using the preparative column chromatography method, three different emulsifier compositions were achieved and named E100, E50-50, and E50-40-10 by their monoglyceride, diglyceride, and triglyceride contents, respectively. Then, the post-purification emulsion properties and rheological behaviors of emulsifier samples were determined. E50-40-10 emulsifier was found to be the best sample in terms of rheological properties and emulsion stability.

New dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits

Repeated column chromatography using Sephadex LH-20, silica gel (SiO2), and octadecyl SiO2 (ODS) as well as preparative HPLC column chromatography led to isolation of a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan along with four known ones, gomisin L2 (1), L1 (2), M1 (3), and M2 (4). Their chemical structures were fixed based on MS, IR, and NMR data analyses. In addition, the stereochemistry of atropisomers, the absolute configuration of the axial chirality in a biphenyl structure, was confirmed by a CD experiment. The new lignan was named gomisin M3 (5).

Streptomyces tunisiensis DSM 42037 mediated bioconversion of ferulic acid released from barley bran.

Streptomyces tunisiensis DSM 42037 exhibited growth capacity on a minimum medium containing 1% barley bran. This peculiar strain released 83.5% of total ferulic acid present in barley bran after 5days of incubation and the highest amount of released ferulic acid (19mg/L) was observed on the 3rd day of incubation. The concentrated supernatant of S. tunisiensis also released ferulic acid from the parietal arabinoxylan complex of barley bran. This strain was able to convert the free ferulic acid into 4-vinyl guaiacol (14mg/L) and acetovanillone (12mg/L) at molar yield of 97% and 83% respectively. The biotransformation products were successively purified by preparative thin layer and silica gel column chromatography followed by HPLC and identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Streptomyces tunisiensis DSM 42037 could have potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries thanks to its ability in biotransforming ferulic acid into 4-vinyl guaiacol and acetovanillone.

A REVIEW ON FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

Earlier column chromatography was used for preparative purposes as well as for reaction control in organic synthesis. Column chromatography is an extremely tedious stage in any laboratory and can quickly become a point of congestion for any process lab. Flash chromatography is a technique developed as a modification of preparative column chromatography. This is an air pressure driven technique comprising of medium and short column chromatography, optimised for rapid separation of organic compounds. Modern flash chromatographic system consists of pre- packed plastic cartridges where in the solvent is pumped through the cartridge. By employing high pressure gas, the efficiency and speed of classical column chromatography can be increased. Flash chromatography is an easy & quick approach that is economical to preparative liquid chromatography. The content mentioned in this article mainly focuses on the various components, general principles, procedures and applications of flash chromatography.