Preparation Of Poly Research Articles

Preparation of Poly(allylamine Hydrochloride) Grafted Porous Boron Nitride Fibers for Efficient Cr(VI) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution.

Cr(VI) pollution poses great harm to the cyclic utilization of groundwater and surface water resources. Efficient adsorbent materials have great potential to change this situation and assist in the restoration of ecosystems. This work chooses porous boron nitride fibers (pBN) with stable physical and chemical properties as the matrix, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the coupling agent, and uses a one-step crosslinking method to graft poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) onto pBN, forming pBN-AS@PAH with fascinating Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. PAH is uniformly covered and modified on the surface of pBN, and the composite with high specific surface area (383.33 m2/g), large pore volume (0.37 cm3/g), and abundant amino groups. Its equilibrium adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) can reach up to 123.32 mg/g, and the adsorption behavior follows the quasi second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, indicating the chemical adsorption process of monolayer. The adsorption style belongs to a spontaneous exothermic process and has the optimal adsorption effect at a pH of ~2. Additionally, after cycling for 5 times, the decrease rate of adsorption capacity is less than 10 %, showing an excellent reusability.

Preparation of poly(endo-norbornene derivatives) with ultra-high molecular weight by combining ROMP and acyclic metathesis reaction

Endo-norbornene derivatives are much cheaper and more accessible. However, it is difficult to prepare endo-polynorbornenes with ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) owing to the low activity. The molecular weight of poly(endo-NB-2OH)n could only reach to 309.1 kg mol−1 for 24 h via ROMP. While, UHMW poly(endo-NB-2OH)m was prepared by combining ROMP and acyclic metathesis reaction in much shorter time. The effects of residual monomer, amount of H2SO4, concentration, temperature and reaction time were investigated in depth. The UHMW P(endo-NB-2OH)m (Mn =2645.5 kg mol−1, PDI = 1.74) could be obtained at 80 °C for 5 min with H2SO4/G3 as 10/1 and concentration of 0.1 M. Moreover, UHMW P(endo-NBI-OH)m(Mn =1114.2 kg mol−1, PDI = 1.95) was also successfully prepared by this method. However, the H2SO4/G3 should increase to 30/1, and reacted for 45 min owing to the steric resistance of the cyclic dicarboximide. For P(exo-NBI-OH)n with lower activity, reaction time should prolong to 3 h to obtain UHMW P(exo-NBI-OH)m(Mn =1716.7 kg mol−1, PDI = 1.93). Finally, UHMW P(endo-NB-2alkyne)m, P(endo-NBI-alkyne)m, and P(exo-NBI-alkyne)m were successfully prepared via post-modification. Acyclic metathesis reaction is a robust and universal reaction to prepare other functional UHMW polynorbornenes, especially for the UHMW endo-polynorbornenes, which could not be prepared by ROMP efficiently.

Preparation of poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) microspheres by reflux precipitation polymerization

Poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) microspheres are utilized in several applications due to their superior mechanical properties, excellent chemical stability, and tunable surface modification. In this work, poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) microspheres were synthesized in ethyl acetate usingreflux precipitation polymerization. The average particle size and morphology of microspheres were carefully measured to investigate the responding influencing factors. In the growth process of these microspheres, the average particle size of poly(AN-co-St) microspheres changed a little after 180 min. However, the yield of the microspheres continued to increase until 420 min. The properties of the solvents had a significant impact on both the average particle size and the morphology of the poly(AN-co-St) microspheres. The concentrations of the initiator and the cross-linker have minimal effect on the average particle size of poly(AN-co-St) microspheres. By controlling the monomer content at 25 wt%, the yield of these microspheres could reach 82%. The method is straightforward to operate andthe prepared microspheres exhibithigh sphericity and uniformity. As a result, it shows great promise for thepreparation of submicron poly(AN-co-St) microspheres.

Preparation of poly(5‐ferrocenyl‐dipyrromethane) as sensor for electrochemical removal of aluminum and barium ions in real water samples

In this work, 5‐ferrocenyl‐dipyrromethane (Fc‐DPM) synthesized from the pyrrole and ferrocenecarboxaldehyde condensation was electrochemically deposited on a gold (Au) electrode and used to remove metal ions found in rural waters. The structural analysis of Fc‐DPM was recorded by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The Fc‐DPM was electrochemically coated on an indium tin oxide‐polyethylene terephthalate (ITO‐PET) surface, and the resulting Fc‐DPM/ITO‐PET was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. The heavy metal and mineral content of four real water samples from the same rural area were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) before and after electrochemical removal. The proposed Fc‐DPM/Au electrode was successfully applied for aluminum ion (Al3+) and barium ion (Ba2+) removal for the first time, and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as 0.003 and 0.217 ppb for Ba2+ and Al3+, respectively.

Preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers containing disulfiram-copper complex by electrospinning: a potential delivery system against melanoma.

Melanoma poses a significant threat to human health, making the development of a safe and effective treatment a crucial challenge. Disulfiram (DS) is a proven anticancer drug that has shown effectiveness when used in combination with copper (DS-Cu complex). This study focuses on encapsulation of DS-copper complex into nanofiber scaffold from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (DS-Cu@PVA). In order to increase bioavailability towards melanoma cell lines and decrease its toxicity. The scaffold was fabricated through an electrospinning process using an aqueous solution, and subsequently analyzed using ART-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ART-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Additionally, cellular cytotoxicity, flow cytometry analysis, and determination of caspase 3 activity were conducted to further characterize the scaffold. The results confirmed that encapsulation of DS-Cu complex into PVA was successful via different characterization. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the diameter of the nanofibers remained consistent despite the addition of DS-Cu. Additionally, ATR-FTIR confirmed that the incorporation of DS-Cu into PVA did not significantly alter the characteristic peaks of PVA. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assessment of the DS-Cu@PVA nanofibrous scaffold using human normal skin cells (HFB4) demonstrated its superior biocompatibility compared to DS-Cu-free counterparts. Notably, the presence of DS-Cu maintained its effectiveness in promoting apoptosis by increasing cellular reactive oxygen species, proapoptotic gene expression, and caspase 3 activity, while simultaneously reducing glutathione levels and oncogene expression in human and mouse melanoma cell lines (A375 and B16F10, respectively). Overall, these findings suggest that the addition of DS-Cu to PVA nanofibers enhances their biocompatibility and cytotoxic effects on melanoma cells, making them a promising candidate for biomedical applications. The findings indicate that the targeted delivery of DS-Cu onto a PVA nanofiber scaffold holds potential approach to enhance the efficacy of DS-Cu in combating melanoma.

Preparation of poly(lactic acid) grafted glycidyl neodecanoate by solid phase grafting and its compatibilization for poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composite

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) grafted glycidyl neodecanoate (GND) with a single epoxy group (PLA‐GND) is prepared in this paper by solid phase grafting, and the effects of different reaction conditions on the grafting percentage of PLA‐GND are investigated. Furthermore, PLA‐GND is used as a nonreactive compatibilizer to prepare PLA‐GND/PLA/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) composite by melt blending. The results show that PLA‐GND has the highest grafting percentage of 2.15% when the feed weight ratio of GND to PLA is 0.2, the feed weight ratio of triphenylphosphine to PLA is 0.02, the additive amount of xylene is 1 mL, the reaction temperature is 120°C, and the reaction time is 115 min. The GND segments of PLA‐GND and PBAT segments could form a physical entanglement microdomain because of the similar aliphatic chain of GND and PBAT, which would improve the compatibility of PLA and PBAT. PLA‐GND/PLA/PBAT composite has the highest tensile strength, elongation at break, impact strength, crystallinity, heat deformation temperature, and melt flow rate at a PLA‐GND content of 5%, which are 38.54 MPa, 118.65%, 15.83 kJ/m2, 5.71%, 65.3°C, and 36.3 g/10 min, 14.53%, 390.90%, 68.94%, 224.43%, 16.19%, and 224.40% higher than those of PLA/PBAT composite, respectively.Highlights PLA grafted GND with a single epoxy group is prepared by solid phase grafting. PLA‐GND as a non‐reactive compatibilizer compatibilizes PLA/PBAT composite. The similar chain of GND and PBAT is helpful to form the physical entanglement. The physical entanglement is essential to improve compatibility of PLA and PBAT. PLA/PBAT composite has excellent overall performance at a PLA‐GND content of 5 wt%.

Preparation of Poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide)/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Bioplastics for Potential Use as Flexible and Antibacterial Food Packaging.

High-molecular-weight poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) is a flexible and biodegradable bioplastic that has promising potential in flexible food packaging but it has no antibacterial ability. Thus, in this work, the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnOs) which have antimicrobial activity on various properties of PLLA-PEG-PLLA was determined. The addition of nano-ZnOs enhanced the crystallization, tensile, UV-barrier, and antibacterial properties of PLLA-PEG-PLLA. However, the crystallization and tensile properties of nanocomposite films decreased again as the nano-ZnO increased beyond 2 wt%. The nano-ZnO was well distributed in the PLLA-PEG-PLLA matrix when the nano-ZnO content did not exceed 2 wt% and exhibited some nano-ZnO agglomerates when the nano-ZnO content was higher than 2 wt%. The thermal stability and moisture uptake of the PLLA-PEG-PLLA matrix decreased and the film's opacity increased as the nano-ZnO content increased. The PLLA-PEG-PLLA/ZnO nanocomposite films showed good antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It can be concluded that nano-ZnOs can be used as a multi-functional filler of the flexible PLLA-PEG-PLLA. As a result, the addition of nano-ZnOs as a nucleating, reinforcing, UV-screening, and antibacterial agent in the flexible PLLA-PEG-PLLA matrix may provide protection for both the food and the packaging during transportation and storage.

Preparation of Poly(Butadiene–Styrene–Vinyl Pyridine)/Poly(Acrylonitrile–Butadiene) Core–Shell Nanoparticles by Intermittent Seeded Emulsion Polymerization and Their Catalytic Latex Hydrogenation

Preparation of Poly(Butadiene–Styrene–Vinyl Pyridine)/Poly(Acrylonitrile–Butadiene) Core–Shell Nanoparticles by Intermittent Seeded Emulsion Polymerization and Their Catalytic Latex Hydrogenation

Preparation of poly(divinylbenzene-co-methyl acrylate) adsorbent with tunable surface hydrophilicity for atrazine removal

To efficiently remove atrazine, it is crucial to facilitate synergistic adsorption effect between aromatic structure and hydrophilic adsorption sites through tuning surface hydrophilicity. Herein, we reported a polymer adsorbent which was synthesized by copolymerizing divinylbenzene (DVB) and methyl acrylate (MA) with different monomer ratio, and subsequently hydrolyzing the copolymer to obtain carboxyl group on its surface. The surface hydrophilicity could be easily adjusted by changing the ratio of monomer and the optimal feeding ratio was 4:1 (VDVB:VMA) in terms of porosity (specific surface area 712.92 m2/g) and hydrophilicity regarding atrazine adsorption. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 75.75 mg/g. The mixed surface reaction and film diffusion model revealed that the adsorption procedure is dramatically controlled by film diffusion. Atrazine molecules diffusive and bound with porous adsorbent via strong hydrogen bonding between N (triazine and amine) and carboxyl groups introduced by copolymerization. Furthermore, high porosity caused by aromatic crosslinked network provided sufficient adsorption sites through π-stacking interaction. This work not only supplies a highly efficient adsorbent for atrazine removal but also enables a platform for preparation of polymers with tunable porosity and surface hydrophilicity.

Preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/graphene oxide (GO) polymeric composites for the selective removal of lead ions (Pb(II)) in water

AbstractLead pollution in water has risen globally, due to industrialization and globalization. In this study, this problem was addressed by preparing poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/graphene oxide (GO) composites and addressing their effectiveness in absorbing water, and adsorbing Pb(II) ions in water. In water absorption studies, increasing the GO content to above 1 wt.% (3 and 5 wt.%) resulted in the degradation of the composites. All blends, and composites with 1 wt.% GO loading showed good water intake properties, with the composites having the highest. Pb (II) ion intake analyses showed that all the materials adsorb Pb(II) ions significantly in 24 h contact time, but the composites with 1 wt.% GO loadings adsorbed the greatest (81.3%–86.5%). For the effect of pH on adsorption, the adsorption of Pb(II) ions increased with an increase in pH from acidic to basic. This was attributed to the abundance of hydroxyl ions in basic media, that will not compete with Pb(II) ions for adsorption sites. Conclusions were that the 49.5/49.5/1 w/w PLA/PHBV/GO composite was the most optimal adsorbent of Pb(II). This composite could be used in industrial water purification processes like membranes, to remove lead ions from water while conserving the environment.Highlights Melt mixed PLA/PHBV/GO composites for removing lead ions from water. 1 wt.% GO contents in the composites sufficiently absorbed water. 3 and 5 wt.% GO contents resulted in the hydrolytic degradation of composites. Contact time is directly proportional to the degree of lead ion adsorption. Basic pH media resulted in the optimal adsorption of lead ions from water.

Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of poly(3-hydroxy butyrate) nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing method

Abstract This research focuses on the preparation of poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB) nanocomposites using the melt mixing method. Two types of organically modified nanoclay, Cloisite 93A (C93A), and Cloisite 30B (C30B), were incorporated at various weight percentages into the PHB matrix to create the nanocomposites. Comparative analyses were conducted between PHB/C93A and PHB/C30B to assess their tensile and impact properties in relation to the matrix polymer. Between the nanocomposites, the PHB/C93A nanocomposites shows an optimum tensile modulus of 949 Mpa with a 3 wt% clay loading, while PHB/C30B nanocomposites demonstrated improved percentage elongation at break of 5.33 % and enhanced Izod impact strength of 39.67 J/m at 3 wt% of clay load. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) signifies the thermal behavior of both the matrix and nanocomposite. The degree of crystallinity is observed to be 47 % in case of the PHB/C30B nanocomposites as compared to the PHB/C93A nanocomposites as 38 %. Again in case of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the maximum % char of 5.198 is observed for the PHB/C30B nanocomposites. The enhanced viscoelastic behavior of the PHB/C93A nanocomposites was attributed at a peak of approx. 55–60 °C due to the incorporation of C93A nanoclay into the matrix in the study of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The morphological investigation using WAXD analysis showcased particle clay intercalation and dispersion within the PHB matrix, indicating effective clay-matrix interactions. Overall, this study sheds light on the enhanced properties of PHB nanocomposites with the incorporation of organoclay, offering potential applications in various industries.

Production of carbon nanotube-supported metal (M = Ru, Pd, Pt) doped polyacrylic acid electrode materials and supercapacitor application

A radical polymerization with the contribution of carbon nanotube (CNT) supported metal (M/CNT) catalysts has been reported on the preparation of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) hydrogels for supercapacitor electrode materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and mapping, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to characterize the hydrogels. The obtained PAAc-g-(Ru/CNT) as a supercapacitor electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 1294.5 F g−1 at 5.0 mV s−1. This electrode has a high capacitance retention of up to 97.7 % after 1000 cycles, showing extended cycle life and strong electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the idea of such a synthesis technique can be extended to include the co-use of polymers and other materials with ionic conductivity properties with electrocatalysts for metal oxide supercapacitors and advanced energy storage devices.

Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) oxide/atactic poly(styrene) fibers with nanoporous crystalline phase

The preparation of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) oxide/atactic poly(styrene) (PPO/PS) fibers with nanoporous crystalline (NC) phase through guest-induced crystallization of melt-spun amorphous fibers is for the first time reported. These NC PPO/PS fibers display exceptional capacity to absorb volatile organic compounds from dissolved in water at very low concentrations. The equilibrium uptakes and sorption kinetics of perchloroethylene (PCE) exhibit significantly higher values and faster rates compared to the corresponding amorphous fibers. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the equilibrium uptakes of NC PPO/PS fibers are considerably higher compared to NC PPO films. The fast pollutant uptake exhibited by these innovative NC PPO/PS fibers makes them highly promising potential applications in the field of water pollutant remediation.

Preparation of Poly(guaiacol methacrylate-methyl methacrylate) Dielectric Films through Biobased Origin Guaiacol

Preparation of Poly(guaiacol methacrylate-methyl methacrylate) Dielectric Films through Biobased Origin Guaiacol

Preparation of Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) -Poly (2-Ethyl-2-Oxazoline) and Their Self-Assembly Properties with Dicarboxylic Acid

This study reports the synthesis of copolymers that contain thermally responsive polymers, namely poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX), as well as biodegradable side groups that are water-soluble and capable of hydrogen bonding. The assay aims to produce heat-responsive PNIPAM and PEOX polymers with di-carboxylic acid (DCA) controlled structuring of the resulting pH-sensitive nano-structured polymers. These will be used as a template in the synthesis of inorganic materials. The study demonstrated the impact of pH, salt concentration, and temperature on the polymer/DCA. This fragment describes the functional groups of the thermosensitive polymers PNIPAM and PEOX. These polymers have carboxylic acid functional groups at both ends, are water soluble, and are capable of hydrogen bonding. The structure of these polymers can be recognized with small molecules of DCA in an aqueous solution at different pH, salt concentrations, and temperatures with H-bonds. Additionally, these polymers can be used as templates to synthesize hollow silica polymers. The synthesized monomers and polymers were structurally characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). The resulting structured polymers were identified by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (SEM, AFM). UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the Lower Critical Solution temperature of the polymers.

Preparation of poly(caffeic acid)-coated epitope molecularly imprinted polymers and investigation of adsorption performance toward ovalbumin

Food allergy can lead to severe allergic reactions that are potentially fatal for human, hence the detection of food allergens such as ovalbumin (OVA) is important. In this study, a poly(caffeic acid)-coated epitope molecularly imprinted polymer (EMIP) was prepared by chelation and autoxidation of caffeic acid with hexamethylenediamine. EMIP has not only imprinted cavities highly matched with OVA in size and spatial structure, but also externally abundant hydrophilic groups, resulting in few non-specific binding and good hydrophilicity. With high specificity, significant paramagnetism, and great reusability, EMIP can distinguish OVA from other proteins and selectively enrich OVA in egg white samples, which opens up a promising route to the determination of allergens in food products.

Preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) with enhanced stereoselectivity via hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) produced by radical polymerization using 7-membered ring controlling agents

Controlling tacticity is crucial in polymer chemistry since it impacts the characteristics of synthetic polymers. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), generally obtained by hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), is a prevalent polymer whose properties are susceptible to even a small change in the main chain stereostructure. Thus, new polymerization methods that improve the tacticity of PVA or its precursor polymer are highly desirable. Herein, 7-membered ring compounds (tropolone (Tro-H), 2-tosyloxytropone (Tro-OTs), potassium tropolonate (Tro-K), methanesulfonic acid, 1,1,1-trifluoro-,7-oxo-1,3,5-cycloheptatrien-1-yl ester (Tro-OTf), potassium 4-((7-oxocyclohepta-1,3,5-trien-1-yl)oxy)butane-1-sulfonate (Tro-SO3K) are explored for the first time as controlling agents for the radical polymerization of VAc with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The obtained PVAc was hydrolyzed to obtain PVA. Process parameters such as monomer concentration, amount of controlling agent and initiators were optimized. The results revealed that the hydrolysis of PVAc produced in the presence of controlling agents gave PVA with improved stereoselectivity. Higher stereoselectivity, that is, isotactic triad (mm) = 24.24% of PVA, was obtained by the hydrolysis of PVAc produced with Tro-SO3K compared to VAc polymerization with other controlling agents. Moreover, hydrolysis of PVAc produced with Tro-SO3K under a wavelength radiation source (λmax, 365 nm) gave PVA with increased mm to 24.59% under similar conditions. In addition, flow chemistry, an emerging technology, was also used for VAc polymerization under optimized reaction conditions to obtain PVA with a mm of 24.62%. This work therefore provides an effective strategy to produce PVA with improved stereoselectivity via both batch and continuous flow techniques, enabling technical advantages for potential large-scale uses.

Preparation of poly (polyethylene glycol diacrylate -co- maleic anhydride) cryogels and its adsorption performance of cationic dyes

The treatment of dye pollutants in wastewater was a serious environmental issue. In this paper, freezing radical polymerization was used to prepare poly (polyethylene glycol diacrylate -co- maleic anhydride) (p(PEGDA-co-MA)) cryogels with redox initiators of ammonium persulfate / tetramethylethylene diamine in aqueous solution. The mechanical property and chemical structure of cryogels were characterized compression tests, IR, and XPS. After that, adsorption performance of p(PEGDA-co-MA) cryogels for cationic dyes was measured and the maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue and crystal violet was 447.7 mg·g−1 and 329.5 mg·g−1 (pH = 7.0), respectively. Adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics and adsorption thermodynamics were investigated to reveal adsorption mechanism of cryogel materials, which showed that monolayer chemical adsorption was dominant and the adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of temperature. This p(PEGDA-co-MA) cryogels would not only partly developed the polymerization method of vinyl monomers but also strongly expanded the field of dye adsorption materials.

Preparation of poly(oxanorbornene) based single and double-folding polymers via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction

A facile approach is introduced to prepare single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) utilizing intramolecular crosslinking based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The linear polymeric precursor comprising dichlorotriazine (DCT) moiety as a reactive pendant group is synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The reactive chlorine atoms on DCT motifs are substituted with a dithiol nucleophile in varying degrees to yield individually intramolecularly crosslinked polymer nanoparticles. In addition, double-collapse and modification reactions are exploited through the substitution reaction from the remaining unreacted chlorine atoms. A significant reduction in hydrodynamic volumes of the corresponding SCNPs is observed compared to their linear analogues. The obtained nanoparticles are characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques.

High sensitive humidity sensor based on PEDOT:PSS/CMC-Na coated polyester fabric with directional moisture transport performance

Flexible humidity sensors with excellent flexibility and sensitivity have been widely used in various fields such as human and plant health monitoring and management, non-contact human-machine interaction, smart e-textiles, and industrial and agricultural production. However, many sensors are limited their application due to the problems of unbreathable and poor wear comfort. Herein, a highly sensitive humidity sensor based on flexible polyester fabric with directional moisture transport is proposed. The facile method of coating is conducted by the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) paste with adjustable content and applied to the polyester fabric. The difference of hydrophilicity between the two sides of the fabric caused by the coating helps to directional moisture transport, thus giving rapid sensitivity, while using PEDOT: PSS can obtain the changes of electrical conductivity coming from the humidity. and the addition of CMC-Na not only helps the coating, but also provides hydrophilic groups, which is conducive to humidity sensing and directional moisture transport. The combination of this moisture-sensitive coating and directional moisture transport gives the sensor a fast humidity response time of 0.35 s, a wide humidity detection range (0‐100%(0–100% RH) and sensitivity of 4.15. Furthermore, the sensor can maintain the humidity response time in milliseconds even after being subjected to water washing and friction, indicating its excellent durability and stability.