Premature Stage Research Articles

Cyclin B2 can compensate for Cyclin B1 in oocyte meiosis I.

Mammalian oocytes are arrested at the prophase of the first meiotic division for months and even years, depending on species. Meiotic resumption of fully grown oocytes requires activation of M-phase-promoting factor (MPF), which is composed of Cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). It has long been believed that Cyclin B1 synthesis/accumulation and its interaction with CDK1 is a prerequisite for MPF activation in oocytes. In this study, we revealed that oocyte meiotic resumption occurred in the absence of Cyclin B1. Ccnb1-null oocytes resumed meiosis and extruded the first polar body. Without Cyclin B1, CDK1 could be activated by up-regulated Cyclin B2. Ccnb1 and Ccnb2 double knockout permanently arrested the oocytes at the prophase of the first meiotic division. Oocyte-specific Ccnb1-null female mice were infertile due to failed MPF activity elevation and thus premature interphase-like stage entry in the second meiotic division. These results have revealed a hidden compensatory mechanism between Cyclin B1 and Cyclin B2 in regulating MPF and oocyte meiotic resumption.

Age- and disease-dependent increase of the mitophagy marker phospho-ubiquitin in normal aging and Lewy body disease

ABSTRACTAlthough exact causes of Parkinson disease (PD) remain enigmatic, mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly appreciated as a key determinant of dopaminergic neuron susceptibility in both familial and sporadic PD. Two genes associated with recessive, early-onset PD encode the ubiquitin (Ub) kinase PINK1 and the E3 Ub ligase PRKN/PARK2/Parkin, which together orchestrate a protective mitochondrial quality control (mitoQC) pathway. Upon stress, both enzymes cooperatively identify and decorate damaged mitochondria with phosphorylated poly-Ub (p-S65-Ub) chains. This specific label is subsequently recognized by autophagy receptors that further facilitate mitochondrial degradation in lysosomes (mitophagy). Here, we analyzed human post-mortem brain specimens and identified distinct pools of p-S65-Ub-positive structures that partially colocalized with markers of mitochondria, autophagy, lysosomes and/or granulovacuolar degeneration bodies. We further quantified levels and distribution of the ‘mitophagy tag’ in 2 large cohorts of brain samples from normal aging and Lewy body disease (LBD) cases using unbiased digital pathology. Somatic p-S65-Ub structures independently increased with age and disease in distinct brain regions and enhanced levels in LBD brain were age- and Braak tangle stage-dependent. Additionally, we observed significant correlations of p-S65-Ub with LBs and neurofibrillary tangle levels in disease. The degree of co-existing p-S65-Ub signals and pathological PD hallmarks increased in the pre-mature stage, but decreased in the late stage of LB or tangle aggregation. Altogether, our study provides further evidence for a potential pathogenic overlap among different forms of PD and suggests that p-S65-Ub can serve as a biomarker for mitochondrial damage in aging and disease.Abbreviations: BLBD: brainstem predominant Lewy body disease; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; DLB: dementia with Lewy bodies; DLBD: diffuse neocortical Lewy body disease; EOPD: early-onset Parkinson disease; GVB: granulovacuolar degeneration body; LB: Lewy body; LBD: Lewy body disease; mitoQC: mitochondrial quality control; nbM: nucleus basalis of Meynert; PD: Parkinson disease; PDD: Parkinson disease with dementia; p-S65-Ub: PINK1-phosphorylated serine 65 ubiquitin; SN: substantia nigra; TLBD: transitional Lewy body disease; Ub: ubiquitin

Application potential of combined fuzzy-TOPSIS approach in minimization of surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear during machining of CP-Ti grade II

Titanium and its alloys possess numerous inherent qualities such as high corrosion resistance, temperature resistance, bio-compatibility and high strength-to-weight ratio. These alloys are extensively used in widespread areas viz. spacecraft, aerospace, marine, medical, oil and gas, chemical processing industries, etc. around the globe. In spite of the aforesaid popularity, machining of titanium alloys is very costly and difficult due to their poor thermal conductivity and high chemical affinity. Low thermal conductivity causes rapid tool wear owing to excessive machining zone temperature. Tool failure at its pre-mature stage considerably curtails the surface quality of the end product. This situation necessitates an appropriate set of machining variables so that one can achieve high productivity without compromising the quality. Keeping these facts in mind, the present paper proposes fuzzy coupled with TOPSIS method to identify an optimal combination of process variables during turning of commercially pure titanium. Spindle speed, feed and depth of cut were selected as three input parameters, whereas surface roughness (Ra), cutting force (Fc) and flank wear (VBc) were the major responses. Experiments were performed according to Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to identify the most significant machining parameter and to verify the potential application of the proposed methodology. The results indicated that the fuzzy-TOPSIS method is capable of deal with both qualitative and quantitative criteria to reach at the best parametric combination during turning operation.

Vermiremediation of metal(loid)s via Eichornia crassipes phytomass extraction: A sustainable technique for plant amelioration

Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), imparts deficiency of soluble arsenic and other toxic metal (loid)s through rhizofiltration and phytoaccumulation. Without proper management strategy, this phytoremediation of metal (loid)s might fail and get reverted back to the environment, contaminating the nearby water bodies. This study, focused on bio-conversion of phytoremediating hyacinths, spiked with 100 times and greater arsenic, lead and cadmium concentrations than the average water contamination, ranging in 58.81 ± 0.394, 16.74 ± 0.367, 12.18 ± 0.153 mg Kg−1arsenic, 18.95 ± 0.212, 9.53 ± 0.054, 6.83 ± 0.306 mg kg−1 lead and 2.79 ± 0.033, 1.39 ± 0.025, 0.92 ± 0.045 mg kg−1 cadmium, respectively in root, shoot and leaves, proving it's phytoaccumulation capacity. Next, these hyacinths has been used as a source of organic supplement for preparing vermicompost using Eisenia fetida following analysis of total metal content and sequential extraction. Control soil was having 134.69 ± 2.47 mg kg−1 arsenic in compare to 44.6 ± 0.91 mg kg−1 at premature stage of compost to 23.9 ± 1.55 mg kg−1 at mature compost indicating sustainable fate of phytoremediated vermicompost. This vermiremediation of arsenic and other toxic elements, restricted the bioavailability of soil pollutants. Furthermore, processed compost amended as organic fertilizer, growing chickpea, coriander, tomato and chilli plant, resulted in negligible metal(loid)s in treated samples, enhancing also plant's growth and production.

A Review Study on Cloud Computing Issues

Cloud computing is the most promising current implementation of utility computing in the business world, because it provides some key features over classic utility computing, such as elasticity to allow clients dynamically scale-up and scale-down the resources in execution time. Nevertheless, cloud computing is still in its premature stage and experiences lack of standardization. The security issues are the main challenges to cloud computing adoption. Thus, critical industries such as government organizations (ministries) are reluctant to trust cloud computing due to the fear of losing their sensitive data, as it resides on the cloud with no knowledge of data location and lack of transparency of Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) mechanisms used to secure their data and applications which have created a barrier against adopting this agile computing paradigm. This study aims to review and classify the issues that surround the implementation of cloud computing which a hot area that needs to be addressed by future research.

CAD system: a content based image retrieval approach for pulmonary nodule detection in CT images

This paper proposes Computerized Aided Detection System (CAD) which uses Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) to detect cancer nodules present in an image. The CAD system is concerned for the radiologists to identify lung cancer at premature stages, which are very tiny nodules that are not able to seen by naked eye. In modern years, Image processing techniques play a key role in predicting diseases at early stages in particular in various cancer types such as liver cancer, breast cancer etc. This paper comprises of four steps: i) preprocessing an image in order to lessen the noise level and the accuracy of the image is to be improved, so that the accuracy in detection will be higher. ii) The image is segmented based on Marker-Controlled Watershed Segmentation. iii) The features of the nodules present in the image are extracted using GLCM. iv) The nodules are classified based on the extracted features using KNN classifier. The Content Based Image Retrieval Technique is used which is used to redeem query based images in the database by combining feature extraction and similarity matching methods. For experimentation of proposed technique, CT images are used which are extracted from Lung Image Database Consortium database (LIDC).

Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Based Classifiers for the Diagnosis of Melanoma Cancer and Comparison

Melanoma cancer is the most injurious form of cancer which affects the human. Skin cancer has quickly increased in western part of the country among the world. In this paper, diagnosing melanoma in premature stages a detection system has been designed which contains the following digital image processing techniques. First, dermoscopy image of skin is taken, and it is subjected to the pre-processing step for noise removal and post-processing step for image enhancement. Then the processed image undergoes image segmentation using Otsu method and Morphological processing. Second, features are extracted using feature extraction technique-ABCD parameter, GLCM, and FOS. Various feature combinations are given as the input to the KNN, SVM, ANN and Bag of Visual Words classifiers. KNN classifier is used to classify the data set into two classes, SVM classifier is used to classify the data set into three classes, ANN classifier is used to classify the data set based on the number of layers and Bag of Visual Words are used to classify the data set into two classes. Performance is analyzed based on the accuracy of the learning classifier output.

The Synergistic Effect of Cation and Anion of an Ionic Liquid Additive for Lithium Metal Anodes

AbstractLithium metal anodes are steadily gaining more attention, as their superior specific capacities and low redox voltage can significantly increase the energy density of rechargeable batteries far beyond those of current Li‐ion batteries. Nonetheless, the relevant technology is still in a premature research stage mainly due to the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites that ceaselessly cause unwanted side reactions with electrolyte. In order to circumvent this shortcoming, herein, an ionic liquid additive, namely, 1‐dodecyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr1(12)+) bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−), for conventional electrolyte solutions is reported. The Pyr1(12)+ cation with a long aliphatic chain mitigates dendrite growth via the combined effects of electrostatic shielding and lithiophobicity, whereas the FSI− anion can induce the formation of rigid solid–electrolyte interphase layers. The synergy between the cation and anion significantly improves cycling performance in asymmetric and symmetric control cells and a full cell paired with an LiFePO4 cathode. The present study provides a useful insight into the molecular engineering of electrolyte components by manipulating the charge and structures of the involved molecules.

Effect of temperature on gonadal growth and maturation of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)

Effect of temperature on gonadal growth and maturation of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)

Premature interlude detection and classification of breast cancer using ANN classifier

Breast cancer has emerged as the main reason behind most cancers deaths amoungwomen. To decrease the emerging issue, cancer should be handled at the early stage, however it's extremely complicated to discover associated diagnose tumors at a premature stage. Manual analysis of cancer is found to be extremely time consumingprocess andincompetent in several scenarios. As a result, there exists a choice for sensibleschemes that identifies the cancerous cell,simultaneouslydeprived of any participation of people and with excessive accuracy. Here, formulated automatic method victimization Artificial Neural Network (ANN)as better intellectual system for breast cancer classification. Image Processingtakes part avitalplace in cancer recognition once input document is inside the style of pixels. Feature extraction of image could be very vital in Mammogram classification. Alternatives feature extraction methods have been developed recently. An absolutely distinctive function extraction method isused for classification of conventional and Normal cancer image classification. This methodology can offer maximum accuracy at a high speed. The applied math parameter encompass entropy, mean, power, correlation, texture, variance .This constraints can act as a inputs to ANN which is adequate enough to identify and provides the outcome whether or not patient is suffering from cancerous or not.

Recognition of anions using urea and thiourea substituted calixarenes: A density functional theory study of non-covalent interactions

Designing of new calixarene receptors for the selective binding of anions is an age-old concept; even though expected outcomes from this field are at premature stage. Herein, we have performed quantum chemical calculations to provide structural basis of anion binding with urea and thiourea substituted calixarenes (1, 2, and 3). In particular, spherical halides (F−, Cl−, Br−) and linear anions (CN−, N3−, SCN−) were modelled for calculating binding energies with receptor 1, 2 and 3 followed by their marked IR vibrations; taking the available experimental information into account. We found that the thiourea substitutions have better capability to stabilize the anions. Results have suggested that the structural behaviour of macrocyclic motifs were responsible for displaying the anion binding potentials. Moreover, second order “charge transfer” interactions of n‐σ∗NH and n‐σ∗OH type along the H‐bond axisplayed critical role in developing hydrogen bonds. The present work also examines the role of non-covalent interactions (NCI) and their effects on thermodynamic and chemical-reactivity descriptors.

Classification of normal and abnormal images of lung cancer

To find the exact symptoms of lung cancer is difficult, because of the formation of the most cancers tissues, wherein large structure of tissues is intersect in a different way. This problem can be evaluated with the help of digital images. In this strategy images will be examined with basic operation of PCA Algorithm. In this paper, GLCM method is used for pre-processing of the snap shots and function extraction system and to test the level of diseases of a patient in its premature stage get to know it is regular or unusual. With the help of result stage of cancer will be evaluated. With the help of dataset and result survival rate of cancer patient can be estimated. Result is based totally on the precise and wrong arrangement of the patterns of tissues.

Industrial Engineering Education in India

Abstract The industrial revolution can be termed as the catalyst of human growth. The establishment of various industries has been detrimental to the meteoric rise of any commodity, product or service across the world. Industries fuel the economy of countries and form the main constituent of their GDP. Industries not only generate the production of the market ready material but also generate the employment for the citizens of the country, which drives multiple factors of any country progress. In order to keep the industries thriving, we need commendable industrial engineers who have not only the skills of a technician but also as a manager to run the plant successful. Indian Government initiative “Make in India” to establish the industries in India, will not be successful without the capable Industrial Engineers. This paper focuses on the engineering education structure of India with regard to Industrial Engineering from diploma level to post doctoral level and assesses how our education system is incubating future industrial engineers. We have made some suggestions why this engineering discipline should be offered as a regular engineering discipline in India and highlighted the contribution of the Indian government to this discipline. We have given a brief view on the comparative status of industrial engineering with other countries and provided the suggestions to improve the industrial engineering education in India. Thus, Industrial Engineering plays a pivotal role in the field of engineering for the proper development of industries in any nation. Indian government’s initiatives in laying the framework of the industries for those commodities, which India is purchasing from the other parts of the world since independence is praiseworthy. These production plants across the country will see the advantage in the manufacturing and production engineering. Present scenario of industrial engineering education seems in its premature stages in India. With a mere number of colleges offering this stream in undergraduate studies leaves a chasm to be filled promptly in near future. Although the platform set in India regarding industries at present gives a kick start for employment and research opportunities in Industrial Engineering.

A Psychosocial Approach to Understanding Underground Spaces.

With a growing need for usable land in urban areas, subterranean development has been gaining attention. While construction of large underground complexes is not a new concept, our understanding of various socio-cultural aspects of staying underground is still at a premature stage. With projected emergence of underground built environments, future populations may spend much more of their working, transit, and recreational time in underground spaces. Therefore, it is essential to understand the challenges and advantages that such environments have to improve the future welfare of users of underground spaces. The current paper discusses various psycho-social aspects of underground spaces, the impact they can have on the culture shared among the occupants, and possible solutions to overcome some of these challenges.

USP40 gene knockdown disrupts glomerular permeability in zebrafish.

Unbiased transcriptome profiling and functional genomics approaches have identified ubiquitin-specific protease 40 (USP40) as a highly specific glomerular transcript. This gene product remains uncharacterized, and its biological function is completely unknown. Here, we showed that mouse and rat glomeruli exhibit specific expression of the USP40 protein, which migrated at 150 kDa and was exclusively localized in the podocyte cytoplasm of the adult kidney. Double-labeling immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy analysis of fetal and neonate kidney samples revealed that USP40 was also expressed in the vasculature, including in glomerular endothelial cells at the premature stage. USP40 in cultured glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes was specifically localized to the intermediate filament protein nestin. In glomerular endothelial cells, immunoprecipitation confirmed actual protein-protein binding of USP40 with nestin, and USP40-small-interfering RNA transfection revealed significant reduction of nestin. In a rat model of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, USP40 expression was apparently reduced, which was also associated with the reduction of nestin. Zebrafish morphants lacking Usp40 exhibited disorganized glomeruli with the reduction of the cell junction in the endothelium and foot process effacement in the podocytes. Permeability studies in these zebrafish morphants demonstrated a disruption of the selective glomerular permeability filter. These data indicate that USP40/Usp40 is a novel protein that might play a crucial role in glomerulogenesis and the glomerular integrity after birth through the modulation of intermediate filament protein homeostasis.

Comprehensive Research on Essential Oil and Phenolic Variation in Different Foeniculum vulgare Populations During Transition from Vegetative to Reproductive Stage.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of four fennel populations (England, Spain, Poland and Iran) were investigated during six developmental stages including two vegetative and four reproductive phases. In reproductive phase, the essential oil content of fruits decreased and the maximum content (5.9%) was obtained in immediate fruits. The essential oils were analyzed using GC/MS. trans-Anethole was the main component of the leaves and the fruits oil. In leaves, it ranged from 41.28% in England at late vegetative stage to 56.6% in Poland population at early vegetative stage. Other major compounds of leaves were limonene, α-pinene and (Z)-β-ocimene. In reproductive phases the trans-anethole increased dramatically. It varied from 85.25% in immature fruits from Poland to 90.7% in pre-mature stage from Spain. The highest phenolic content in the extracts at different growth stages obtained 189mgTAE/g DW at full mature stage of seed in Iran population. The flavonoid of leaves extract ranged from 3 to 7.5mgQUE/g DW, while in fruits extract varied from 3 to 10.3mgQUE/g DW. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and β-carotene model systems. Immature and full mature growth stages of fennel population from Spain indicated the highest activity in quenching of DPPH radical (74.2% and 74.5, respectively). Antioxidant activities of the extracts had high positive correlation with their phenolic contents in all fruit maturity stages. Finally, it might probably be suggested that in fennel the hot and humid condition can lead to increase trans-anethole, while the hot and dry one can produce higher amount of phenolics and flavonoids.

Improve our understanding of ocular fundus diseases with ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography

Ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography (UWFA) can obtain very wide retinal images (up to 200° ), and is a very helpful tool to detect peripheral retinal lesions which cannot be found by other imaging methods. Analyzing the characteristics of the UWFA images may improve our understanding, treatment outcomes and management strategies of ocular fundus diseases. However this technology is still in its premature stage, there is still a lot of work to be done to improve its clinical application and study the characteristics and clinical meanings of these peripheral retinal lesions. Key words: Retinal diseases/diagnosis; Fluorescein angiography; Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological; Editorial

A Rational Rush Theory of Financing Innovations

We propose a theory of rational Rush, emphasizing the quantity of rational over-investment contrast to the theory of irrational price Bubble. We illustrate an important friction when financing breakthrough innovations: non-excludability and spillover of uncertain knowledge due to imperfect IPR (Intellectual Property Rights, e.g. patent) protection. Facing a limited supply of new projects with uncertain return, investors make decisions about when and how many projects to invest. Investors' preemption motive will distort their incentives for patient learning about project return, thus inducing them to rush in to finance uncertain projects massively at a premature stage. A small positive news shock regarding the project return can greatly amplify over-investment and result large social inefficiency. On the other hand, information externality creates free-rider motive, which can also make under-investment possible. Our empirical finding based on sectoral Venture Capital investment shows that weak IPR protection lead to excessively high investment level and more procyclicality. Broader patent rights should be granted when the uncertainty of innovation is high, although the Rush prevention can induce more patent race at the early R&D stage, i.e. Rush-Race shifting.

Neonummulites gen. nov., representing a phylogenetic link between evolute and involute nummulitines

A new genus Neonummulites gen. nov. and its two new species - Neonummulites depressa sp. nov. and Neonummulites granuli sp. nov.- are designated and described from the middle Eocene succession of Gujarat India.With planispiral coiling, undivided simple chambers andmarginal cord, the new genus belongs to the subfamily Nummulitinae. It is conspicuous in axial section by evolute chambers and evolute whorl walls during the premature stage and involute chambers and involute whorl walls at the mature stage. The commonly occurring change from involute to evolute coiling is considered a generic feature in the subfamily, and in this regard, a change of coiling from evolute to involute during ontogeny is given due importance as a generic feature. With the absence of transverse trabeculae in the polar area, the premature part possesses some distinctive characters of evolute Operculina whereas with trabeculae, septal filaments and moderately thickmarginal cord in the extra-polar area, themature part resembles involute Nummulites. The successive development of the features of evolute and involute nummulitines during the ontogeny suggests Neonummulites gen. nov. possibly represents a phylogenetic link between the two principal genera. Of its two recognized species, Neonummulites depressa sp. nov. is distinct with thin discoidal smooth test having a mild depression on the one side, andwith inflated lenticular test Neonummulites granuli sp. nov. is distinct with heavy polar granulations.

A Systematic Review of Strategies and Methods for Cloud Migration

By leveraging cloud services, organizations can arrange their software systems over a pool of resources. However, organizations heavily depend on their business-critical systems, which have been developed more than long period. These inheritance applications are usually deployed on-premise. In recent years, research in cloud migration has been carried out. However, there is no derivative study to consolidate this research. This paper aims to identify, taxonomically catalog and methodically compare existing research on cloud migration. By analyzing the research achievements, we split the presented migration methods into three strategies according to the cloud service models integrally. Unusual processes need to be painstaking for different migration strategies, and different tasks will be implicated accordingly. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 23 selected studies, published from 2010 to 2013. We classify and compare the selected studies based on a characterization framework that we also introduce in this paper. The research blend results in a facts base of current solutions. This review also identifies research gaps and commands for future research. This review reveals that cloud migration research is still in premature stages, but is advancing. It identifies the requirements for a migration framework to help improving the maturity level and consequently trust into cloud migration. This review shows a need of tool support to computerize migration tasks. This study also identifies needs for architectural version and self-adaptive cloud-enabled systems.