Coffee, as the most consumed drink globally, has an effect on human metabolism at extracellular and intracellular levels. Caffeine or trimethylxantine in intracellular has potential as an agent for antiviral and anticancer. Treatment with caffeine will affect the mechanism of DNA repair enzymes and induce premature chromatin condensation (PCC), which organizes the occurrence of mitosis at rudimentary cell cycle phase S which makes DNA integrity unattainable, and cells become apoptosis. Studies have already been conducted observing the effects of caffeine at the cellular level, by reacting Escherichia coli (E. coli) or mammalian cells to reactions that disrupt cell cycles such as arsenolysis, exposure to UV radiation, x-ray induced, and starvation with nothing to consumed accept of purines derivatives including caffeine. The result of caffeine treatment on E. coli and mammalian cells on UV radiation and arsenolysis least affected was inosine, acting as an inhibitor, which then can be concluded that caffeine and inosine have almost the same physiological function as substrates for substitution reactions by the most reactive cell metabolism compared to hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine, and guanine. Additional studies explained caffeine on mammalian cells was not affecting mammalian DNA replication but only made it shorter in replication length there for giving a promised future impact for interfering mechanism of caffeine as DNA repair substrates as beneficial if it is used as a mechanism to interfere with the proliferation of cancer cells and inhibit the spread of viral virions.
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