Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis Of Extract Research Articles

Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential and Formulation of Nanosuspension of Celosia argentea Extract

It is a well-known undisputed truth that plants play a significant role in health and are frequently used in the food and medicinal industries. Among plant parts, leaves, stems, roots, and bark are being extensively researched for their biological characteristics. However, flowers are overall neglected and significant activities were not explored. Celosia argentea, Family: Amaranthaceae is wide used as ancient drugs with long history. More than 79 chemicals, mostly saponins, peptides, phenols, fatty acids, and amino acids, were extracted and identified from this plant. Saponins are considered to be the distinctive and active components of the herb. Experimental data showed that the active ingredients in this herb have broad biological effects, including the ability to treat number of eye conditions. The flowers of Celosia argentea were collected and extracted using methyl alcohol and water as solvent. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts were carried out by chemical tests. Antioxidant activity was evaluated for the hydroalcoholic extract by DPPH and H2O2 technique. Formulation of nanosuspension of Celosia argentea was carried out by Nanoprecipitation technique. Nanosuspensions of Celosia argentea potentiates the antioxidant potential and bioavailability.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF AERIAL PARTS OF FLACOURTIA JANGOMAS

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of leaf and stem part aqueous extract of Flacourtia jangomas.
 Methods: Aqueous extract of leaves (ALE) and aqueous extract stem (ASE) part of Flacourtia jangomas were sequentially prepared by maceration process and subjected to a preliminary phytochemical screening. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the carrageenan-induced acute rat paw oedema model and Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing model and hot plate method in mice. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnet’s test by using SPSS V.15 (student trail version).
 Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts of leaves and stems indicated the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins. The extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with a dose-dependent manner. The ethanolic extract from the leave extract of Flacourtia jangomas at the dose 200 mg/kg has 55.6% significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard drugs (44.4%). Even at the low dose leave extract has more potent than aqueous stem extract. Where in analgesic effect by Hot plate method basal reaction time results showed that aqueous extract of stem part at the dose of 200 mg /kg has a significant effect at 120 mts 10.0 sec when compared with std pentazocine 13.0 sec. In peripheral analgesic method Acetic acid-induced writhing model results have not shown much more significant when compared with standard drug (42.1%). The potential to cause anti-inflammation by stem extract was comparatively less than that of leave extract. Thus it could be concluded that Flacourtia jangomas leave extract possess significant anti-inflammatory activity
 Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Flacourtia jangomas extract is safe and has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, which promote this use as a food supplement against pain and inflammation related to inflammatory diseases.

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant activity of extract of different parts of Adhatoda vasica

Adhatoda vasica, a traditionally vital medicinal plant, is used extensively in the treatment of cold cough, asthma, bronchitis, tuberculosis and skin diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), free radical scavenging activity and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of ethyl acetate extract of Adhatoda vasica leaf, stem and flower for the presence of some medicinally vital phytocomponents. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts of leaf, stem and flower of Adhatoda confirms the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, aldehydes and ketones. The highest total phenolic content was obtained in extract of Adhatoda vasica stem followed by leaf and flower extracts and highest total flavonoid content was found in flower extract followed by leaf and stem extracts. The maximum inhibition of free radical scavenging activity was observed in the flower extract, followed by leaf and stem extract. In GC-MS profiling, different plant parts showed the presence of medicinally important compounds possessing antimicrobial, antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, the present study provides an important source for the biological characterization and importance of the compounds identified in methanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica leaf, stem and flower.

Detail pharmacognostical and analytical profile of telosma pallida (l.) kurz. (leaf): A folklore medicinal plant of Gujarat State

Background: Telosma pallida (L.) Kurz., is one of the traditional medicinal plants from Asclepiadaceae family. It is abundantly available in Gujarat, India during monsoon. It is a slender and deciduous climber used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases such as cough, cold, skin diseases etc., Aims: To study the leaves of Telosma pallida (L.) Kurz. for detailed Pharmacognostic characters and Analytical Profile. Materials and Methods: In this work pharmacognostic, preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis, and HPTLC profile of leaves were determined following standard procedures. Results: The leaves are simple, entire, opposite, cordate in shape, the upper surface is dark green and lower surface is light green in colour. The Transverse section of a leaf through petiole shows the presence of uniseriate multicellular warty trichomes and laticifer cells at the adjacent side of the phloem. Surface study shows paracytic and anomocytic type of stomata. Preliminary physicochemical analysis shows water soluble extractive value as 28.44 ± 2.89% w/w and alcohol soluble extractive value as 14.60 ± 0.79% w/w. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts shows the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids and flavonoids. Conclusion: The information obtained from this research work may be useful to establish the botanical as well as analytical standards for the leaves of T. pallida.

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Extract of Spermadictyon suaveolens and its Effect on Oral Glucose Tolerance in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

The preliminary phytochemical analysis of extract of Spermadictyon suaveolens was performed and its effect on oral glucose tolerance in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats studied. 1 week after the administration of streptozotocin, diabetic rats received herbal extract orally at dose 500 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed on overnight fasted rats on day 28. Blood samples were collected prior to glucose administration and at 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes after glucose loading and plasma glucose level was measured for all the samples. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of extract of roots of Spermadictyon suaveolens showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and phenolic compounds. Extract of roots of Spermadictyon suaveolens improved oral glucose tolerance in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Preliminary Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Investigation of Blepharis sindica-T. Anders Seeds.

Background:Blepharis sindica – T. Anders of family Acanthaceae is an important medicinal plant which is mainly used as an invigorating tonic, given to cattle to increase milk production and its roots are used for urinary discharge and dysmenorrhea. It is commonly known as “Bhaṅgārī”. It is extensively used traditionally as Vājīkāraka and Vṛṣya (Aphrodisiac) by vaidyas of Rajasthan and Gujarat. The seeds of Blepharis sindica T. Anders are the parts of the plant valued for their medicinal value.Aims:The present investigation deals with the pharmacognostic studies of the root, stem, seed and seed powder.Materials and Methods:The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, preliminary phytochemical analysis and physicochemical evaluation using methods given in Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia.Results:Physicochemical parameters such as total ash value, acid insoluble ash value and water soluble ash value were determined to be 21.449 ± 2.629%w/w, 0.986%w/w, 18.746%w/w respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts were carried out. Different extracts contain carbohydrate, protein, alkaloids, phenols, saponins and steroids prominently. Calcium, zinc, potassium and iron were also present. These secondary metabolites are the active constituents and may be responsible for B. sindica's pharmacological activities. Chief characters of transverse section of stem include ringed vascular bundles, radial striped pith rays and parenchymal pith. Seed shows presence of scalariform tracheids and lignified walls.Conclusions:The result of the present study can be useful for the identification and preparation of a monograph of the plant.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF AND PERICARP EXTRACTS OF POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA (ANNONACEAE)

The present study was conducted with an aim of determining antimicrobial activity of leaf and pericarp (ripe and unripe) extracts of P olyalthia longifolia (Annonaceae). The leaf, ripe pericarp and unripe pericarp were shade dried and extracted using methanol in soxhlet assembly. Antibacterial activity of leaf and pericarp extracts was determined against Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae by Agar well diffusion assay. Antifungal activityof leaf and pericarp extracts was tested against Sclerotium rolfsii by Poisoned food technique. The extracts were effective against S. aureus to higher extent when compared to Gram negative bacteria. The extracts caused marked inhibition of mycelial growth of S. rolfsii . Unripe pericarp extract exhibited marked inhibition of bacteria and fungus when compared to other extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts reve aled the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and glycosides in leaf and pericarp extracts. The observed inhibitory potential could be ascribed to the presence of secondary metabolites in the extracts. The leaf and pericarp of P. longifolia can be exp loited for the development of potent antimicrobial agents.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies of Lantana indica Roxb.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical properties of Lantana indica Roxb. The aqueous and organic solvent (ethyl acetate and methanol) extracts from the leaves of Lantana indica (Verbenaceae) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Steptococcus pyrogens, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method. The results showed promising antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Among these, methanol and aqueous extracts were found to possess a more potent inhibitory effect when compared to the ethyl acetate extract. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of antimicrobial compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, tannins and flavonoidal glycosides. The result of this study validates the use of methanol and aqueous extract of this species in ethnomedicine, favouring the isolation of antibacterial agents from the leaf extract of Lantana indica.

Antifungal properties of plants used in Brazilian traditional medicine against clinically relevant fungal pathogens

Antifungal properties of extracts from eight Brazilian plants traditionally used in popular Brazilian medicine were tested against five clinically relevant Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Sporothrix schenckii. Results demonstrate that almost all extracts exhibited antifungal activity, at least against one of the microorganisms tested. The ethanolic extract from the leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius exhibited potential antifungal activity against C. glabrata and S. schenckii. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extract from S. terebinthifolius showed the presence of biologically active compounds, namely saponins, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids and tannins.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antifeedant Evaluation of Semecarpus kathalekanensis Dasappa

Aerial part of Semecarpus kathalekanensis Dasappa were subjected for soxhlet extraction by using solvents petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and tannins. The antifeedant activity of extracts was studied at 4% and 2% concentrations respectively; on third instar larvae of Teak defoliator, Hyplaea puera. The ethanol and distilled water extracts showed maximum antifeedant activity and gave over 85 per cent protection of Teak leaves, followed by petroleum ether extract from Hyblaea puera. The result indicated that the ethanol and distilled water extracts have maximum antifeedant activity. The chloroform extract has shown moderate antifeedant activity.