Preliminary Division Research Articles

Two sunspot group populations and Gnevyshev-Waldmeier rule

Based on the materials of the Royal Greenwich Observatory catalog, the study of two different sunspot group populations continued: LLG – large long-lived, and SSG – small short-lived groups. The task of achieving a higher accuracy of the population separation parameter than before (Nagovitsyn & Pevtsov 2016, 2021) is being solved. A procedure for randomizing the lifetimes of sunspot groups observed once a day is proposed, which allows for statistical studies to achieve a higher time resolution. The form of the Gnevyshev-Waldmeier Rule is taken, which linearly connects the logarithm of the logS area and the lifetime of the sunspot group LT (over limited time intervals). It is shown that it has coefficients significantly different for SSG and LLG populations. The range of values of the group lifetime parameter separating the populations was found as LT∗=4.75±0.53 days, which is in agreement with the threshold values obtained earlier for the number of days of sunspot group observation: mSSG⩽5 days and mLLG>5 days. It is shown that the parameters of the bilognormal distribution of the sunspot group areas, obtained from their common grouped sample statistically by Levenberg–Marquardt method and with a preliminary division into lognormal distributions by lifetime, correspond to each other. It was clarified that, with an accuracy of up to a tenth of a day, the SSG population corresponds to the lifetimes of groups ⩽4.6 days, and the LLG population corresponds to times ⩾4.7 days. The results obtained make it possible to study various physical properties of SSG and LLG populations independently of each other in order to compare them and study their nature.

Edge Server Deployment for Health Monitoring With Reinforcement Learning in Internet of Medical Things

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has recently gained a lot of interest in the health care industry. IoMT enables real-time and omnipresent monitoring of a patient's health status, resulting in massive amounts of medical data being generated. The centralized massive data processing places enormous strain on the typical cloud computing, rendering it incapable of supporting a variety of real-time health care applications. Therefore, edge computing that moves application programs and data processing from central infrastructure to the edge nodes has attracted wide attention. However, adopting existing edge server (ES) deployment strategies for IoMT is not suitable due to the decentralized and high real-time service requirements of IoMT systems. In particular, traditional ES deployment strategies in IoMT system confront major load imbalance across ESs, latency issues, and energy consumption concerns. To address these challenges, a deployment strategy of ESs based on the state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) learning, named ESL, is designed. Specifically, ESs are quantified by evaluating the silhouette coefficient (SC) and the sum of squared errors. Then, through fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm, the preliminary division of health monitoring units (HMUs) and the initial locations of ESs are obtained. Finally, SARSA learning is adopted to determine the deployment of ESs. Furthermore, extensive experiments and analyses confirm that ESL achieves the core objective of optimizing load balancing among ESs while also optimizing request-response latency and request processing energy consumption.

Acoustic emission study on damage mechanism of composite materials repaired with bi-adhesive and damage classification model

The load-bearing capacity of damaged composite materials can be improved using the double adhesive repair technique. This study uses acoustic emission (AE) as the primary detection method to examine the damage evolution of modified double-bonded repair specimens and discover the most effective configuration for bi-adhesive repair. The introduction of machine learning and signal feature extraction in the analysis of huge acoustic emission parameters has significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of damage classification. Following the preliminary division of the clustering results of the unsupervised algorithm, the corresponding relationship between various clustering types and damage types is confirmed using the energy characteristics of wavelet packet decomposition. Parameter and waveform analysis are extensively utilized in studying the AE damage of composite materials and have complementary advantages. Thus, a supervised classifier is established by combining characteristic parameters with time-frequency domain analysis of the signal waveform. Furthermore, machine learning is used to process the large signal set and analyze the debonding damage behavior of the patch. In the end, it is shown that the specimens with the modified adhesive in the middle of the repair area displayed superior repair results. Hence, when combined with machine learning, the signal classification of the damage evolution behavior of repaired specimens is realized with high accuracy.

The improvement of operational properties of the parts of means of transport by applying regular reliefs

Problem. Specially created regular surface reliefs strongly influence the reliability and operational properties of machine parts. One of the effective methods of obtaining reliefs is cold plastic deformation (CPD). This method of modification does not lead to the occurrence of significant stresses in the material of the part and can be form-forming. The latter is important in repair production. However, to date, there is no systematic study of the formation of reliefs by CPD methods, especially with the use of linear indenters. Goal. To improve the operational properties of the parts of means of transport by applying regular micro- and macro-reliefs of technological and operational purposes by deepening linear indenters. Methodology. Press hydroficated equipment was used to create a normal indenter penetration force. The brands of typical structural materials are defined: steel, gray cast iron, bronze, brass, aluminum and titanium alloys. A linear indenter made of high-speed steel with angles at the top of 60° - 90° and a radius at the base of 0.005 - 0.5 mm was created. Methods of microstructural analysis and microhardness, standard and original instruments and devices were used. The range of groove depths was 0.02-0.5 mm. A lubricating-cooling liquid based on rapeseed oil was used. Results. It was hypothesized that when the indenter is immersed in the material of the part, the factors that have the greatest influence on the depth and other parameters of the relief groove are the normal strength, hardness, and relative elongation of the material under study. These theoretical principles formed the basis of the mathematical model of the indentation process. Originality. It was created a classification of regular reliefs by purpose: for preliminary division of the allowance during cutting; for preparing the surfaces of parts for applying coatings, including anti-friction films; to create labyrinths on the surface of parts for lubricants; for preliminary separation of fragmentary ammunition cases; to create strengthened new load-bearing surfaces, in particular, discrete when restoring worn parts; to obtain complex profiles on the surfaces of the holes of the parts. The calculation of the impact of the indentation force and the geometric parameters of the linear indenter on the shape and dimensions of the relief groove has been developed. Theoretical propositions about the influence of the embedment force, hardness and plasticity of the material of the part on the parameters of the relief groove were experimentally confirmed. These factors affect the optimization parameter both directly and through intermediate factors: the radius of rounding and the angle at the top of the indenter and the composition of the lubricating and cooling liquid and the speed of immersion. The interrelationship of phenomena during the formation of reliefs and the dependence of the depth of the groove on the process factors are constructed. Practical value. The method of restoring worn parts by indenting a linear indenter was developed, the principle of obtaining discrete surfaces of machine parts by alternating relief grooves with flat areas within a discreteness of 5-50% and methods of obtaining shaped surfaces in the holes of hollow parts by copying were developed.

面向短视频账号浅度安全等级识别方法——短视频潜在优质账号的初步划分

面向短视频账号浅度安全等级识别方法——短视频潜在优质账号的初步划分

ОБУЧЕНИЕ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОМУ НАРРАТИВУ НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ НОВОСТНЫХ СООБЩЕНИЙ НАУЧНО-ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКОГО ЖАНРА

The purpose of studying a foreign language at a technical university is to provide students with the necessary skills and methods of communication in academic discourse, ensuring the adequacy of social and professional contacts. To achieve this goal, the teaching strategy of this discipline has shifted from traditional translations of texts in the specialty to the primacy of oral speech. Revision of pedagogical priorities has led to the need in updating information and educational resources and implementation of methods aimed at developing students` communicative skills by organizing different types of speech activity. The article discusses the method of creating foreign language narratives of a scientific and journalistic genre by using the latest research news. The author develops a step-by-step algorithm with the particular focus on identifying common and specific elements in the structure of news texts. The article presents a narrative analysis of the field-specific authentic news text that includes structuring the primary source of information into basic elements: those of an abstract, localization, complication, evaluation, and denouement. The preliminary division of the media text into elements allows students to create a framework structure and a basis for reporting back on the actual news stories. The linguodidactic potential held by professionally-oriented news narrative is established. The author believes that construction of narratives can contribute to the development of students` abilities to analyze, synthesize, evaluate and reflect on information. Learning a foreign language through news narratives allows engineering students to improve their creative and communicative skills. Teaching a foreign language using media sources, which highlight scientific and technological breakthroughs, forms educational and cognitive competence of engineering and technical profile students and stimulates their research activities.

RESEARCH OF THE MICROHARDNESS OF THE SURFACE OF A CYLINDRICAL PART DURING DEFORMATION

It is known that when processing plastic materials by cutting, chip grinding is a serious problem. The formation of a stable, strong draining chip is a sign of low machinability of the material of the part and requires the use of special means and methods that would ensure the separation of the chip or allowance that is cut. This issue is especially relevant in the case of cutting drawing as a low-speed process, which is characterized by intensive overgrowth and a high coefficient of chip shrinkage, and therefore the strength of the latter. Today, there are a number of original developments of several scientific schools, which implement the idea of preliminary division of the allowance during drawing by creating a network of technological chip-splitting grooves. The process of internal drawing, in particular drawing of round deep holes, must necessarily take place under conditions of forced chip separation or allowance. At the same time, the so-called transverse division of the chips, i.e., division along the perimeter of the hole, is usually carried out due to structural elements on the broach teeth and today is not too difficult a problem. However, there are certain reserves in this direction as well, in particular those related to increasing the stability of the tool. This article considered the technological function of the reliefs, which consists in the forced division of the cut allowance with contour grooves. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the most common processes for obtaining round holes in hollow blanks and parts is carried out. The essence of the group (progressive, variable) stretching scheme is described. Typical combined extension tools are considered. Given formulas for calculating the dimensions of chip grooves. The first component р of the change in the diameter of the hole and the outer diameter of the workpiece after each of the combined drawing operations is characterized.

Stratification of the Sym Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Western Siberia)

The structure of the continental upper cretaceous symskaya suite in the territory of the Kulundino-Chulymsky facies region is considered. A preliminary division of it into three cyclites is proposed: kuznetsovsky, lower berezovsky and upper berezovsky-gankinsky

New records and two new species of Grimpoteuthis (Octopoda: Cirrata: Grimpoteuthididae) from southern Australia and New Zealand

ABSTRACT New deep-sea cirrate octopuses (Octopoda: Cirrata) are reported from around Australia and New Zealand. The limited collections comprise three species, one that is for the first time reported from Australian waters, and one from each of Australia and New Zealand that we deem to be new to science. Taxonomic instability and regional taxonomic novelty preclude the unambiguous attribution of any species to genus. While we consider no species to be sibling, or even closely related, each is attributed to Grimpoteuthis: G. greeni n. sp., based on three specimens from southern Australia; G. angularis n. sp., based on a single specimen from New Zealand; and the first male specimen of G. abyssicola O’Shea, 1999, formerly known from the central Tasman Sea, which we describe and extend the distribution of into Australian waters. Relationships between these taxa and others provisionally attributed to the Grimpoteuthididae O’Shea, 1999 are evaluated and based primarily on the morphology of the shell, and secondarily on that of the gill, we propose a preliminary division of Grimpoteuthis sensu lato into three sensu lato morphologies.

Балансування навантаження в розподіленій системі групової взаємопідтримки виконання поточних завдань

"The article is devoted to the development of a software platform for load balancing in a distributed system of group mutual support for the implementation of current tasks, approaches to visualizing progress and factors influencing the achievement of goals are determined. A comparative analysis of existing assistance services has been carried out. The basic requirements for the logical and functional components of the service being developed and the software for its implementation are substantiated. The architecture of the service being developed is designed, the structure of the personal profile of a user who has problems in terms of motivation, goal setting and planning is determined. A system of automatic selection of users, a calendar of tasks, a system of messaging has been developed. The programmatic result of the work is a web application with load balancing functionality. The developed web application consists of client and server parts and uses public cloud services. The purpose of the work is to develop a distributed system of service for group mutual support for performing personal tasks in the format of a web application using technologies for horizontal scaling of the load from the server side, and the development of the client part in the format of a single-page web application SPA (Single Page Application). The objectives of the research are to conduct a comparative analysis of modern software and instrumental platforms, to determine approaches to visualizing progress in setting up a group mutual support service and factors affecting the achievement of goals. Also, the main tasks should be noted the design of the architecture of the service being developed, the definition of the structure of the user's personal profile, the development of a subsystem for automatic selection of users, a calendar of tasks, a messaging subsystem, as well as the development of web applications, consisting of a client part in the form of SPA and distributed server software with load balancing functionality. To scale the software system, a preliminary division into separate microservices with their subsequent containerization was carried out, and a distributed architecture with placement schemes was designed."

Classification of helicopter’s typical flight state based on threshold

Dividing the 37 flying state of a certain line number helicopter. Firstly, dividing the helicopter rotation and single-engine flight. Secondly, performing preliminary state division for the remaining samlpes, the specific division of yaw angle, helicopter flight altitude and indicated air speed are different states, the least squares polynomial method is used for smoothing respectively. Calculating the extreme value of each parameter data, with the difference value of the extreme value of the parameter data being less than 10 as the limiting condition, dividing the original data segment into non-turning, level flight and steady speed state. The remaining sampling points are in the state of unsteady turning and non-level flight. Taking the difference value 0 as the limiting condition, further divide the non-steady speed and non-level flight state. Dividing the state of turning and non-turning, level flight, ascent and descent, steady speed, increase speed and deceleration state, which is the preliminary division state. Finally, dividing the near-ground and non-near-ground, classifying the helicopter status according to the height threshold, and analyze the accuracy of the classification results. The results show that this method is versatile, can quickly divide helicopters with different flight complexity, and has high accuracy.

Algorithms for coordination of autonomous underwater drones searching for a hidden object when no long-range communication is allowed

The paper is devoted to comparison of the efficiency of information exchange by autonomous mobile agents when searching in a limited coverage area. The special feature of the problem is to consider the case of operation within the prohibition of usage of radio, light, and acoustic communication channels at a great distance, as well as without surfacing. The paper compares the following algorithms for the work of groups of autonomous robots, based on a preliminary division of area into sectors and survey of robots in their sectors using the “breadth-first search” method.

BEYNƏLXALQ CİNAYƏT MƏHKƏMƏSİNİN İLKİN İCRAAT ŞÖBƏSİNİN FUNKSİYALARI VƏ SƏLAHİYYƏTLƏRİ

The Preliminary Division is a court unit that has important functions and powers within the structural links of the International Criminal Court and provides a link between criminal investigation, prosecution and trial procedures. In fact, this Department filters out whether the criminal act that took place during the period before the criminal case reached the Judicial Department falls within the jurisdiction of the Court, and such important nuances, and transfers the so-called "finished product" to the Judicial Department. The BCM stage of the proceedings has a very important role to play in the termination of the proceedings and in the issuance of the relevant decision (sentence). This stage involves an inseparable process, with the Prosecutor referring the case to the Preliminary Chamber, referring it to the Court of Appeals, and finally appealing to the Chamber of Appeals against the decisions and proceedings of those chambers. Key words: International Criminal Court, Rome Statute, international crime, state sovereignty, criminal law jurisdiction, principles of criminal procedure, international criminal law

Исследование составляющих сопротивления повороту гусеничной машины на плотном опорном основании

The purpose of the study is to increase the completeness and reliability of approaches to deter-mining the components of the cornering resistance a tracked vehicle, as well as to create a method for their assessment, which will be suitable for practical calculations. The article analyzes two components of the moment of cornering resistance of the tracked vehi-cle, which can be distinguished if we consider the interaction of the caterpillar with the support base through separate contact spots (active sections of the tracks located under the road wheels). The first component arises from the linear movement of the active sections of the tracks. The second is caused by the rotational movement of the contact patch about the vertical axis. The paper presents a mathematical model of the interaction of the propeller and a dense support base, which makes it possible to study the dependence of the components of the moment of corner-ing resistance on the geometric parameters of the undercarriage of a tracked vehicle. The horizontal reaction force in this case is presented as a function of the slip coefficient. The possibility of realiz-ing various adhesion qualities of the propulsion unit in the longitudinal and transverse directions of sliding is provided. The model assumes a preliminary division of the contact patch into a finite number of elementary areas. Since the number of elementary sites affects the result, the article con-ducted a study to determine the minimum number of sites to ensure acceptable accuracy. An analysis of the expressions available in the literature was carried out to determine the speci-fied component of the cornering resistance. The new empirical relationships that better agree with the mathematical model were proposed. The study of several existing tracked vehicles, differing in the mass and size of the track support surface, made it possible to conclude that it is advisable to take into account the moment of cornering resistance of the contact patch for various types of tracked vehicles.

Pernicious Science: Artifice and the Form of Narrative in Eliza Haywood's Secret Histories

Pernicious Science:Artifice and the Form of Narrative in Eliza Haywood's Secret Histories Helen Thompson Yet, Oh! how deceitful are Appearances! his Soul is the black Image of Hell's horrid Sovereign… By ways unknown even to the greatest Proficients in the deceiving Science, he rais'd his Fortune from an abject Station, and triumph'd in the Spoils of ruin'd Honesty. Eliza Haywood, Memoirs of a Certain Island Adjacent to the Kingdom of Utopia1 This essay responds to scholarly calls for engagement with Eliza Haywood's secret histories Memoirs of a Certain Island Adjacent to the Kingdom of Utopia (1724–25) and The Secret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of Caramania (1727), which have received less critical scrutiny than Haywood's mixed oriental tale, secret history, and satire The Adventures of Eovaai, Princess of Ijaveo (1736).2 In what follows, I suggest that Haywood's secret histories define narrative authority as a formal articulation of extreme epistemological insight. By constructing narrators whose capacity to disclose secrets is enabled by superhuman acumen, Haywood marshals extra-empirical epistemological access as the formal condition of the secret history, a condition whose shaping conceit charts an intriguing progression across these three texts: from hypocrisy espied by a deity, to deflating insinuations of irony, to magically assisted sensory disillusionment. The narrative [End Page 9] postures enabling such perspectives do not always affirm the genre's characterization as, Rebecca Bullard writes, "narration 'from below'"3 or, as Michael McKeon puts it, "history from below,"4 but rather assume the even celestial vantage claimed by what Marta Kvande names an "outsider narrator."5 By investigating these secret histories' obtrusively nontransparent figurations of narrative authority, I agree with Srinivas Aravamudan's contention that "Haywood's fiction referentializes inexorably, but in a very different way from the realist novel;"6 as Aravamudan proposes, this is a "different realism" or "antirealist narrative"7 whose constitutive relation to form and the limits of empirical understanding my essay attempts to trace. A preliminary look at Haywood's engagement with political secrecy may illuminate the analytic significance of the category of form. A topical, excoriating scandal chronicle, Memoirs of a Certain Island could represent the first minister Robert Walpole as "Lucitario, a famous Necromancer" (I, 7) who cons London's citizens with a fraudulent investment scheme represented as an "Enchanted Well" (I, 7).8 To exemplify the ethical laxness that makes the City easy to fool, Haywood instances the failure of an undeceived individual to expose the trickery: "had [he] been possessed of a little more Fire in his Constitution, he would at once have demolished the ruinous Structure, and discover'd to the amazed Multitude the secret Passages through which the Wealth they had hoped to gain had been conveyed for other Uses" (I, 9). With this schematics of the reaction the Well should elicit from a man in the know, Haywood lays out her secret histories' mutually formal and epistemological mandate. The Well's "secret Passages" articulate ministerial duplicity in concretely spatial terms: financial abstractions like joint stock companies and public funds are reconverted into fathomless depths from which subterranean pipes expropriate liquid cash. In advance of the Patriot critique voiced in Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke's evocation of the "dark, intricate, and wicked mystery of stockjobbing,"9 Haywood concretizes incomprehensible economic legerdemain to motivate the revelation that unperceived permutations of structure are ruinous, thereby propelling the demand that the Well's hidden parts be "discover'd to the amazed Multitude." Conjured by necromancers, secret passages are refinements of space whose existence cannot be intuited in the regular course of empirical life. With this preliminary division of perceptible and mysterious, empirically thinkable and amazing, Haywood extends the secret history's revelatory remit beyond the novelistic pretense to verisimilar realism or simulated facticity theorized by Ian Watt, McKeon, John Bender, and Cynthia Wall.10 This is so because the duplicity sustained by Lucitario resembles the realist project itself, defined as lifelike naturalism, the provision of experimentally accurate detail, or any probabilistic mode that does not trigger the reader's active disbelief. The unperturbed experience of the real perpetrated by Haywood's necromancer-minister entails...

Preliminary division of not socially parasitic Greek Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with a description of three new species.

The division of Greek members of the genus Temnothorax into 17 morphological groups is proposed. Temnothorax aveli species group is reviewed with three species: T. turcicus (Santschi) (North Aegean Islands, Sterea Ellas, Peloponnese and Thessaly), and two species new to science: Temnothorax brackoisp. nov. (Epirus, Ionian Islands, Macedonia, Peloponnese, western Sterea Ellas, Thessaly, and also Dalmatia in Croatia), and T. messiniaensissp. nov. (Ionian Islands and Peloponnese); a new species Temnothorax triangularissp. nov., a member of the Temnothorax nylanderi species group is also described (Sterea Ellas: Euboea Island).

Flexible resource allocation adaptive to communication strategy selection for cellular clients using Stackelberg game

In cooperative communication Networks (or cooperative cognitive radio networks), a source node usually recruits non-altruistic relays to execute cooperative communication with a target node, through compensating these potential relays with a fraction of its licensed frequency band. When a source node is far apart from a target node, it is difficult to achieve the desired transmission performance by cooperative communication. In this paper, a source node's communication strategy can dynamically be adjusted with help of a base station according to variation of wireless communication environments. Also, an appropriate relaying path can be constructed to replace a long-distance wireless link without demand of channel state information. Furthermore, following the proposed Stackelberg game-theoretic method based on three-party-cooperation, a base station can determine the preliminary division of a source node's licensed frequency band and the initial power allocation for all the relays in the same relaying path, while the source node and the related relays can dynamically adjust them respectively during data transmission according to information feedback.

Метод скорочення надлишковості трансформанти аерофотознімку у маскованому просторі

In article the existing technologies of processing of images have been considered. The possibility of reduction of combinatory redundancy by using of quantization of transformant representation has been investigated. The technology of quantization of the array of separate representation with an additional matrix of signs is developed. It leads to elimination of additional amount of structural redundancy in frequency space. There is a further development of a method of quantization of arrays of separate representation on the basis of the weighed bound. Distinctive features from other approaches consists in application of a matrix of signs for elements that leads to decrease in the lower bound of differential space. The method of processing of images with controlled loss of their quality on the basis of preliminary division has gained further development. At the same time distinctive characteristics concerning other methods consist in formation of one-dimensional codes according to the block scheme in two-dimensional quantized space with application of a matrix of signs. Such approach will allow to reduce time expenditure by delivery of an aerial photograph under the set conditions concerning its compliance of the restored image to initial.

The Morphology of Nineteenth-Century Cities in the United States

Set within the context of varying traditions of Western urbanism, the U.S. city is considered as a partially autonomous creation, and emphasis is placed on the development of its physical forms during the crucial period of the nineteenth century. Nine distinguishing morphological characteristics such as low density, indistinct urban fringes, and short life of buildings are given special stress. Five broad themes, ranging from the nature of the American environment to the cultural value of land and government, are suggested as possible explanations of American physical urban traits. This is followed by a review of concepts and general findings regarding the three basic components of American urban form: land use ecology, history of building fabric, and cadastral patterns. The essay closes with a more detailed analysis of trends in the last category, given the dearth of conceptual clarity concerning this component. General changes in and representative examples of simple and complex urban ground plans of U.S. cities in the nineteenth century include colonial antecedents, new town foundations, and mature town accretions and modifications both on urban fringes and within densely-built urban cores. Finally, a preliminary division of the century into three morphogenetic periods is offered with a view to stimulating further development of the suggested framework.

Research on Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate

The performance of recycled coarse aggregate has significant effects on recycled concrete. The performance of recycled coarse aggregate were tested according to Recycled coarse aggregate for concrete (GB/T 25177-2010). The Result showed that the recycled coarse aggregate grading in accordance with regulation requirements, and compared with the natural coarse aggregate: high powder content and water absorption, low needle and plate particle content, low apparent density, compression capability as low as soundness. And the property of recycled coarse aggregate after cleaning has the performance of guaranteeing the quality by using. Through the test results and consult the national regulation, the recycled coarse aggregate in Xinjiang can be preliminary division to the categories of I and II.