Movie Preferences Research Articles

A genre-based fuzzy inference approach for effective filtering of movies

Recommendation techniques are utilized in electronic commerce because of their potential commercial value. Many e-commerce sites employ collaborative filtering techniques to provide recommendations to customers based on the preferences of similar users. However, as the number of customers and the range of products increase, the prediction accuracy of memory-based collaborative filtering algorithms declines because of sparse ratings. In addition, the time complexity of such algorithms is quite high in the prediction phase. To resolve these issues, we propose a genre-based fuzzy inference filtering approach for predicting movie preferences. We use content-based and collaborative filtering algorithms as baseline methods to evaluate the performance of our approach. The results of experiments demonstrate that the hybrid approach exploits the strengths of the content-based and collaborative filtering algorithms to achieve effective filtering in terms of precision. Moreover, the computation time can be reduced by using the α-cut approach. The findings have implications for the design of an interactive movie recommendation system for the World Wide Web.

When do Original Movies Dominate Sequels? The Moderating Effects of Film Types and Product Knowledge

Using several quasi-experimental designs with 280 participants from Taiwan, this study explores how and when original movies can dominate sequels, based on analogy learning theory. When a consumer's purchase decision reflects greater product knowledge, the preference for original movies dominates the preference for sequels such that other original movies are preferred over the sequel to a known original film. Extending the research to different types of sequels, this study reveals that numbered sequels achieve greater familiarity effects than name-based sequels on judgment and a sense of connection, but not preferences.

Evaluating Tag-Based Preference Obfuscation Systems

While personalization is key to increase the usability of online services, disclosing one's preferences is undesirable from a privacy perspective, because it enables profiling through the linkage of what may otherwise be unlinkable service invocations. This paper considers an easily implementable class of obfuscation strategies as a means to mitigate these risks, and examines its privacy/utility tradeoff. Our results are based on simulations that take place within a modular evaluation framework that can seamlessly accommodate real-world data. We conducted experiments with different simulated behaviors and using two preference populations, namely a population of maximally diverse preferences and one consisting of the movie preferences of some Netflix users. We measure utility in a way that is specific to the application of preference obfuscation. Privacy is measured in terms of unlinkability, with respect to two different adversaries. Our results show that reasonable privacy/utility tradeoffs require the disclosure of only small amounts of preference information.

Warm It Up with Love: The Effect of Physical Coldness on Liking of Romance Movies

Are romance movies more desirable when people are cold? Building on research on (bodily) feeling-as-information and embodied cognition, we hypothesize that physical coldness activates a need for psychological warmth, which in turn leads to an increased liking for romance movies. Four laboratory experiments and an analysis of online movie rental data provide support for our hypothesis. Specifically, studies 1A and 1B show that physical coldness increases the liking of and willingness to pay for romance movies. Study 2 shows that the effect of physical coldness on liking of romance movies only occurs for people who associate romance movies with psychological warmth. Study 3 shows that people correct for the influence of physical coldness on their liking of romance movies when physical coldness is made salient. In study 4, using data on online movie rentals and historical temperature, we found a negative relationship between weather temperature and preference for romance movies.

Video Preference Assessment and Behavioral Management of Single-Caged Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) by Movie Presentation

Movie presentation can act as an enrichment technique for nonhuman primates, who also show preferences for certain contents. This study investigated the video preferences and effects of movies on behavioral abnormalities in single-caged Japanese macaques. When movie rewards were provided for subjects' touch responses, the subjects maintained the touch responses during 40 2-hr sessions. Although repeated presentation of 1 stimulus set decreased the subject's touch response, changing the stimulus set led to recovery of this response. The subjects showed clear preferences, consistent across 2 different stimulus sets, for movies showing humans or animation (61.1% of total duration). Subjects consistently played movies both with and without their preferred content. The availability of a variety of contents might be important for attracting subjects' interest. The frequency with which monkeys engaged in abnormal behaviors decreased in the experimental (20.9%) and the postexperimental (25.6%) periods compared with the preexperimental period (33.5%). Movie presentations could keep attracting the interest of single-caged monkeys in their visual environment, ameliorating their behavioral abnormalities for some time. In summary, social experience during infancy might influence Japanese macaques' movie preferences.

한국대중문화에 대한 선호도가 한국패션상품에 대한 선호도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향 -중국 대련지역을 중심으로-

This study examined the causal relationship between the Chinese preference for Korean cultural products (Korean talent, K-pop songs, TV dramas, and movies), for Korean fashion products, and their purchase intentions. The relationship between the Korea's national brand image and Chinese fashion leadership with the three variables was investigated. Data was collected from 580 Chinese in Dalian, China. The data was analyzed using frequency, correlations, reliability, and AMOS for path analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, the preference for Korean talent, K-pop songs, TV dramas, movies, and fashion products showed that the Chinese had a positive response and the degree of preference for each item was similar. Second, the Chinese preference for Korean talent, movies, and TV dramas significantly influenced the preference for Korean fashion products. In addition, the Chinese preference for Korean fashion products significantly influenced the purchase intentions of Korean fashion products. Third, the Chinese preference for Korean talent and fashion products had a significant relationship with their fashion leadership. In addition, the preference for Korean talent, movies, TV dramas, K-pop songs, fashion products, and purchase intentions had the same positive relationship with Korea's national brand images. This study examined from a structural aspect how the preference of Korean intangible cultural products affected the purchase intention of Korean fashion products. This study explored that the preference for Korean cultural products transcended the popularity of the Korean popular culture with a subsequent national industrial and economic ripple effect that improved the national brand image.

Movie Preference before Watching The Roles of Actor’s Fit in Expertise and Actor Likeability

본 연구는 영화의 특성과 연기자 전문성 간의 적합성이 소비자의 영화 선호도 형성에 어떻게 영향을 주는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 영화연기자의 전문성이 영화의 특성과 잘 조화될 때 영화에 대한 관람 전 선호도가증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 연기자의 전문성과는 직접 상관이 없는 연기자 관련정보도 영화 소비자의 관람 전 영화 선호도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또, 자신보다는 타인이 영화에 대해 가지는 태도에 대한 예측이 영화 관람 가능성에 더 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 영화 태도 형성에 있어서개인 자신이 타인과 비교하여 느끼는 심리적인 지각인 제3자 효과가 존재함을보여주는 것이다.

Proteomics Research to Discover Markers: What Can We Learn from Netflix®?

Research in the field of proteomics to discover markers for detection of cancer has produced disappointing results, with few markers gaining US Food and Drug Administration approval, and few claims borne out when subsequently tested in rigorous studies. What is the role of better mathematical or statistical analysis in improving the situation? This article examines whether a recent successful Netflix-sponsored competition using mathematical analysis to develop a prediction model for movie ratings of individual subscribers can serve to improve studies of markers in the field of proteomics. Netflix developed a database of movie preferences of individual subscribers using a longitudinal cohort research design. Groups of researchers then competed to develop better ways to analyze the data. Against this background, the strengths and weaknesses of research design are reviewed, contrasting the Netflix design with that of studies of biomarkers to detect cancer. Such biomarker studies generally have less-strong design, lower numbers of outcomes, and greater difficulty in even just measuring predictors and outcomes, so the fundamental data that will be used in mathematical analysis tend to be much weaker than in other kinds of research. If the fundamental data that will be analyzed are not strong, then better analytic methods have limited use in improving the situation. Recognition of this situation is an important first step toward improving the quality of clinical research about markers to detect cancer.

The million dollar programming prize

Netflix is offering US $1 million for an algorithm that's 10 percent more accurate than the one Netflix uses to predict customers' movie preferences. The AT&T Labs team account is presented.

Visualizing Incomplete and Partially Ranked Data

Ranking data, which result from m raters ranking n items, are difficult to visualize due to their discrete algebraic structure, and the computational difficulties associated with them when n is large. This problem becomes worse when raters provide tied rankings or not all items are ranked. We develop an approach for the visualization of ranking data for large n which is intuitive, easy to use, and computationally efficient. The approach overcomes the structural and computational difficulties by utilizing a natural measure of dissimilarity for raters, and projecting the raters into a low dimensional vector space where they are viewed. The visualization techniques are demonstrated using voting data, jokes, and movie preferences.

The Most Influential Age Hypothesis: Does the Self Cause Predictable Preferences?

An ongoing debate revolves around the assumption of preference stability. We investigate the hypothesis that certain preferences do indeed remain stable and propose that preferences formed in early adulthood are likely to remain stable because of an increased likelihood of relating to people's identity. We present evidence from three studies showing that experts (Study 1) as well as lay people (Study 2) have very strong preferences for movies they have seen as early adults. In addition we show that (Study3) preferences closely tied to one's identity at early adulthood (e.g., clothes) are more persistent than those less closely tied to one's identity at that age (e.g., cars).

Explicit and implicit catalysts of consumer resistance: The effects of animosity, cultural salience and country-of-origin on subsequent choice

This paper identifies conditions that activate animosity feelings and in turn affect global consumers' choices. Three experiments conducted in two countries test the effects of a movie's country-of-origin and consumers' levels of animosity on subsequent movie choices. Two catalysts of animosity are explored: an explicit scenario and an implicit cultural salience prompt. Cultural resistance emerges in the form of increased preference for domestic movies when animosity is activated and consumers are exposed to related country-of-origin information about a first movie. A similar pattern of cultural resistance appears when, instead of consciously activating animosity, cultural identity is made salient.

Do You Know Me? Consumer Calibration of Friends’ Knowledge

A consumer's decision to rely on a friend to act as an agent depends, in part, on beliefs about the friend's knowledge. Three studies examine the role of motivational and cognitive biases in estimating friends' personalized knowledge (e.g., knowledge of one's movie preferences). Results show that estimates of close friends' knowledge are less accurate than those of less close friends for personalized but not for impersonal knowledge. Specifically, the studies show more overestimation of personalized knowledge and more bias in integrating new information for close as opposed to less close friends, supporting a motivational explanation for miscalibration of personalized knowledge.

Responses in extrastriate cortex to optic flow during simulated turns.

An observer locomoting along a straight path sees a pattern of optic flow in which images move approximately radially outward from his heading point. If the observer turns, the optic flow field changes markedly because each object's image now has a component of horizontal motion added to its "optic flow" motion. We tested the responses of 326 cells in the cat's extrastriate area LS (lateral suprasylvian visual area) to movies simulating the optic flow seen during locomotion in a straight line, and during various simulated turns to the left and right. About 60% of 326 cells tested responded to optic flow simulating turns. Of most interest was a subset of cells, 15% of the total, that had "turn-selective" responses. They responded significantly better to turns in a particular direction (usually to the contralateral side) than to turns in the opposite direction or to optic flow simulating straight-ahead locomotion. For each cell, we generated a display of fronto-parallel motion with a direction and speed that matched the image motion in the preferred turn movie, as seen at the receptive-field center. Most turn-selective cells responded significantly better to their preferred turn movie than to this fronto-parallel stimulus. We examined the role of cells' selectivity for stimulus direction, speed, and acceleration in determining cell preference for particular turns. Direction preference played some role for most cells, but about a third of the cells preferred turn movies that did not reflect their direction selectivity. Other factors, including the presence of opposing motion, only rarely appeared to determine cell preferences for particular turn movies.

Chinese in the United States: An Extension of Moderation in Drinking

Our initial study compared drinking patterns among high-school students from three cultural groups (Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong, adolescents of Chinese origin living in Chicago, American adolescents in the United States). While the present study focuses on one group, Chinese-Americans, it devotes some effort to comparing this group's drinking patterns to those of Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong, and those of adolescents generally in the United States. We hypothesize that the acculturation status of Chinese-American students (indicated by an index developed in the study and by other acculturation factors defined later) is related to their drinking status. We also hypothesize that, in addition to its role in whether or not these adolescents drink, acculturation helps determine how much they drink. Specifically, the study sought to evaluate whether data support one of three acculturation hypotheses (simple acculturation, damaging culture, and acculturation stress hypotheses). An acculturation index was constructed based on the variables residence, place of birth, language used at home, language used with friends, friends' nationality, and movie preferences. Other relevant acculturation factors included the number of years that respondents lived in the United States, the number of years that their friends lived in the United States, and the number of movies rented in a month in Chinatown. The results did not support any one of the three acculturation hypotheses. Adolescents of Chinese origin living in the United States were less likely to be drinkers than adolescents from the other two cultures (Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong and American adolescents in the United States), and they tended to conform to drinking practices found in Hong Kong. Mixed results were found between acculturation factors and drinking levels. Modification of existing acculturation ideas were needed to explain drinking patterns among Chinese-American adolescents.

Descriptions of Sexual Content and Ratings of Movie Preference

A total of 109 college students read one of the two versions of a movie guide with brief narrative descriptions of 12 movies. Sexual content was manipulated by having only one version of the movie guide contain a categorical rating of ‘nudity’ or ‘sexuality’ for each movie. Analysis indicated that simply announcing the presence of sexual content in R-rated movies may increase the preferences of college students, particularly of female students.

A Feature-based Approach to Recommending Selections based on Past Preferences

The increasing availability of a large number of interactive multi-media information services means that users have a large and diverse collection of choices open to them. This diversity and choice may present navigation difficulties to users which can dissuade them from using such services. One method of assisting users to navigate through large collections is to use information filtering to extract only the information relevant to an end-user according to his/her long-term preferences. In this paper, we describe a mechanism to acquire a user‘s long-term preferences (user profile), and then show how the acquired profile may be used to recommend selections that may be of interest to the user. The profile is acquired on the basis of a user‘s habits using a Heuristic-Statistical approach, and is used to create selection indices which are then used during on-line interactions to recommend selections. Our mechanism has been incorporated into an experimental Video On Demand (VOD) service that is implemented using a client-server architecture. The profile acquisition component is incorporated into a VOD server on a multi-tasking machine, while the VOD user interface resides on a personal computer. Our mechanism for acquiring profiles and making recommendations has been quantitatively evaluated on the basis of data collected about movie preferences.

Nostalgia and Consumption Preferences: Some Emerging Patterns of Consumer Tastes

As studied in recent consumer research, the role of nostalgia involves both (1) a link between age and the development of consumer tastes (over time) and (2) the relationship of nostalgia proneness (a psychographic variable) to patterns of consumer preferences. However, questions remain concerning whether the influence of nostalgia proneness and age can be regarded as two independent aspects of nostalgic consumption. This research reports a pair of studies that investigate this issue with respect to motion picture preferences among subjects. Study 1 uses an age-homogeneous sample to examine 20 items that assess nostalgia proneness, to derive a nostalgia scale, to form a spatial representation of movie preferences, and to test the fit of a vector reflecting differential nostalgia-related tastes in this preference space. Study 2 generalizes these results to a sample heterogeneous with respect to age and shows that age and nostalgia proneness appear to work independently as separate aspects of nostalgic preference patterns.

Personality and movie preferences: A comparison of American and German audiences

The impact of personality type (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism) and culture (American, German) on preferences for contemporary movies was explored. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the findings revealed that movie preferences were mediated by both the psychoticism and extraversion personality types and by an interaction between psychoticism by culture.

Alexithymia and Movie Preferences

The goal of this study was to further our understanding of the relationship between the ability to identify one's emotions and the kinds of emotion arousing experiences that people prefer. One hundred and eighty-six undergraduate students completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a questionnaire inquiring about subjects' movie preferences. Individuals who reported having difficulty identifying their emotions were more likely than those without such difficulty to prefer negatively valenced movies relative to happy movies. Individuals who had both high levels of depression and alexithymia were more likely to prefer fear-arousing rather than anger-arousing movies.