Trajectories of Goals of Care Among Patients With Advanced Cancer in the Last Two Years of Life.

The green transition is the process of gradual transformation of production methods and consumption habits, which consubstantiates on the progressive replacement of brown goods (produced with polluting technologies) by green goods (produced with clean technologies). Underlying such transition is the complementarity between firms and households: firms go green because they want and need to adapt to changes in consumers' preferences, and these preferences or values will evolve with the transformation of the production paradigm. In this paper, a dynamic model of green transition, grounded on agent heterogeneity and interaction, is devised, and the respective dynamics are subject to analysis and discussion. The analysis suggests the formation of an unstable steady state, from which the economy is pulled away in the direction of one of two extreme outcomes: no transition or full transition to the green state. Under certain conditions (i.e., under certain parameterizations), the persistence of endogenous fluctuations is also a feasible outcome. In this case, complex patterns of green transition emerge, attached to the absence of a strong enough lock-in effect: systematic oscillations in households' values and firms' technologies, from brown to green and from green to brown, eventually become the norm. • The paper investigates the dynamics of a novel model of green transition. • The model relies on agent heterogeneity and interaction. • The policy goal is to replace brown with green (technologies and goods). • The right policy mix might guarantee the stability of the green equilibrium. • The economy may end up stuck in a bounded instability (endogenous cycles) outcome.

Rapid media transformation and fast-paced changes in youth preferences become the main challenge for community-based cultural practices. In Desa Baros, West Java, Wayang Serok becomes one of the representations of a living tradition with high potential as a medium of inspiration for cultural heritage activation. This study explores other approaches in safeguarding a heritage – to translate cultural narratives into contemporary forms that are relatable for younger generation (Generation Z). The research combines a Participatory Learning Action framework by integrating Design Thinking process as co-creation in character and merchandise design inspired by Wayang Serok symbolism. Data gathered from field observation with local cultural representatives was analyzed alongside a survey to design an engaging merchandise suitable for Gen Z’s preferences and cultural consumptions. The findings suggest that design intervention – stylized character interpretation and accessible personalized trinkets – can function as mediators between traditional narratives and contemporary youth identity expression. Exhibitions, feedback, and digital engagement indicate that narrative-driven accessories can build emotional attachment and curiosity toward the topic. This study also proposes a participatory design approach that may potentially broaden other inclusive approaches as strategies to recontextualize many intangible heritages in the economic and creative ecosystem.

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are increasingly entering aquatic environments due to human and veterinary use, wastewater discharges, and inadequate waste containment, raising significant concerns for both ecosystems and human health. Ibuprofen and valproic acid are among the pharmaceuticals detected in surface waters, primarily due to incomplete metabolism and the limited removal efficiency of conventional wastewater treatment systems. Ibuprofen, readily available over the counter, is frequently found in high concentrations, while valproic acid, which is available only by prescription, is detected less often, likely reflecting its more restricted use. This study employed the established behavioral ecotoxicology model, Danio rerio, to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of ibuprofen (20 µg L-1) and valproic acid (3 µg L-1) on zebrafish (8 months old) after 96 hours of exposure. Both compounds influenced locomotor and anxiety-related endpoints, with changes in social preference primarily associated with valproic acid exposure. Single compound exposures resulted in reduced total distance traveled and average velocity, while combined exposure did not differ from the control group, indicating no additive locomotor impairment. Inactivity duration decreased in both individual treatments, most significantly with valproic acid, whereas the mixture produced no significant effect. Only ibuprofen reduced counterclockwise rotations, suggesting a mild anxiolytic-like response. Given the ecological importance of social cohesion and locomotor performance in predator avoidance, foraging, and reproduction, such behavioral disruptions may compromise population stability. These findings highlight the necessity of integrating behavioral endpoints and considerations of mixture toxicity into ecological risk assessments of pharmaceutical contaminants in aquatic systems.

Pollinators exhibit preferences and flower constancy (i.e., the proportion of visits to the same plant species) toward particular floral traits, which drive their decisions while foraging between flowers. Furthermore, pollinators adjust their preferences and flower constancy based on their experience with the flower reward, shaping their foraging behaviour and consequently pollen transfer. However, while evidence of the pollinators learning on their foraging is well known for bees, evidence for hoverflies is only slowly increasing although they represent one of the most abundant pollinator groups in temperate zones. We compared the preferences and flower constancy of flower naïve and experienced individuals of drone fly, Eristalis tenax L. (Syrphidae) in controlled, full-factorial experiments using artificial flowers differing in flower colour and size. Our results show that previous experience with flowers in an environment rich in flowering species decreased flower constancy and changed the preferences of E. tenax. We discuss the effect of changes in preferences and constancy on the E. tenax foraging among flowering plants.

The fundamental provisions of the Food Security Doctrine to ensure physical availability of food to the population are implemented through the development of various forms of retail. The general tendencies in economic development, digitalization, changes in consumer preferences, external factors affect the forms of retail in the forms of food retail in accordance with general trends in economic development, and the possibility of purchasing food products by different groups of the population depending on consumer habits regarding purchasing methods. As a result of retrospective and structural analysis of statistical data and aggregation of public opinion survey results, a shift in consumer preferences was revealed, expressed in a significant decrease in the share of market and fair trade. It should be noted the growth of retail chains and online food trading. Penetration of digitalization processes into the agricultural sector, including cooperation of agricultural producers through agro-aggregators. Despite the change in consumer habits, there remains a significant portion of the population that prefers traditional ways of purchasing goods in markets and fairs. In order to ensure physical availability of food for all groups of the population, support for market and fair trade, mobile commercial outlets continues despite their small share in the turnover. The Kaliningrad region is characterized by cooperation of local producers, the increase in the share of online trading in food products at a higher rate than the Russian average. In general, it can be concluded that the development of retail in the Kaliningrad region is in accordance with all-Russian trends with the features due to the exclave position of the region and limited market capacity.

Sex Peptide (SP) induces many of the most studied female post-mating responses (PMRs) in Drosophila melanogaster but has been lost multiple times in the Drosophila genus. We decided to explore the PMRs of Drosophila hydei, a species without SP. Our work shows that the PMRs in D. hydei are somewhat different than those found in D. melanogaster and may be the consequence of a selection for producing a reduced number of extremely long sperm. D. hydei females lack the substantial post-mating increase in egg production found in D. melanogaster, mostly displaying only a brief induction in the laying of stored eggs. Mated females do not show a reduction in lifespan that has been linked to changes in metabolism and egg production. To further explore the reproductive biology of this species, we performed sperm competition experiments that suggest that D. hydei females may select sperm based on characteristics linked to changes in seminal fluid proteins. This was further investigated by examining the structure of the seminal fluid-producing accessory glands and the egg laying PMRs in different Drosophila species. Finally, video-based monitoring of D. hydei females was used to uncover novel changes in circadian rhythm and light preference in mated females.

ABSTRACT As a landmark project of China’s Western Development Strategy, the West-East Natural Gas Pipeline (WENGP) reshapes China’s energy system and transforms patterns of social life and household behavior. Using panel data from 295 cities in China from 2000 to 2021, this research examines the effects of the first and second lines of the WENGP on energy utilization efficiency (EUE). By treating the project’s completion as a natural experiment and employing staggered DID and spatial DID methods, we find that EUE in areas along the pipeline has increased by 10%. Additionally, the pipeline promotes EUE in economically connected areas. Mechanism analyses indicate that changes in household energy consumption preferences are the primary influencing factor. It suggests that infrastructure-induced energy transition operates largely through social and behavioral transformation rather than purely technological substitution. These results accurately identify the environmental effects of the WENGP, and provide empirical evidence for how other developing countries can achieve green development.

The article examines the development prospects of gastronomic tourism in the small cities of our republic as an important factor in regional economic growth. The main trends in the redirection of tourist demand toward domestic destinations under the influence of external factors (geopolitical conditions) and internal factors (changes in consumer preferences) are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the multiplier effect of gastronomic tourism, which contributes to the development of related sectors ranging from agriculture to the hotel industry. Systemic constraints hindering the realization of the potential of small cities, including infrastructure deficiencies and a shortage of qualified personnel, are explored. The necessity of a comprehensive approach combining state support measures, infrastructure development, workforce training, and the implementation of modern marketing strategies is substantiated. The study is intended for tourism professionals, regional policymakers, and researchers engaged in territorial development issues. Keywords: gastronomic tourism, small cities, domestic tourism, regional development, tourism infrastructure, local brands, culinary heritage, sustainable tourism, tourism marketing, import substitution in tourism.

The time-space framing effect describes systematic preference changes when identical travel decisions are described using temporal versus spatial distance representations. Understanding when and why this effect occurs holds theoretical and practical importance for decision science and behavioral interventions in travel contexts. Three experiments were conducted to examine boundary conditions and cognitive mechanisms of the time-space framing effect. Experiment 1 employed a within-subjects design and constructed 20 binary decision problems (1,038 participants) to identify when framing effects emerge. Experiment 2 used visual analog scales to measure intradimensional difference comparisons (320 participants, between-subjects design) and tested whether framing effects operate through changes in perceived intradimensional differences. Experiment 3 employed eye-tracking (43 participants, within-subjects design) to objectively assess whether individuals adopt dimension-based processing strategies and whether processing patterns predict choices and choice reversals. Statistical analyses included χ2 tests, mediation analyses, mixed-effects regressions, and Bayes factor analyses. The time-space framing effect exhibited a twofold pattern determined by how frames altered the perceived intradimensional differences: frames that magnified perceived distance differences shifted preferences toward the distance-superior option, whereas frames that reduced these differences shifted preferences toward the outcome-superior option. The effect was absent when perceived intradimensional differences remained unchanged across frames. Mediation analyses indicated that changes in perceived intradimensional differences mediated the relationship between frame manipulation and choice preference, and that the presence or absence of such changes constituted a key boundary condition for the occurrence of framing effects. Eye-tracking showed that 95% of participants employed dimension-based strategies, with processing differences predicting both choices and choice reversals across frames. Time-space framing effects arise from systematic shifts in dimensional comparison processes rather than superficial presentation differences. This mechanistic understanding enables prediction of framing effect direction, providing theoretically grounded guidance for precision nudging in travel contexts.

Altered eating behaviours are a hallmark of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) but are less well characterised in progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) and semantic dementia (SD). We investigated the frequency and onset of eating behaviour changes across the three subtypes. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 58 patients (14 bvFTD, 30 PNFA and 14 SD). The presence and onset of eating changes were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and medical records. Eating behaviours were categorised into overeating, reduced food intake and food preference change. Primary outcomes were prevalence and incidence rates from the initial disease symptoms. A time-to-event analysis was used to compare the cumulative incidence of eating behaviour changes; cumulative incidence curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method; and group differences were assessed using the log-rank test. Although the prevalence of eating changes was the highest in bvFTD (85.7%), followed by PNFA (63.3%) and SD (57.1%), the differences were not statistically significant (p = .220). Incidence also did not differ significantly (p = .054). However, overeating was significantly more frequent in the bvFTD group than in the PNFA and SD groups (p = .011). Changes in appetite and eating behaviour are common across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum and are not limited to bvFTD. Although the overall prevalence is similar across subtypes, overeating is specifically observed in bvFTD, whereas reduced food intake and food preference changes occur non-specifically.

Introduction. Under current operating conditions in Ukraine's banking system, rising risks to savings and shifting depositor behavior highlight the role of time deposits as a vital element of financial stability. Shocks induce structural shifts in the time deposit market, manifesting in the redistribution of deposits between state-owned banks and banks of foreign banking groups, as well as changes in depositors' currency and time preferences, necessitating a systematic analysis. Purpose of the article. The study aims to evaluate changes in depositor preferences for placing time deposits in state-owned banks and banks of foreign banking groups across various stages of the polycrisis in Ukraine during 2013–2025. Methods. The comparative method was applied to identify trends in the distribution of time deposits between the selected banking groups and to show behavioral effects of depositors ("flight-to-safety" and "flight-to-savings"); the method of logical generalization was used to formulate conclusions regarding the impact of currency, time, and crisis determinants on the structural transformation of time deposits. Results. The article clarifies the specifics of the structure and dynamics of time deposits from households and corporates within the sample of state-owned banks and banks of foreign banking groups in Ukraine for the 2013–2025 period. It was established that in 2014 and 2020 households demonstrated "flight-to-safety" in hryvnia deposits, favoring state-owned banks, whereas in 2022 a short-term shift toward banks of foreign banking groups occurred. In the foreign currency segment, these banks solidified their status as the dominant "safe haven." The corporate sector exhibits "flight-to-savings" by increasing time deposits; concurrently, a transition in hryvnia preferences from state-owned banks (2014, 2020) to foreign banking groups in 2022 was observed, while in foreign currency time savings, the preference for foreign banks remains relatively stable. Conclusions. A negative trend of a shrinking share of time deposits in the liabilities of the selected banking groups was identified. A fundamental change in depositor behavioral patterns in response to shocks was observed. A new competitive market model has emerged, in which affiliation with international financial groups can be a key criterion for reliability in wartime conditions.

Risk preference varies considerably across individuals, but the consequences and causes of this heterogeneity remain insufficiently understood. This study examines the predictive validity of risk preference for various life events (i.e., selection effects) and the role of life events in shaping risk preference (i.e., socialization effects). Using a large representative sample from the German socioeconomic panel (N = 14,558), we employed propensity score matching to construct synthetic treatment and control groups-individuals experiencing (or not experiencing) a life event-while controlling for various confounding variables. We then evaluated the extent to which general and domain-specific measures of risk preference predict the occurrence of 12 life events related to family transitions (e.g., marriage) and professional development (e.g., self-employment), as well as how these life events shape risk preference. Our findings provide evidence for selection effects by demonstrating that risk preference significantly predicts the occurrence of various life events. Furthermore, the predictive utility of risk preference generalizes across domains, with general or composite measures demonstrating somewhat superior predictive power relative to domain-specific ones. In turn, after adjusting for selection bias, socialization effects were negligible, with most life events showing no significant association with changes in risk preference. Overall, our results suggest that while risk preference has broad predictive power across various life areas, life events have a limited influence on shaping it. These findings reinforce the predominance of selection effects and underscore the importance of carefully distinguishing between selection and socialization processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Sequential sampling models of choice, such as the drift-diffusion model (DDM), are frequently fit to empirical data to account for a variety of effects related to accuracy/consistency, response time (RT), and sometimes confidence. However, no model in this class has been shown to account for the phenomenon known as choice-induced preference change, wherein decision makers tend to rate options higher after they choose them and lower after they reject them (and often choose the option that they had initially rated lower). Studies have reported choice-induced preference change for many decades, and the principal findings are robust. The resulting spreading of alternatives (SoA) in terms of their subjective value ratings is not considered by the traditional sequential sampling approach, which assumes the rated values of the options to be stationary throughout choice deliberation. Here, we propose that relaxing that assumption can allow this class of model to account for SoA. We show that the DDM can generate SoA (while simultaneously accounting for consistency and RT), as well as the relationships between SoA and choice difficulty, attribute disparity, and RT previously reported in the literature. Even the basic DDM can reproduce some empirical results, including multi-attribute evidence is necessary for others, and allowing different start times for each attribute enables a better match with the experimental data.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered consumer shopping behaviour, leading to noticeable changes in channel preference between offline and online retail formats. While online shopping adoption has increased, consumers? hesitation toward visiting physical stores has emerged as an important behavioural concern, particularly for electronic products that involve higher perceived risk and involvement. This paper aims to explore the concept of offline shopping hesitation in the post-pandemic context by synthesizing existing literature on consumer behaviour, perceived health risk, perceived convenience, impulsive buying behaviour, and in-store engagement. By conceptually integrating these factors, the study seeks to develop a structured understanding of how and why offline shopping hesitation may persist even after the easing of pandemic-related restrictions. The paper contributes by offering a conceptual perspective that can guide future empirical research on offline?online channel choice in the electronic products sector.

Although competition in the culinary business is becoming increasingly intense, studies that specifically discuss business development strategies in local culinary businesses to enhance competitive advantage remain relevant. This study aims to analyze the business development strategies implemented by the Mie Ayam Mbah Bejo culinary business in Genteng Subdistrict, Banyuwangi, in improving its competitive advantage in the local culinary market. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation involving the business owner, employees, and customers of Mie Ayam Mbah Bejo, and were then analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the business development strategy was implemented through the marketing concept of Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning (STP) and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. In terms of segmentation, the business did not limit customers by region, age, or income level, thereby reaching various segments of society. The targeting strategy was open by making all levels of society the target market, while positioning was built through the image of a legendary chicken noodle stall with a distinctive taste, affordable prices, a strategic location, and friendly service. The SWOT analysis showed that the business’s strengths lie in product quality, affordable prices, a strategic location, and the utilization of digital technology, such as delivery services and cashless payments. The opportunities include the development of digital technology and the business reputation that has been widely recognized, while the business’s weaknesses include limited workforce and environmental conditions prone to flooding, and the threats stem from increasing competition from similar culinary businesses and changes in consumer preferences. Thus, this study confirms that the implementation of appropriate business development strategies contributes to enhancing the competitive advantage and sustainability of the Mie Ayam Mbah Bejo business amid competition in the local culinary market.

Purpose This study investigates how informal conversations and the framing of historical return information influence stock market participation, with a focus on low-investment contexts such as India. It aims to determine whether these factors nudge individuals toward or away from investing in riskier financial assets. Design/methodology/approach We conducted a laboratory experiment involving university students in Western India. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conversational treatments: bullish, bearish, or neutral. While the conversations unfolded naturally, they were subtly moderated to reflect the tone of each treatment. Following the discussion, participants completed 14 incentivized investment tasks, allocating virtual funds across assets with differing risk-return profiles. A second, within-subject randomized treatment varied the time horizon of return information, either short-term (1 year) or both short and long-term (5 years), to examine how return framing influences investment behavior. Findings Bearish conversations significantly reduced investment in risky assets and increased preference for the safest option, consistent with more conservative portfolio choices. In contrast, bullish conversations led to more complex reallocation, with reduced investment in both risky and safer assets. Women responded more conservatively under bearish conversations, while their reactions to bullish conversations involved nuanced adjustments. Longer investment horizons led to increased risky investment across gender. These effects were not mediated by changes in risk preferences. Originality/value This study offers the first causal evidence that informal conversations can directly shape investment behavior. It also advances the literature on time horizon framing and gender differences in financial decision-making, insights that are especially valuable for informing the design of investment apps. The findings highlight how low-cost, scalable interventions can boost financial participation, particularly relevant for underrepresented groups like women.

Background: Indonesia is an agricultural country with superior plantation commodities, one of which is coconut (Cocos nucifera). Majene Regency as one of the coconut centers in West Sulawesi has great potential in the development of derivative products, including Mandar coconut oil. Objective: to analyze the internal and external factors that affect Mandar coconut oil business owned by Mrs. Yanti.Formulate the right business development strategy based on the results of the analysis. Method: this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method on coconut oil business owned by Mrs. Yanti in Simbang Village. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using SWOT analysis through the preparation of IFAS Matrix (Internal Factor Analysis Summary), EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary), SWOT Matrix, and Cartesian Diagram to determine the position of business development strategy. Results: the results showed that internally Mandar coconut oil business has strength in the quality of natural products, distinctive aroma, and business experience that has been going on for a long time. However, there are weaknesses in the aspects of capital, production technology, packaging, and marketing are still limited.From the external side, there are opportunities in the form of local market potential, government support for MSMEs, and increased interest in traditional and natural products. On the other hand, the threat comes from the competition of oil mills, fluctuations in prices for raw materials, as well as changes in consumer preferences. Conclusion: based on the SWOT analysis, the recommended business development strategy is to utilize the strengths to face threats (s–T strategy), as well as take advantage of opportunities through improved management quality, packaging innovation, marketing expansion, and more efficient utilization of production technology.

Abstract Robert Aumann influentially claimed that the completeness axiom in utility theory is neither descriptively accurate nor normatively compelling. Separately, it’s commonly accepted that dynamic consistency in individual decision-making is a demand of rationality. These assertions may conflict, however, even in mundane decision problems lacking any form of preference change. I characterise the most permissive preference-based choice rule which allows an agent with incomplete but transitive preferences to satisfy a strong form of dynamic consistency. The resulting behaviour is not generally rationalisable by a completed preference relation. I thereby present a challenge to—and conditions for—the simultaneous satisfaction of strong dynamic consistency and preservation of preferential gaps.

Defective catabolism of alternative and glucose-sparing fuel sources has recently been implicated in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including heart failure (HF), but the molecular mechanisms and a causal relationship linking them to altered glucose metabolism are unknown. Herein, alterations in cardiac protein expression in an established HF model (Tgαq*44 mice) were explored at different ages (4−14 months) in relation to changes in energy substrate preference, high-energy phosphate metabolism, and a snapshot of plasma metabolites. A small cohort of HF cases (n = 20) and non-failing controls (n = 18) was also used to confirm translational value of the findings. The progression of HF in Tgαq*44 mice was characterised by an increased reliance on glucose along with reduced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism that was associated with impaired MPC (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier)−mediated pyruvate utilisation and redirection of glycolytic intermediates into the hexose monophosphate shunt, glycogenesis, and serine biosynthetic pathway. Defects in fatty acid (FA), pyruvate, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), and ketone body (KB) oxidation, alongside prominent elevation of lactate, represented major features of altered cardiac metabolism in end-stage HF. Chronic accumulation of BCAAs next to suppressed KB and disrupted glucose oxidation were also found in patients with advanced HF, underlying the clinical relevance of the observed alterations. This study provides the comprehensive pattern of metabolic evolution of HF, highlighting several possible avenues to rescue from the HF-prone phenotype, such as promoting BCAA and KB catabolism, or normalising glucose utilisation by overexpressing MPC.